메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 364, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 64-75

Top-down production of drug nanocrystals: Nanosuspension stabilization, miniaturization and transformation into solid products

Author keywords

Drying; Miniaturization; Nanosuspension; Solids; Stabilization

Indexed keywords

ADIPIODONE; ALBENDAZOLE; APREPITANT; AZITHROMYCIN; BUPARVAQUONE; CAMPTOTHECIN; CREMOPHOR; DANAZOL; DODECYL SULFATE SODIUM; ETOPOSIDE; FENOFIBRATE; GUM ARABIC; HYDROCORTISONE; HYDROXYPROPYLCELLULOSE; ITRACONAZOLE; MEGESTROL ACETATE; NANOCRYSTAL; NAPROXEN; OMEPRAZOLE; PACLITAXEL; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; POLOXAMER; POLYSORBATE 80; POLYVINYL ALCOHOL; POVIDONE; PREDNISOLONE; RAPAMYCIN; SPIRONOLACTONE; TRIGLIDE; TYLOXAPOL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG;

EID: 53949092998     PISSN: 03785173     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.07.023     Document Type: Short Survey
Times cited : (654)

References (116)
  • 1
    • 38749119045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of arginine hydrochloride and hydroxypropyl cellulose as stabilizers on the physical stability of high drug loading nanosuspensions of a poorly soluble compound
    • Ain-Ai A., and Gupta P.K. Effect of arginine hydrochloride and hydroxypropyl cellulose as stabilizers on the physical stability of high drug loading nanosuspensions of a poorly soluble compound. Int. J. Pharm. 351 (2008) 282-288
    • (2008) Int. J. Pharm. , vol.351 , pp. 282-288
    • Ain-Ai, A.1    Gupta, P.K.2
  • 2
    • 53949112927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avantium. http://www.avantium.com/index.php.
    • Avantium. http://www.avantium.com/index.php.
  • 3
    • 53949107478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • British Standards Institution, 2005. PAS 71:2005-Vocabulary-Nanoparticles. http://www.bsi-global.com/upload/Standards%20&%20Publications/Nanotechnologies/PAS71.pdf.
    • British Standards Institution, 2005. PAS 71:2005-Vocabulary-Nanoparticles. http://www.bsi-global.com/upload/Standards%20&%20Publications/Nanotechnologies/PAS71.pdf.
  • 6
    • 19144364655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of polymeric stabilizers for drug nanocrystal dispersions
    • Choi J.Y., Yoo J.Y., Kwak H.S., Nam B.U., and Lee J. Role of polymeric stabilizers for drug nanocrystal dispersions. Curr. Appl. Phys. 5 (2005) 472-474
    • (2005) Curr. Appl. Phys. , vol.5 , pp. 472-474
    • Choi, J.Y.1    Yoo, J.Y.2    Kwak, H.S.3    Nam, B.U.4    Lee, J.5
  • 7
    • 33846783997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Turbidimetric measurement and prediction of dissolution rates of poorly soluble drug nanocrystals
    • Crisp M.T., Tucker C.J., Rogers T.L., Williams R.O., and Johnston K.P. Turbidimetric measurement and prediction of dissolution rates of poorly soluble drug nanocrystals. J. Control. Release 117 (2007) 351-359
    • (2007) J. Control. Release , vol.117 , pp. 351-359
    • Crisp, M.T.1    Tucker, C.J.2    Rogers, T.L.3    Williams, R.O.4    Johnston, K.P.5
  • 8
    • 53949108129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cunningham, J., Merisko-Liversidge, E., Cooper, E.R., Liversidge, G.G., 15 July 2004. Milling microgram quantities of nanoparticulate candidate compounds. World Patent WO 2004/058216 A2.
    • Cunningham, J., Merisko-Liversidge, E., Cooper, E.R., Liversidge, G.G., 15 July 2004. Milling microgram quantities of nanoparticulate candidate compounds. World Patent WO 2004/058216 A2.
  • 9
    • 34047271049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parallel screening approach to identify solubility-enhancing formulations for improved bioavailability of a poorly water-soluble compound using milligram quantities of material
    • Dai W.G., Dong L.C., Li S., Pollock-Dove C., Chen J., Mansky P., and Eichenbaum G. Parallel screening approach to identify solubility-enhancing formulations for improved bioavailability of a poorly water-soluble compound using milligram quantities of material. Int. J. Pharm. 336 (2007) 1-11
    • (2007) Int. J. Pharm. , vol.336 , pp. 1-11
    • Dai, W.G.1    Dong, L.C.2    Li, S.3    Pollock-Dove, C.4    Chen, J.5    Mansky, P.6    Eichenbaum, G.7
  • 11
    • 39049103837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding a relaxation behavior in a nanoparticle suspension for drug delivery applications
    • Deng Z., Xu S., and Li S. Understanding a relaxation behavior in a nanoparticle suspension for drug delivery applications. Int. J. Pharm. 351 (2008) 236-243
    • (2008) Int. J. Pharm. , vol.351 , pp. 236-243
    • Deng, Z.1    Xu, S.2    Li, S.3
  • 12
    • 0000134186 scopus 로고
    • Theory of the stability of strongly charged lyophobic sols and of the adhesion of strongly charged particles in solutions of electrolytes
    • Derjaguin B.V., and Landau L. Theory of the stability of strongly charged lyophobic sols and of the adhesion of strongly charged particles in solutions of electrolytes. Acta Phys. Chim. 14 (1941) 633-662
    • (1941) Acta Phys. Chim. , vol.14 , pp. 633-662
    • Derjaguin, B.V.1    Landau, L.2
  • 14
    • 53949121854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elan. http://www.elan.com.
