SCOPUS 정보 검색 플랫폼

Angewandte Chemie - International Edition

Volumn 47, Issue 32, 2008, Pages 5956-5967

Origin, development, and future of spintronics (Nobel lecture)

(1) Fert, Albert a,b

a CNRS (France)

b UNIVERSITÉ PARIS SACLAY (France)

Author keywords

Giant magnetoresistance; Magnetic properties; Nobel lecture; Semiconductors; Spintronics

Indexed keywords

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING; CHEMICAL REACTIONS; CHEMISTRY; MAGNETIC PROPERTIES; SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS; SPINTRONICS;

DISK TECHNOLOGY; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCES (GMR); NOBEL LECTURE;

GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE;

EID: 53549088305 PISSN: 14337851 EISSN: None Source Type: Journal
DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801093 Document Type: Conference Paper

Times cited : (125)

References (82)

1
- 33750860386
- M. N. Baibich, J. M. Broto, A. Fert, F. Nguyen Van Dau, F. Petroff, P. Etienne, G. Creuzet, A. Friederich, J. Chazelas, Phys. Rev. Lett. 1988, 61, 2472.
- (1988) Phys. Rev. Lett , vol.61 , pp. 2472
- Baibich, M.N.¹ Broto, J.M.² Fert, A.³ Nguyen Van Dau, F.⁴ Petroff, F.⁵ Etienne, P.⁶ Creuzet, G.⁷ Friederich, A.⁸ Chazelas, J.⁹

2
- 4243497370
- G. Binasch, P. Grünberg, F. Saurenbach, W. Zinn, Phys. Rev. B 1989, 39, 4828.
- (1989) Phys. Rev. B , vol.39 , pp. 4828
- Binasch, G.¹ Grünberg, P.² Saurenbach, F.³ Zinn, W.⁴

3
- 0000794302
- F. Mott, Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A 1936, 153, 699.
- (1936) Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A , vol.153 , pp. 699
- Mott, F.¹

4
- 4043178958
- A. Fert, I. A. Campbell, Phys. Rev. Lett. 1968, 21, 1190;
- (1968) Phys. Rev. Lett , vol.21 , pp. 1190
- Fert, A.¹ Campbell, I.A.²

5
- 54949158950
- A. Fert, I. A. Campbell, J. Phys. 1971, 32, C1-46;
- (1971) J. Phys , vol.32
- Fert, A.¹ Campbell, I.A.²

6
- 36149038048
- A. Fert, I. A. Campbell, J. Phys. F 1976, 6, 849.
- (1976) J. Phys. F , vol.6 , pp. 849
- Fert, A.¹ Campbell, I.A.²

7
- 0000176109
- B. Loegel, F. Gautier, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 1971, 32, 2723.
- (1971) J. Phys. Chem. Solids , vol.32 , pp. 2723
- Loegel, B.¹ Gautier, F.²

8
- 53549124262
- The contribution of spin flips to spin mixing (i.e. to momentum exchange between the two channels, mainly through magnon scattering)[4] should not be confused with the contribution of spin flips to the relaxation of spin accumulation effects mainly through spin-lattice relaxation by spin-orbit interactions
- [4] should not be confused with the contribution of spin flips to the relaxation of spin accumulation effects (mainly through spin-lattice relaxation by spin-orbit interactions).

9
- 0000028962
- P. Grünberg, R. Schreiber, Y. Young, M. B. Brodsky, H. Sowers, Phys. Rev. Lett. 1986, 57, 2442.
- (1986) Phys. Rev. Lett , vol.57 , pp. 2442
- Grünberg, P.¹ Schreiber, R.² Young, Y.³ Brodsky, M.B.⁴ Sowers, H.⁵

10
- 21844454823
- R. E. Camley, J. Barnas, Phys. Rev. Lett. 1989, 63, 664.
- (1989) Phys. Rev. Lett , vol.63 , pp. 664
- Camley, R.E.¹ Barnas, J.²

11
- 2842610528
- P. M. Levy, S. Zhang, A. Fert, Phys. Rev. Lett. 1990, 65, 1643.
- (1990) Phys. Rev. Lett , vol.65 , pp. 1643
- Levy, P.M.¹ Zhang, S.² Fert, A.³

12
- 11944269751
- S. S. P. Parkin, N. More, K. P. Roche, Phys. Rev. Lett. 1990, 64, 2304.
- (1990) Phys. Rev. Lett , vol.64 , pp. 2304
- Parkin, S.S.P.¹ More, N.² Roche, K.P.³

13
- 77952828837
- T. Shinjo, H. Yamamoto, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 1990, 59, 3061.
- (1990) J. Phys. Soc. Jpn , vol.59 , pp. 3061
- Shinjo, T.¹ Yamamoto, H.²

14
- 36549100964
- C. Dupas, P. Beauvillain, C. Chappert, C. Chappert, J. P. Renard, F. Trigui, P. Veillet, E. Velu, D. Renard, J. Appl. Phys. 1990, 67, 5680.
- (1990) J. Appl. Phys , vol.67 , pp. 5680
- Dupas, C.¹ Beauvillain, P.² Chappert, C.³ Chappert, C.⁴ Renard, J.P.⁵ Trigui, F.⁶ Veillet, P.⁷ Velu, E.⁸ Renard, D.⁹

15
- 0026117580
- D. H. Mosca, F. Petroff, A. Fert, P. A. Schroeder, W. P. Pratt, R. Laloee, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1991, 94, L1.
- (1991) J. Magn. Magn. Mater , vol.94
- Mosca, D.H.¹ Petroff, F.² Fert, A.³ Schroeder, P.A.⁴ Pratt, W.P.⁵ Laloee, R.⁶

16
- 4243154767
- S. S. P. Parkin, R. Bhadra, K. P. Roche, Phys. Rev. Lett. 1991, 66, 2152.
- (1991) Phys. Rev. Lett , vol.66 , pp. 2152
- Parkin, S.S.P.¹ Bhadra, R.² Roche, K.P.³

17
- 30244560850
- B. Dieny, V. S. Speriosu, S. S. P. Parkin, B. A. Gurney, D. R. Wilhoit, D. Mauri, Phys. Rev. B 1991, 43, 1297.
- (1991) Phys. Rev. B , vol.43 , pp. 1297
- Dieny, B.¹ Speriosu, V.S.² Parkin, S.S.P.³ Gurney, B.A.⁴ Wilhoit, D.R.⁵ Mauri, D.⁶

18
- 53549093448
- Magnetic field sensor with ferromagnetic thin layers having magnetically antiparallel polarized components: P. Grünberg, US patent 4,949,039, 1990
- "Magnetic field sensor with ferromagnetic thin layers having magnetically antiparallel polarized components": P. Grünberg, US patent 4,949,039, 1990.

19
- 33645078618
- Eds, S. Maekawa, T. Shinjo, Taylor and Francis, London
- S. S. P. Parkin in Spin Dependent Transport in Magnetic Nanostructures (Eds.: S. Maekawa, T. Shinjo), Taylor and Francis, London, 2002, p. 237.
- (2002) Spin Dependent Transport in Magnetic Nanostructures , pp. 237
- Parkin, S.S.P.¹

20
- 35748965560
- C. Chappert, A. Fert, F. Nguyen Van Dau, Nat. Mater. 2007, 6, 813.
- (2007) Nat. Mater , vol.6 , pp. 813
- Chappert, C.¹ Fert, A.² Nguyen Van Dau, F.³

21
- 53549110645
- P. P. Freitas, H. Ferreira, D. Graham, L. Clarke, M. Amaral, V. Martins, L. Fonseca, J. S. Cabral, Europhys. News 2003, 34, 225.
- (2003) Europhys. News , vol.34 , pp. 225
- Freitas, P.P.¹ Ferreira, H.² Graham, D.³ Clarke, L.⁴ Amaral, M.⁵ Martins, V.⁶ Fonseca, L.⁷ Cabral, J.S.⁸

22
- 0007903076
- W. P. Pratt, Jr., S.-F. Lee, J. M. Slaughter, R. Loloee, P. A. Schroeder, J. Bass, Phys. Rev. Lett. 1991, 66, 3060;
- (1991) Phys. Rev. Lett , vol.66 , pp. 3060
- Pratt Jr., W.P.¹ Lee, S.-F.² Slaughter, J.M.³ Loloee, R.⁴ Schroeder, P.A.⁵ Bass, J.⁶

23
- 0033204825
- J. Bass, W. P. Pratt, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1999, 200, 274.
- (1999) J. Magn. Magn. Mater , vol.200 , pp. 274
- Bass, J.¹ Pratt, W.P.²