    • Elan. http://www.elan.com.
  • 15
    • 0032054501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innovative strategies for the oral delivery of drugs and peptides
    • Fasano A. Innovative strategies for the oral delivery of drugs and peptides. TIBTECH 16 (1998) 152-157
    • (1998) TIBTECH , vol.16 , pp. 152-157
    • Fasano, A.1
  • 16
    • 53949099873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FDA Orange Book. http://www.fda.gov/cder/ob/default.htm.
    • FDA Orange Book. http://www.fda.gov/cder/ob/default.htm.
  • 17
    • 53949104228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drugs@FDA. http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/.
    • Drugs@FDA. http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/.
  • 18
    • 53949088264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feynman, R., 29 December 1959. There's plenty of room at the bottom (lecture). American Physical Society Meeting, Pasadena.
    • Feynman, R., 29 December 1959. There's plenty of room at the bottom (lecture). American Physical Society Meeting, Pasadena.
  • 19
    • 37549041747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preparation and characterization of an oridonin nanosuspension for solubility and dissolution velocity enhancement
    • Gao L., Zhang D., Chen M., Zheng T., and Wang S. Preparation and characterization of an oridonin nanosuspension for solubility and dissolution velocity enhancement. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 33 (2007) 1332-1339
    • (2007) Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. , vol.33 , pp. 1332-1339
    • Gao, L.1    Zhang, D.2    Chen, M.3    Zheng, T.4    Wang, S.5
  • 20
    • 41349120910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies on pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of oridonin nanosuspensions
    • Gao L., Zhang D., Chen M., Duan C., Dai W., Jia L., and Zhao W. Studies on pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of oridonin nanosuspensions. Int. J. Pharm. 355 (2008) 321-327
    • (2008) Int. J. Pharm. , vol.355 , pp. 321-327
    • Gao, L.1    Zhang, D.2    Chen, M.3    Duan, C.4    Dai, W.5    Jia, L.6    Zhao, W.7
  • 22
    • 8844219708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drugs as materials: valuing physical form in drug discovery
    • Gardner C.R., Walsh C.T., and Almarsson O. Drugs as materials: valuing physical form in drug discovery. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 3 (2004) 926-934
    • (2004) Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. , vol.3 , pp. 926-934
    • Gardner, C.R.1    Walsh, C.T.2    Almarsson, O.3
  • 24
    • 0033964139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nanosuspensions of poorly soluble drugs-reproducibility of small scale production
    • Grau M.J., Kayser O., and Müller R.H. Nanosuspensions of poorly soluble drugs-reproducibility of small scale production. Int. J. Pharm. 196 (2000) 155-159
    • (2000) Int. J. Pharm. , vol.196 , pp. 155-159
    • Grau, M.J.1    Kayser, O.2    Müller, R.H.3
  • 25
    • 53949114467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fundamentals of Drug Nanoparticles
    • Gupta R.B., and Kompella U.B. (Eds), Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, New York
    • Gupta R.B. Fundamentals of Drug Nanoparticles. In: Gupta R.B., and Kompella U.B. (Eds). Nanoparticle Technology for Drug Delivery, Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences vol. 159 (2006), Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, New York 1-19
    • (2006) Nanoparticle Technology for Drug Delivery, Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences , vol.159 , pp. 1-19
    • Gupta, R.B.1
  • 26
    • 34547863131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic evaluation of oral fenofibrate nanosuspensions and SLN in comparison to conventional suspensions of micronized drug
    • Hanafy A., Spahn-Langguth H., Vergnault G., Grenier P., Grozdanis M.T., Lenhardt T., and Langguth P. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of oral fenofibrate nanosuspensions and SLN in comparison to conventional suspensions of micronized drug. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 59 (2007) 419-426
    • (2007) Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. , vol.59 , pp. 419-426
    • Hanafy, A.1    Spahn-Langguth, H.2    Vergnault, G.3    Grenier, P.4    Grozdanis, M.T.5    Lenhardt, T.6    Langguth, P.7
  • 27
    • 53949120244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hansell, R.J., 3 February 2005. Laboratory scale milling process. United States Patent US 2005/0023386 A.
    • Hansell, R.J., 3 February 2005. Laboratory scale milling process. United States Patent US 2005/0023386 A.
  • 28
    • 21844461846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preparation and characterization of nanocrystals for solubility and dissolution rate enhancement of nifedipine
    • Hecq J., Deleers M., Fanara D., Vranckx H., and Amighi K. Preparation and characterization of nanocrystals for solubility and dissolution rate enhancement of nifedipine. Int. J. Pharm. 299 (2005) 167-177
    • (2005) Int. J. Pharm. , vol.299 , pp. 167-177
    • Hecq, J.1    Deleers, M.2    Fanara, D.3    Vranckx, H.4    Amighi, K.5
  • 29
    • 33750089277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preparation and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of nano-sized crystals for dissolution rate enhancement of ucb-35440-3, a highly dosed poorly water-soluble weak base
    • Hecq J., Deleers M., Fanara D., Vranckx H., Boulanger P., Le Lamer S., and Amighi K. Preparation and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of nano-sized crystals for dissolution rate enhancement of ucb-35440-3, a highly dosed poorly water-soluble weak base. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 64 (2006) 360-368
    • (2006) Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. , vol.64 , pp. 360-368
    • Hecq, J.1    Deleers, M.2    Fanara, D.3    Vranckx, H.4    Boulanger, P.5    Le Lamer, S.6    Amighi, K.7
  • 31
    • 33644799822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of nebulized buparvaquone nanosuspensions-effect of nebulization technology
    • Hernández-Trejo N., Kayser O., Steckel H., and Müller R.H. Characterization of nebulized buparvaquone nanosuspensions-effect of nebulization technology. J. Drug Target. 13 (2005) 499-507
    • (2005) J. Drug Target. , vol.13 , pp. 499-507
    • Hernández-Trejo, N.1    Kayser, O.2    Steckel, H.3    Müller, R.H.4
  • 32
    • 0035803697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organic nanoparticles in the aqueous phase-theory, experiment, and use
    • Horn D., and Rieger J. Organic nanoparticles in the aqueous phase-theory, experiment, and use. Angew. Chem. Int. 40 (2001) 4331-4361
    • (2001) Angew. Chem. Int. , vol.40 , pp. 4331-4361
    • Horn, D.1    Rieger, J.2
  • 33
    • 1842559836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nanoparticle engineering processes for enhancing the dissolution rates of poorly water soluble drugs
    • Hu J., Johnston K.P., and Williams R.O. Nanoparticle engineering processes for enhancing the dissolution rates of poorly water soluble drugs. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 30 (2004) 233-245
    • (2004) Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. , vol.30 , pp. 233-245
    • Hu, J.1    Johnston, K.P.2    Williams, R.O.3
  • 35
    • 0033956297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nanosuspensions as a new approach for the formulation for the poorly soluble drug tarazepide
    • Jacobs C., Kayser O., and Müller R.H. Nanosuspensions as a new approach for the formulation for the poorly soluble drug tarazepide. Int. J. Pharm. 196 (2000) 161-164
    • (2000) Int. J. Pharm. , vol.196 , pp. 161-164
    • Jacobs, C.1    Kayser, O.2    Müller, R.H.3
  • 36
    • 0035910873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Production and characterisation of mucoadhesive nanosuspensions for the formulation of bupravaquone
    • Jacobs C., Kayser O., and Müller R.H. Production and characterisation of mucoadhesive nanosuspensions for the formulation of bupravaquone. Int. J. Pharm. 214 (2001) 3-7
    • (2001) Int. J. Pharm. , vol.214 , pp. 3-7
    • Jacobs, C.1    Kayser, O.2    Müller, R.H.3
  • 37
    • 0036176196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Production and characterization of a budesonide nanosuspension for pulmonary administration
    • Jacobs C., and Müller R.H. Production and characterization of a budesonide nanosuspension for pulmonary administration. Pharm. Res. 19 (2002) 189-194
    • (2002) Pharm. Res. , vol.19 , pp. 189-194
    • Jacobs, C.1    Müller, R.H.2
  • 38
    • 0001795346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The theory of high-pressure homogenization
    • Müller R.H., Benita S., and Böhm B.H.L. (Eds), Medpharm Scientific, Stuttgart
    • Jahnke S. The theory of high-pressure homogenization. In: Müller R.H., Benita S., and Böhm B.H.L. (Eds). Emulsions and Nanosuspensions for the Formulation of Poorly Soluble Drugs (1998), Medpharm Scientific, Stuttgart 177-200
    • (1998) Emulsions and Nanosuspensions for the Formulation of Poorly Soluble Drugs , pp. 177-200
    • Jahnke, S.1
  • 39
    • 0036689390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of nanonization on absorption of 301029: ex vivo and in vivo pharmacokinetic correlations determined by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
    • Jia L., Wong H., Cerna C., and Weitman S.D. Effect of nanonization on absorption of 301029: ex vivo and in vivo pharmacokinetic correlations determined by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Pharm. Res. 19 (2002) 1091-1096
    • (2002) Pharm. Res. , vol.19 , pp. 1091-1096
    • Jia, L.1    Wong, H.2    Cerna, C.3    Weitman, S.D.4
  • 41
    • 13144268599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • To be nano or not to be nano?