24
- 33646884918
- L. Piraux, J. M. George, J. F. Despres, C. Leroy, E. Ferain, R. Legras, K. Ounedjela, A. Fert, Appl. Phys. Lett. 1994, 65, 2484;
- (1994) Appl. Phys. Lett , vol.65 , pp. 2484
- Piraux, L.¹ George, J.M.² Despres, J.F.³ Leroy, C.⁴ Ferain, E.⁵ Legras, R.⁶ Ounedjela, K.⁷ Fert, A.⁸

25
- 0033204340
- A. Fert, L. Piraux, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1999, 200, 338.
- (1999) J. Magn. Magn. Mater , vol.200 , pp. 338
- Fert, A.¹ Piraux, L.²

26
- 0000675193
- T. Valet, A. Fert, Phys. Rev. B 1993, 48, 7099.
- (1993) Phys. Rev. B , vol.48 , pp. 7099
- Valet, T.¹ Fert, A.²

27
- 0037113467
- Z. G. Yu, M. E. Flatté, Phys. Rev. B 2002, 66, 201202.
- (2002) Phys. Rev. B , vol.66 , pp. 201202
- Yu, Z.G.¹ Flatté, M.E.²

28
- 34247859038
- A. Fert, J.-M. George, H. Jaffrès, R. Mattana, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 2007, 54, 921.
- (2007) IEEE Trans. Electron Devices , vol.54 , pp. 921
- Fert, A.¹ George, J.-M.² Jaffrès, H.³ Mattana, R.⁴

29
- 0009906761
- G. Schmidt, D. Ferrand, L. W. Molenkamp, A. T. Filip, B. J. van Wees, Phys. Rev. B 2000, 62, R4790.
- (2000) Phys. Rev. B , vol.62
- Schmidt, G.¹ Ferrand, D.² Molenkamp, L.W.³ Filip, A.T.⁴ van Wees, B.J.⁵

30
- 0034670796
- E. I. Rashba, Phys. Rev. B 2000, 62, R16267.
- (2000) Phys. Rev. B , vol.62
- Rashba, E.I.¹

31
- 0035509039
- A. Fert, H. Jaffrès, Phys. Rev. B 2001, 64, 184420.
- (2001) Phys. Rev. B , vol.64 , pp. 184420
- Fert, A.¹ Jaffrès, H.²

32
- 34547602940
- M. Jullière, Phys. Lett. A 1975, 54, 225.
- (1975) Phys. Lett. A , vol.54 , pp. 225
- Jullière, M.¹

33
- 11944262717
- J. S. Moodera, L. R. Kinder, T. M. Wong, R. Meservey, Phys. Rev. Lett. 1995, 74, 3273.
- (1995) Phys. Rev. Lett , vol.74 , pp. 3273
- Moodera, J.S.¹ Kinder, L.R.² Wong, T.M.³ Meservey, R.⁴

34
- 0029632353
- T. Miyazaki, N. Tezuka, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1995, 139, 231.
- (1995) J. Magn. Magn. Mater , vol.139 , pp. 231
- Miyazaki, T.¹ Tezuka, N.²

35
- 0035839920
- M. Bowen, V. Cros, F. Petroff, A. Fert, A. Cebollada, F. Briones, Appl. Phys. Lett. 2001, 79, 1655.
- (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett , vol.79 , pp. 1655
- Bowen, M.¹ Cros, V.² Petroff, F.³ Fert, A.⁴ Cebollada, A.⁵ Briones, F.⁶

36
- 10044257857
- S. Yuasa, T. Nagahama, A. Fukushima, Y. Suzuki, K. Ando, Nat. Mater. 2004, 3, 868.
- (2004) Nat. Mater , vol.3 , pp. 868
- Yuasa, S.¹ Nagahama, T.² Fukushima, A.³ Suzuki, Y.⁴ Ando, K.⁵

37
- 10044225881
- S. S. P. Parkin, C. Kaiser, A. Panchula, P. M. Rice, B. Hughes, M. Samant, S.-H. Yang, Nat. Mater. 2004, 3, 862.
- (2004) Nat. Mater , vol.3 , pp. 862
- Parkin, S.S.P.¹ Kaiser, C.² Panchula, A.³ Rice, P.M.⁴ Hughes, B.⁵ Samant, M.⁶ Yang, S.-H.⁷

38
- 34249688264
- Y. M. Lee, J. Hayakawa, S. Ikeda, F. Matsukura, H. Ohno, Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 90, 212507.
- (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett , vol.90 , pp. 212507
- Lee, Y.M.¹ Hayakawa, J.² Ikeda, S.³ Matsukura, F.⁴ Ohno, H.⁵

39
- 0000541159
- J. Mathon, A. Umerski, Phys. Rev. B 1999, 60, 1117.
- (1999) Phys. Rev. B , vol.60 , pp. 1117
- Mathon, J.¹ Umerski, A.²

40
- 0034227148
- P. Mavropoulos, N. Papanikolaou, P. H. Dederichs, Phys. Rev. Lett. 2000, 85, 1088.
- (2000) Phys. Rev. Lett , vol.85 , pp. 1088
- Mavropoulos, P.¹ Papanikolaou, N.² Dederichs, P.H.³

41
- 12244286077
- X.-G. Zhang, W. H. Butler, Phys. Rev. B 2004, 70, 172407.
- (2004) Phys. Rev. B , vol.70 , pp. 172407
- Zhang, X.-G.¹ Butler, W.H.²

42
- 28844491620
- J. P. Velev, K. D. Belashchenko, D. A. Stewart, M. van Schilfgaarde, S. S. Jaswal, E. Y. Tsymbal, Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 95, 216601;
- (2005) Phys. Rev. Lett , vol.95 , pp. 216601
- Velev, J.P.¹ Belashchenko, K.D.² Stewart, D.A.³ van Schilfgaarde, M.⁴ Jaswal, S.S.⁵ Tsymbal, E.Y.⁶

43
- 33646266523
- M. Bowen, A. Barthélémy, V. Bellini, M. Bibes, P. Seneor, E. Jacquet, J.-P. Contour, P. H. Dederichs, Phys. Rev. B 2006, 73, 140408.
- (2006) Phys. Rev. B , vol.73 , pp. 140408
- Bowen, M.¹ Barthélémy, A.² Bellini, V.³ Bibes, M.⁴ Seneor, P.⁵ Jacquet, E.⁶ Contour, J.-P.⁷ Dederichs, P.H.⁸

44
- 0344462722
- J. M. De Teresa, A. Bartheαlémy, A. Fert, J. P. Contour, F. Montaigne, A. Vaures, Science 1999, 286, 507.
- (1999) Science , vol.286 , pp. 507
- De Teresa, J.M.¹ Bartheαlémy, A.² Fert, A.³ Contour, J.P.⁴ Montaigne, F.⁵ Vaures, A.⁶

45
- 0037434212
- M. Bowen, M. Bibes, A. Barthélémy, J.-P. Contour, A. Anane, Y. Lemaitre, A. Fert, Appl. Phys. Lett. 2003, 82, 233.
- (2003) Appl. Phys. Lett , vol.82 , pp. 233
- Bowen, M.¹ Bibes, M.² Barthélémy, A.³ Contour, J.-P.⁴ Anane, A.⁵ Lemaitre, Y.⁶ Fert, A.⁷

46
- 33750913211
- T. Ishikawa, T. Marukame, H. Kijima, K.-I. Matsuda, T. Uemura, M. Arita, M. Yamamoto, Appl. Phys. Lett. 2006, 89, 192505.
- (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett , vol.89 , pp. 192505
- Ishikawa, T.¹ Marukame, T.² Kijima, H.³ Matsuda, K.-I.⁴ Uemura, T.⁵ Arita, M.⁶ Yamamoto, M.⁷

47
- 79955984736
- P. Leclair, J. K. Ha, J. M. Swagten, J. T. Kohlhepp, C. H. Van de Vin, W. J. M. de Jonge, Appl. Phys. Lett. 2002, 80, 625.
- (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett , vol.80 , pp. 625
- Leclair, P.¹ Ha, J.K.² Swagten, J.M.³ Kohlhepp, J.T.⁴ Van de Vin, C.H.⁵ de Jonge, W.J.M.⁶

48
- 34648833760
- A. V. Ramos et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 91, 122107.
- (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett , vol.91 , pp. 122107
- Ramos, A.V.¹

49
- 34047171918
- M. Gajek, M. Bibes, S. Fusil, K. Bouzehouane, J. Fontcuberta, A. Barthélémy, A. Fert, Nat. Mater. 2007, 6, 296.
- (2007) Nat. Mater , vol.6 , pp. 296
- Gajek, M.¹ Bibes, M.² Fusil, S.³ Bouzehouane, K.⁴ Fontcuberta, J.⁵ Barthélémy, A.⁶ Fert, A.⁷

50
- 0030174367
- J. C. Slonczewski, J. Magn. Mater. 1996, 159, L1.
- (1996) J. Magn. Mater , vol.159
- Slonczewski, J.C.¹