    • Joachim C. To be nano or not to be nano?. Nature Materials 4 (2005) 107-109
    • (2005) Nature Materials , vol.4 , pp. 107-109
    • Joachim, C.1
  • 42
    • 34447254990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nanosuspension as an ophthalmic delivery system for certain glucocorticoid drugs
    • Kassem M.A., Rahman A.A.A., Ghorab M.M., Ahmed M.B., and Khalil R.M. Nanosuspension as an ophthalmic delivery system for certain glucocorticoid drugs. Int. J. Pharm. 340 (2007) 126-133
    • (2007) Int. J. Pharm. , vol.340 , pp. 126-133
    • Kassem, M.A.1    Rahman, A.A.A.2    Ghorab, M.M.3    Ahmed, M.B.4    Khalil, R.M.5
  • 43
    • 0037453179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formulation of amphotericin B as nanosuspension for oral administration
    • Kayser O., Olbrich C., Yardley V., Kiderlen A.F., and Croft S.L. Formulation of amphotericin B as nanosuspension for oral administration. Int. J. Pharm. 254 (2003) 73-75
    • (2003) Int. J. Pharm. , vol.254 , pp. 73-75
    • Kayser, O.1    Olbrich, C.2    Yardley, V.3    Kiderlen, A.F.4    Croft, S.L.5
  • 44
    • 28444461830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug nanocrystals of poorly soluble drugs produced by high pressure homogenization
    • Keck C.M., and Müller R.H. Drug nanocrystals of poorly soluble drugs produced by high pressure homogenization. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 62 (2006) 3-16
    • (2006) Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. , vol.62 , pp. 3-16
    • Keck, C.M.1    Müller, R.H.2
  • 45
    • 34249790272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of nanoparticles in oral delivery of immediate release formulations
    • Kesisoglou F., Panmai S., and Wu Y. Application of nanoparticles in oral delivery of immediate release formulations. Curr. Nanosci. 3 (2007) 183-190
    • (2007) Curr. Nanosci. , vol.3 , pp. 183-190
    • Kesisoglou, F.1    Panmai, S.2    Wu, Y.3
  • 46
    • 34548049483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nanosizing-oral formulation development and biopharmaceutical evaluation
    • Kesisoglou F., Panmai S., and Wu Y. Nanosizing-oral formulation development and biopharmaceutical evaluation. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 59 (2007) 631-644
    • (2007) Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. , vol.59 , pp. 631-644
    • Kesisoglou, F.1    Panmai, S.2    Wu, Y.3
  • 47
    • 5344234787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of solid nanoparticle technology in the parenteral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs
    • Kipp J.E. The role of solid nanoparticle technology in the parenteral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs. Int. J. Pharm. 284 (2004) 109-122
    • (2004) Int. J. Pharm. , vol.284 , pp. 109-122
    • Kipp, J.E.1
  • 48
    • 0027243792 scopus 로고
    • Improved oral absorption of a poorly water-soluble drug, HO-221, by wet-bead milling producing particles in submicron region
    • Kondo N., Iwao T., Masuda H., Yamanouchi K., Ishihara Y., Yamada N., Haga T., Ogawa Y., and Yokoyama K. Improved oral absorption of a poorly water-soluble drug, HO-221, by wet-bead milling producing particles in submicron region. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 41 (1993) 737-740
    • (1993) Chem. Pharm. Bull. , vol.41 , pp. 737-740
    • Kondo, N.1    Iwao, T.2    Masuda, H.3    Yamanouchi, K.4    Ishihara, Y.5    Yamada, N.6    Haga, T.7    Ogawa, Y.8    Yokoyama, K.9
  • 49
    • 0035910878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Production and characterisation of highly concentrated nanosuspensions by high pressure homogenization
    • Krause K.P., and Müller R.H. Production and characterisation of highly concentrated nanosuspensions by high pressure homogenization. Int. J. Pharm. 214 (2001) 21-24
    • (2001) Int. J. Pharm. , vol.214 , pp. 21-24
    • Krause, K.P.1    Müller, R.H.2
  • 50
    • 34249824271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved bioavailability of albendazole following oral administration of nanosuspension in rats
    • Kumar M.P., Rao Y.M., and Apte S. Improved bioavailability of albendazole following oral administration of nanosuspension in rats. Curr. Nanosci. 3 (2007) 191-194
    • (2007) Curr. Nanosci. , vol.3 , pp. 191-194
    • Kumar, M.P.1    Rao, Y.M.2    Apte, S.3
  • 51
    • 41949130280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formulation of nanosuspensions of albendazole for oral administration
    • Kumar M.P., Rao Y.M., and Apte S. Formulation of nanosuspensions of albendazole for oral administration. Curr. Nanosci. 4 (2008) 53-58
    • (2008) Curr. Nanosci. , vol.4 , pp. 53-58
    • Kumar, M.P.1    Rao, Y.M.2    Apte, S.3
  • 53
    • 0141507950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug nano- and microparticles processed into solid dosage forms: physical properties
    • Lee J. Drug nano- and microparticles processed into solid dosage forms: physical properties. J. Pharm. Sci. 92 (2003) 2057-2068
    • (2003) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.92 , pp. 2057-2068
    • Lee, J.1
  • 54
    • 15244348244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amphiphilic amino acid copolymers as stabilizers for the preparation of nanocrystal dispersion
    • Lee J., Lee S.J., Choi J.Y., Yoo J.Y., and Ahn C.H. Amphiphilic amino acid copolymers as stabilizers for the preparation of nanocrystal dispersion. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 24 (2005) 441-449
    • (2005) Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.24 , pp. 441-449
    • Lee, J.1    Lee, S.J.2    Choi, J.Y.3    Yoo, J.Y.4    Ahn, C.H.5
  • 55
    • 33344464389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical freezing rate in freeze drying nanocrystal dispersions
    • Lee J., and Cheng Y. Critical freezing rate in freeze drying nanocrystal dispersions. J. Control. Release 111 (2006) 185-192
    • (2006) J. Control. Release , vol.111 , pp. 185-192
    • Lee, J.1    Cheng, Y.2
  • 56
    • 41349085155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of polymers enabling nano-comminution of water-insoluble drugs
    • Lee J., Choi J.Y., and Park C.H. Characteristics of polymers enabling nano-comminution of water-insoluble drugs. Int. J. Pharm. 355 (2008) 328-336
    • (2008) Int. J. Pharm. , vol.355 , pp. 328-336
    • Lee, J.1    Choi, J.Y.2    Park, C.H.3
  • 57
    • 0036742053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poor aqueous solubility-an industry wide problem in drug discovery
    • Lipinski C. Poor aqueous solubility-an industry wide problem in drug discovery. Am. Pharm. Rev. 5 (2002) 82-85
    • (2002) Am. Pharm. Rev. , vol.5 , pp. 82-85
    • Lipinski, C.1
  • 58
    • 53949099654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liversidge, G.G., Phillips, C.P., Cundy, K.C., 12 April 1994. Method to reduce particle size growth during lyophilization. US Patent US 5,302,401 A.
    • Liversidge, G.G., Phillips, C.P., Cundy, K.C., 12 April 1994. Method to reduce particle size growth during lyophilization. US Patent US 5,302,401 A.
  • 59
    • 0028824401 scopus 로고
    • Drug particle size reduction for decreasing gastric irritancy and enhancing absorption of naproxen in rats
    • Liversidge G.G., and Conzentino P. Drug particle size reduction for decreasing gastric irritancy and enhancing absorption of naproxen in rats. Int. J. Pharm. 125 (1995) 309-313
    • (1995) Int. J. Pharm. , vol.125 , pp. 309-313
    • Liversidge, G.G.1    Conzentino, P.2
  • 60
    • 0029080002 scopus 로고
    • Particle size reduction for improvement of oral bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs. I. Absolute oral bioavailability of nanocrystalline danazol in beagle dogs
    • Liversidge G.G., and Cundy K.C. Particle size reduction for improvement of oral bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs. I. Absolute oral bioavailability of nanocrystalline danazol in beagle dogs. Int. J. Pharm. 125 (1995) 91-97
    • (1995) Int. J. Pharm. , vol.125 , pp. 91-97
    • Liversidge, G.G.1    Cundy, K.C.2
  • 61
    • 53949096775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liversidge, G.G., Eickhoff, W.M., Ruddy, S.B., Mueller, K.R., Roberts, M.E., Engers, D.A., 20 August 1998. Formulations of nanoparticle naproxen tablets. World Patent WO 98/35666.
    • Liversidge, G.G., Eickhoff, W.M., Ruddy, S.B., Mueller, K.R., Roberts, M.E., Engers, D.A., 20 August 1998. Formulations of nanoparticle naproxen tablets. World Patent WO 98/35666.
  • 62
    • 34250746898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening method to identify preclinical liquid and semi-solid formulations for low solubility compounds: miniaturization and automation of solvent casting and dissolution testing
    • Mansky P., Dai W.G., Li S., Pollock-Dove C., Daehne K., Dong L., and Eichenbaum G. Screening method to identify preclinical liquid and semi-solid formulations for low solubility compounds: miniaturization and automation of solvent casting and dissolution testing. J. Pharm. Sci. 96 (2007) 1548-1563
    • (2007) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.96 , pp. 1548-1563
    • Mansky, P.1    Dai, W.G.2    Li, S.3    Pollock-Dove, C.4    Daehne, K.5    Dong, L.6    Eichenbaum, G.7
  • 65
    • 53949097404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Merisko-Liversidge, E., Linden, W., 27 March 2003. Stabilization of active agents by formulation into nanoparticulate form. World Patent WO 03/024424 A1.
    • Merisko-Liversidge, E., Linden, W., 27 March 2003. Stabilization of active agents by formulation into nanoparticulate form. World Patent WO 03/024424 A1.
  • 66
  • 67
    • 21644468027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin nanoparticles: a novel formulation approach for poorly water soluble Zn-insulin
    • Merisko-Liversidge E., McGurk S.L., and Liversidge G.G. Insulin nanoparticles: a novel formulation approach for poorly water soluble Zn-insulin. Pharm. Res. 21 (2004) 1545-1553
    • (2004) Pharm. Res. , vol.21 , pp. 1545-1553
    • Merisko-Liversidge, E.1    McGurk, S.L.2    Liversidge, G.G.3
  • 68
    • 4644309307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of an intravenously injectable chemically stable aqueous omeprazole formulation using nanosuspension technology
    • Möschwitzer J., Achleitner G., Pomper H., and Müller R.H. Development of an intravenously injectable chemically stable aqueous omeprazole formulation using nanosuspension technology. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 58 (2004) 615-619
    • (2004) Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. , vol.58 , pp. 615-619
    • Möschwitzer, J.1    Achleitner, G.2    Pomper, H.3    Müller, R.H.4
  • 69
    • 33644820008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spray coated pellets as carrier system for mucoadhesive drug nanocrystals
    • Möschwitzer J., and Müller R.H. Spray coated pellets as carrier system for mucoadhesive drug nanocrystals. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 62 (2006) 282-287
    • (2006) Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. , vol.62 , pp. 282-287
    • Möschwitzer, J.1    Müller, R.H.2
  • 70
    • 33845238460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of itraconazole and hydroxyitraconazole in healthy subjects after single and multiple doses of a novel formulation
    • Mouton J.W., van Peer A., de Beule K., Van Vliet A., Donnelly J.P., and Soons P.A. Pharmacokinetics of itraconazole and hydroxyitraconazole in healthy subjects after single and multiple doses of a novel formulation. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50 (2006) 4096-4102
    • (2006) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.50 , pp. 4096-4102
    • Mouton, J.W.1    van Peer, A.2    de Beule, K.3    Van Vliet, A.4    Donnelly, J.P.5    Soons, P.A.6
  • 72
    • 0342897023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nanosuspensions for the formulation of poorly soluble drugs. I. Preparation by a size-reduction technique
    • Müller R.H., and Peters K. Nanosuspensions for the formulation of poorly soluble drugs. I. Preparation by a size-reduction technique. Int. J. Pharm. 2 (1998) 229-237
    • (1998) Int. J. Pharm. , vol.2 , pp. 229-237
    • Müller, R.H.1    Peters, K.2
  • 73
    • 0343339969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nanosuspensions - formulations for poorly soluble drugs with poor bioavailability - 1st communication: production and properties
    • Müller R.H., Böhm B.H.L., and Grau M.J. Nanosuspensions - formulations for poorly soluble drugs with poor bioavailability - 1st communication: production and properties. Pharm. Ind. 61 (1999) 74-78
    • (1999) Pharm. Ind. , vol.61 , pp. 74-78
    • Müller, R.H.1    Böhm, B.H.L.2    Grau, M.J.3
  • 74
    • 0033025593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nanosuspensions - formulations for poorly soluble drugs with poor bioavailability - 2nd communication: stability, biopharmaceutical aspects, possible drug forms and registration aspects