51
- 0001317947
- L. Berger, Phys. Rev. B 1996, 54, 9353.
- (1996) Phys. Rev. B , vol.54 , pp. 9353
- Berger, L.¹

52
- 4143078433
- M. Tsoi, A. G. M. Jansen, J. Bass, W. C. Chiang, V. Tsoi, M. Seck, P. Wyder, Phys. Rev. Lett. 1998, 80, 4281.
- (1998) Phys. Rev. Lett , vol.80 , pp. 4281
- Tsoi, M.¹ Jansen, A.G.M.² Bass, J.³ Chiang, W.C.⁴ Tsoi, V.⁵ Seck, M.⁶ Wyder, P.⁷

53
- 0141636577
- J. A. Katine, F. J. Albert, R. A. Buhrman, E. B. Myers, D. C. Ralph, Phys. Rev. Lett. 2000, 84, 3149.
- (2000) Phys. Rev. Lett , vol.84 , pp. 3149
- Katine, J.A.¹ Albert, F.J.² Buhrman, R.A.³ Myers, E.B.⁴ Ralph, D.C.⁵

54
- 0035806088
- J. Grollier, V. Cros, A. Hanzic, J. M. George, H. Jaffres, A. Fert, G. Faini, J. Ben Youssef, H. Le Gall, Appl. Phys. Lett. 2001, 78, 3663;
- (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett , vol.78 , pp. 3663
- Grollier, J.¹ Cros, V.² Hanzic, A.³ George, J.M.⁴ Jaffres, H.⁵ Fert, A.⁶ Faini, G.⁷ Ben Youssef, J.⁸ Le Gall, H.⁹

55
- 53549105943
- Ph.D. thesis, Université Paris-Sud
- J. Grollier, Ph.D. thesis, Université Paris-Sud, 2003.
- (2003)
- Grollier, J.¹

56
- 33144463928
- M. Elsen, O. Boulle, J.-M. George, H. Jaffrès, V. Cros, A. Fert, A. Lemaître, R. Giraud, G. Faini, Phys. Rev. B 2006, 73, 035303.
- (2006) Phys. Rev. B , vol.73 , pp. 035303
- Elsen, M.¹ Boulle, O.² George, J.-M.³ Jaffrès, H.⁴ Cros, V.⁵ Fert, A.⁶ Lemaître, A.⁷ Giraud, R.⁸ Faini, G.⁹

57
- 31844438488
- J. Hayakawa, S. Ikeda, Y. M. Lee, R. Sasaki, T. Meguro, F. Matsukura, H. Takahashi, H. Ohno, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 2 2005, 44, L1267.
- (2005) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 2 , vol.44
- Hayakawa, J.¹ Ikeda, S.² Lee, Y.M.³ Sasaki, R.⁴ Meguro, T.⁵ Matsukura, F.⁶ Takahashi, H.⁷ Ohno, H.⁸

58
- 4143090739
- W. H. Rippard, M. R. Pufall, S. Kaka, S. E. Russek, T. J. Silva, Phys. Rev. Lett. 2004, 92, 027201.
- (2004) Phys. Rev. Lett , vol.92 , pp. 027201
- Rippard, W.H.¹ Pufall, M.R.² Kaka, S.³ Russek, S.E.⁴ Silva, T.J.⁵

59
- 26944434408
- Eds, B. Hillebrands, A. Thiaville, Springer, Berlin
- M. D. Stiles, J. Miltat in Spin Dynamics in Confined Magnetic Structures III (Eds.: B. Hillebrands, A. Thiaville), Springer, Berlin, 2006.
- (2006) Spin Dynamics in Confined Magnetic Structures III
- Stiles, M.D.¹ Miltat, J.²

60
- 0036606236
- J. C. Slonczewski, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 2002, 247, 324.
- (2002) J. Magn. Magn. Mater , vol.247 , pp. 324
- Slonczewski, J.C.¹

61
- 0036967533
- A. A. Kovalev, A. Brattas, G. E. W. Bauer, Phys. Rev. B 2002, 66, 224424.
- (2002) Phys. Rev. B , vol.66 , pp. 224424
- Kovalev, A.A.¹ Brattas, A.² Bauer, G.E.W.³