    • Müller R.H., Böhm B.H.L., and Grau M.J. Nanosuspensions - formulations for poorly soluble drugs with poor bioavailability - 2nd communication: stability, biopharmaceutical aspects, possible drug forms and registration aspects. Pharm. Ind. 61 (1999) 175-178
    • (1999) Pharm. Ind. , vol.61 , pp. 175-178
    • Müller, R.H.1    Böhm, B.H.L.2    Grau, M.J.3
  • 75
    • 0000595701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nanosuspensions: a formulation approach for poorly soluble and poorly bioavailable drug
    • Wise D.L. (Ed), Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York
    • Müller R.H., Böhm B.H.L., and Grau M.J. Nanosuspensions: a formulation approach for poorly soluble and poorly bioavailable drug. In: Wise D.L. (Ed). Handbook of Pharmaceutical Controlled Release Technology (2000), Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York 345-357
    • (2000) Handbook of Pharmaceutical Controlled Release Technology , pp. 345-357
    • Müller, R.H.1    Böhm, B.H.L.2    Grau, M.J.3
  • 76
    • 0002819692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nanosuspensions for the formulation of poorly soluble drugs
    • Nielloud F., and Marti-Mestres G. (Eds), Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York
    • Müller R.H., Jacobs C., and Kayser O. Nanosuspensions for the formulation of poorly soluble drugs. In: Nielloud F., and Marti-Mestres G. (Eds). Pharmaceutical Emulsions and Suspensions, Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences vol. 105 (2000), Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York 383-407
    • (2000) Pharmaceutical Emulsions and Suspensions, Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences , vol.105 , pp. 383-407
    • Müller, R.H.1    Jacobs, C.2    Kayser, O.3
  • 77
    • 0035937599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nanosuspensions as particulate drug formulations in therapy-rationale for development and what we can expect for the future
    • Müller R.H., Jacobs C., and Kayser O. Nanosuspensions as particulate drug formulations in therapy-rationale for development and what we can expect for the future. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 47 (2001) 3-19
    • (2001) Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. , vol.47 , pp. 3-19
    • Müller, R.H.1    Jacobs, C.2    Kayser, O.3
  • 78
    • 0037177516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Buparvaquone mucoadhesive nanosuspension: preparation, optimisation and long-term stability
    • Müller R.H., and Jacobs C. Buparvaquone mucoadhesive nanosuspension: preparation, optimisation and long-term stability. Int. J. Pharm. 237 (2002) 151-161
    • (2002) Int. J. Pharm. , vol.237 , pp. 151-161
    • Müller, R.H.1    Jacobs, C.2
  • 79
    • 6344237328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DissoCubes-a novel formulation for poorly soluble and poorly bioavailable drugs
    • Rathborn M.J., Hadgraft J., and Roberts M.S. (Eds), Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York
    • Müller R.H., Kayser O., and Jacobs J. DissoCubes-a novel formulation for poorly soluble and poorly bioavailable drugs. In: Rathborn M.J., Hadgraft J., and Roberts M.S. (Eds). Modified-Release Drug Delivery Technology. Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences vol. 126 (2003), Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York 135-149
    • (2003) Modified-Release Drug Delivery Technology. Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences , vol.126 , pp. 135-149
    • Müller, R.H.1    Kayser, O.2    Jacobs, J.3
  • 80
    • 4544275025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Challenges and solutions for the delivery of biotech drugs-a review of drug nanocrystal technology and lipid nanoparticles
    • Müller R.H., and Keck C.M. Challenges and solutions for the delivery of biotech drugs-a review of drug nanocrystal technology and lipid nanoparticles. J. Biotechnol. 113 (2004) 151-170
    • (2004) J. Biotechnol. , vol.113 , pp. 151-170
    • Müller, R.H.1    Keck, C.M.2
  • 81
    • 33751163286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manufacturing of nanoparticles by milling and homogenization techniques
    • Gupta R.B., and Kompella U.B. (Eds), Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, New York
    • Müller R.H., Möschwitzer J., and Bushrab F.N. Manufacturing of nanoparticles by milling and homogenization techniques. In: Gupta R.B., and Kompella U.B. (Eds). Nanoparticle Technology for Drug Delivery, Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences vol. 159 (2006), Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, New York 21-51
    • (2006) Nanoparticle Technology for Drug Delivery, Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences , vol.159 , pp. 21-51
    • Müller, R.H.1    Möschwitzer, J.2    Bushrab, F.N.3
  • 82
    • 0032950123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical Stability of Ethyl Diatrizoate Nanocrystalline Suspension in Steam Sterilization
    • Na G.C., Stevens H.J., Yuan B.O., and Rajagopalan N. Physical Stability of Ethyl Diatrizoate Nanocrystalline Suspension in Steam Sterilization. Pharm. Res. 16 (1999) 569-574
    • (1999) Pharm. Res. , vol.16 , pp. 569-574
    • Na, G.C.1    Stevens, H.J.2    Yuan, B.O.3    Rajagopalan, N.4
  • 83
    • 0032711216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An in-vitro assessment of a NanoCrystal™ beclomethasone dipropionate colloidal dispersion via ultrasonic nebulization
    • Ostrander K.D., Bosch H.W., and Bondanza D.M. An in-vitro assessment of a NanoCrystal™ beclomethasone dipropionate colloidal dispersion via ultrasonic nebulization. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 48 (1999) 207-215
    • (1999) Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. , vol.48 , pp. 207-215
    • Ostrander, K.D.1    Bosch, H.W.2    Bondanza, D.M.3
  • 85
    • 0345593759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An investigation into the distribution of lecithins in nanosuspension systems using low frequency dielectric spectroscopy
    • Peters K., Müller R.H., and Craig D.Q.M. An investigation into the distribution of lecithins in nanosuspension systems using low frequency dielectric spectroscopy. Int. J. Pharm. 184 (1999) 53-61
    • (1999) Int. J. Pharm. , vol.184 , pp. 53-61
    • Peters, K.1    Müller, R.H.2    Craig, D.Q.M.3
  • 86
    • 0033965872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preparation of a clofazimine nanosuspension for intravenous use and evaluation of its therapeutic efficacy in murine Mycobacterium avium infection
    • Peters K., Leitzke S., Diederichs J.E., Borner K., Hahn H., Müller R.H., and Ehlers S. Preparation of a clofazimine nanosuspension for intravenous use and evaluation of its therapeutic efficacy in murine Mycobacterium avium infection. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 45 (2000) 77-83
    • (2000) J. Antimicrob. Chemother. , vol.45 , pp. 77-83
    • Peters, K.1    Leitzke, S.2    Diederichs, J.E.3    Borner, K.4    Hahn, H.5    Müller, R.H.6    Ehlers, S.7
  • 87
    • 4544383493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nanosuspensions in drug delivery
    • Rabinow B.E. Nanosuspensions in drug delivery. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 3 (2004) 785-796
    • (2004) Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. , vol.3 , pp. 785-796
    • Rabinow, B.E.1
  • 88
    • 34648864264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Injectable nanoparticles for efficient drug delivery
    • Gupta R.B., and Kompella U.B. (Eds), Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, New York
    • Rabinow B., and Chaubal M.V. Injectable nanoparticles for efficient drug delivery. In: Gupta R.B., and Kompella U.B. (Eds). Nanoparticle Technology for Drug Delivery, Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences vol. 159 (2006), Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, New York 199-229
    • (2006) Nanoparticle Technology for Drug Delivery, Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences , vol.159 , pp. 199-229
    • Rabinow, B.1    Chaubal, M.V.2
  • 90
    • 1642460578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nanosuspensions as the most promising approach in nanoparticulate drug delivery systems
    • Rao G.C.S., Kumar M.S., Mathivanan N., and Rao M.E.B. Nanosuspensions as the most promising approach in nanoparticulate drug delivery systems. Pharmazie 59 (2004) 5-9
    • (2004) Pharmazie , vol.59 , pp. 5-9
    • Rao, G.C.S.1    Kumar, M.S.2    Mathivanan, N.3    Rao, M.E.B.4
  • 92
    • 53949092382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Royal Society and Royal Academy of Engineering, 2004. Nanoscience, and nanotechnology: opportunities and uncertainties. http://www.nanotec.org.uk/finalReport.htm.
    • Royal Society and Royal Academy of Engineering, 2004. Nanoscience, and nanotechnology: opportunities and uncertainties. http://www.nanotec.org.uk/finalReport.htm.
  • 94
    • 38749130125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Method for screening of solid dispersion formulations of low-solubility compounds-miniaturization and automation of solvent casting and dissolution testing
    • Shanbhag A., Rabel S., Nauka E., Casadevall G., Shivanand P., Eichenbaum G., and Mansky P. Method for screening of solid dispersion formulations of low-solubility compounds-miniaturization and automation of solvent casting and dissolution testing. Int. J. Pharm. 351 (2008) 209-218
    • (2008) Int. J. Pharm. , vol.351 , pp. 209-218
    • Shanbhag, A.1    Rabel, S.2    Nauka, E.3    Casadevall, G.4    Shivanand, P.5    Eichenbaum, G.6    Mansky, P.7
  • 95
    • 34547781194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A formulation comparison, using a solution and different nanosuspensions of a poorly soluble compound
    • Sigfridsson K., Forssén S., Holländer P., Skantze U., and de Verdier J. A formulation comparison, using a solution and different nanosuspensions of a poorly soluble compound. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 67 (2007) 540-547
    • (2007) Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. , vol.67 , pp. 540-547
    • Sigfridsson, K.1    Forssén, S.2    Holländer, P.3    Skantze, U.4    de Verdier, J.5
  • 96
    • 53949120904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SkyePharma. http://skyepharma.com.
    • SkyePharma. http://skyepharma.com.
  • 97
    • 53949120038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Symyx. http://www.symyx.com/index.php.
    • Symyx. http://www.symyx.com/index.php.
  • 98
    • 53949117020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TransForm Pharmaceuticals. http://www.transformpharma.com/.
    • TransForm Pharmaceuticals. http://www.transformpharma.com/.
  • 99
    • 34249039982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of physico-chemical properties and pharmaceutical performance of sucrose co-freeze-dried solid nanoparticulate powders of the anti-HIV agent loviride prepared by media milling
    • Van Eerdenbrugh B., Froyen L., Martens J.A., Blaton N., Augustijns P., Brewster M., and Van den Mooter G. Characterization of physico-chemical properties and pharmaceutical performance of sucrose co-freeze-dried solid nanoparticulate powders of the anti-HIV agent loviride prepared by media milling. Int. J. Pharm. 338 (2007) 198-206
    • (2007) Int. J. Pharm. , vol.338 , pp. 198-206
    • Van Eerdenbrugh, B.1    Froyen, L.2    Martens, J.A.3    Blaton, N.4    Augustijns, P.5    Brewster, M.6    Van den Mooter, G.7
  • 100
    • 53949103368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Van Eerdenbrugh, B., Vermant, J., Martens, J.A., Froyen, L., Van Humbeeck, J., Augustijns, P., Van den Mooter, G., submitted for publication-a. A Screening Study of Surface Stabilization in the Production of Drug Nanocrystals. J. Pharm. Sci.
    • Van Eerdenbrugh, B., Vermant, J., Martens, J.A., Froyen, L., Van Humbeeck, J., Augustijns, P., Van den Mooter, G., submitted for publication-a. A Screening Study of Surface Stabilization in the Production of Drug Nanocrystals. J. Pharm. Sci.
  • 101
    • 53949106114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Van Eerdenbrugh, B., Froyen, L., Van Humbeeck, J., Martens, J.A., Augustijns, P., Van den Mooter, G., submitted for publication-b. Alternative matrix formers for nanosuspension solidification: dissolution performance and X-ray microanalysis as an evaluation tool for powder dispersion. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci.
    • Van Eerdenbrugh, B., Froyen, L., Van Humbeeck, J., Martens, J.A., Augustijns, P., Van den Mooter, G., submitted for publication-b. Alternative matrix formers for nanosuspension solidification: dissolution performance and X-ray microanalysis as an evaluation tool for powder dispersion. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci.
  • 102
    • 53949092808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Van Eerdenbrugh, B., Froyen, L., Van Humbeeck, J., Martens, J.A., Augustijns, P., Van den Mooter, G., submitted for publication-c. Scaling down of drug nanosuspension production: process aspects and physico-chemical characterization. AAPS PharmSciTech.
    • Van Eerdenbrugh, B., Froyen, L., Van Humbeeck, J., Martens, J.A., Augustijns, P., Van den Mooter, G., submitted for publication-c. Scaling down of drug nanosuspension production: process aspects and physico-chemical characterization. AAPS PharmSciTech.
  • 103
    • 48849111481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drying of crystalline drug nanosuspensions-the importance of surface hydrophobicity on dissolution behavior upon redispersion
    • Van Eerdenbrugh B., Froyen L., Van Humbeeck J., Martens J.A., Augustijns P., and Van den Mooter G. Drying of crystalline drug nanosuspensions-the importance of surface hydrophobicity on dissolution behavior upon redispersion. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 35 (2008) 127-135
    • (2008) Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.35 , pp. 127-135
    • Van Eerdenbrugh, B.1    Froyen, L.2    Van Humbeeck, J.3    Martens, J.A.4    Augustijns, P.5    Van den Mooter, G.6
  • 111
    • 0030614519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nebulization of NanoCrystals™: production of a respirable solid-in-liquid-in-air colloidal dispersion
    • Wiedmann T.S., DeCastro L., and Wood R.W. Nebulization of NanoCrystals™: production of a respirable solid-in-liquid-in-air colloidal dispersion. Pharm. Res. 14 (1997) 112-116
    • (1997) Pharm. Res. , vol.14 , pp. 112-116
    • Wiedmann, T.S.1    DeCastro, L.2    Wood, R.W.3
  • 113
    • 20844446627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of biopharmaceutics in the development of a clinical nanoparticle formulation of MK-0869: a Beagle dog model predicts improved bioavailability and diminished food effect on absorption in human
    • Wu Y., Loper A., Landis E., Hettrick L., Novak L., Lynn K., Chen C., Thompson K., Higgins R., Batra U., Shelukar S., Kwei G., and Storey D. The role of biopharmaceutics in the development of a clinical nanoparticle formulation of MK-0869: a Beagle dog model predicts improved bioavailability and diminished food effect on absorption in human. Int. J. Pharm. 285 (2004) 135-146
    • (2004) Int. J. Pharm. , vol.285 , pp. 135-146
    • Wu, Y.1    Loper, A.2    Landis, E.3    Hettrick, L.4    Novak, L.5    Lynn, K.6    Chen, C.7    Thompson, K.8    Higgins, R.9    Batra, U.10    Shelukar, S.11    Kwei, G.12    Storey, D.13
  • 114
    • 38349162256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preparation and characterization of intravenously injectable nimodipine nanosuspension
    • Xiong R., Lu W., Li J., Wang P., Xu R., and Chen T. Preparation and characterization of intravenously injectable nimodipine nanosuspension. Int. J. Pharm. 350 (2008) 338-343
    • (2008) Int. J. Pharm. , vol.350 , pp. 338-343
    • Xiong, R.1    Lu, W.2    Li, J.3    Wang, P.4    Xu, R.5    Chen, T.6
  • 115
    • 34249323769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preparation of azithromycin nanosuspensions by high pressure homogenization and its physicochemical characteristics studies
    • Zhang D., Tan T., Gao L., Zhao W., and Wang P. Preparation of azithromycin nanosuspensions by high pressure homogenization and its physicochemical characteristics studies. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 33 (2007) 569-575
    • (2007) Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. , vol.33 , pp. 569-575
    • Zhang, D.1    Tan, T.2    Gao, L.3    Zhao, W.4    Wang, P.5
  • 116
    • 0030695406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sterile filtration of NanoCrystal™ drug formulations
    • Zheng J.Y., and Bosch H.W. Sterile filtration of NanoCrystal™ drug formulations. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 23 (1997) 1087-1093
    • (1997) Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. , vol.23 , pp. 1087-1093
    • Zheng, J.Y.1    Bosch, H.W.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.