62
- 33644934914
- J. Barnas, A. Fert, M. Gmitra, I. Weymann, V. K. Dugaev, Phys. Rev. B 2005, 72, 024426.
- (2005) Phys. Rev. B , vol.72 , pp. 024426
- Barnas, J.¹ Fert, A.² Gmitra, M.³ Weymann, I.⁴ Dugaev, V.K.⁵

63
- 34547284727
- O. Boulle, V. Cros, J. Grollier, L. G. Pereira, C. Deranlot, F. Petroff, G. Faini, J. Barnaś, A. Fert, Nat. Phys. 2007, 3, 492;
- (2007) Nat. Phys , vol.3 , pp. 492
- Boulle, O.¹ Cros, V.² Grollier, J.³ Pereira, L.G.⁴ Deranlot, C.⁵ Petroff, F.⁶ Faini, G.⁷ Barnaś, J.⁸ Fert, A.⁹

64
- 53549096923
- PhD thesis, Université Paris-Sud
- O. Boulle, PhD thesis, Université Paris-Sud, 2006.
- (2006)
- Boulle, O.¹

65
- 27744604432
- S. Kaka, M. R. Pufall, W. H. Rippard, T. J. Silva, S. E. Russek, J. A. Katine, Nature 2005, 437, 389.
- (2005) Nature , vol.437 , pp. 389
- Kaka, S.¹ Pufall, M.R.² Rippard, W.H.³ Silva, T.J.⁴ Russek, S.E.⁵ Katine, J.A.⁶

66
- 27744592659
- F. B. Mancoff, N. D. Rizzo, B. N. Engel, S. Tehrani, Nature 2005, 437, 393.
- (2005) Nature , vol.437 , pp. 393
- Mancoff, F.B.¹ Rizzo, N.D.² Engel, B.N.³ Tehrani, S.⁴

67
- 33644559678
- J. Grollier, V. Cros, A. Fert, Phys. Rev. B 2006, 73, 060409.
- (2006) Phys. Rev. B , vol.73 , pp. 060409
- Grollier, J.¹ Cros, V.² Fert, A.³

68
- 33846560346
- Eds, D. L. Mills, J. A. C. Bland, Elsevier, Dordrecht
- B. T. Jonker, M. E. Flatté in Nanomagnetism (Eds.: D. L. Mills, J. A. C. Bland), Elsevier, Dordrecht, 2006, p. 227.
- (2006) Nanomagnetism , pp. 227
- Jonker, B.T.¹ Flatté, M.E.²

69
- 33847377540
- D. D. Awschalom, M. E. Flatté, Nat. Phys. 2007, 3, 153.
- (2007) Nat. Phys , vol.3 , pp. 153
- Awschalom, D.D.¹ Flatté, M.E.²

70
- 1942449168
- S. Datta, B. Das, Appl. Phys. Lett. 1990, 56, 665.
- (1990) Appl. Phys. Lett , vol.56 , pp. 665
- Datta, S.¹ Das, B.²

71
- 19544377973
- J. Stephens, J. Berezovsky, J. P. McGuire, L. J. Sham, A. C. Gossard, D. D. Awschalom, Phys. Rev. Lett. 2004, 93, 097602.
- (2004) Phys. Rev. Lett , vol.93 , pp. 097602
- Stephens, J.¹ Berezovsky, J.² McGuire, J.P.³ Sham, L.J.⁴ Gossard, A.C.⁵ Awschalom, D.D.⁶

72
- 0009501328
- H. Ohno, A. Shen, F. Matsukura, A. Oiwa, A. Endo, S. Katsumoto, Y. Iye, Appl. Phys. Lett. 1996, 69, 363.
- (1996) Appl. Phys. Lett , vol.69 , pp. 363
- Ohno, H.¹ Shen, A.² Matsukura, F.³ Oiwa, A.⁴ Endo, A.⁵ Katsumoto, S.⁶ Iye, Y.⁷

73
- 10344244030
- Y. Kato, R. C. Myers, A. C. Gossard, D. D. Awschalom, Science 2004, 306, 1910.
- (2004) Science , vol.306 , pp. 1910
- Kato, Y.¹ Myers, R.C.² Gossard, A.C.³ Awschalom, D.D.⁴

74
- 3042802951
- S. Zhang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 2000, 85, 393.
- (2000) Phys. Rev. Lett , vol.85 , pp. 393
- Zhang, S.¹

75
- 38949129028
- M. König, S. Wiedmann, C. Brüne, A. Roth, H. Buhmann, L. W. Molenkamp, X.-L. Qi, S.-C. Zhang, Science 2007, 318, 766.
- (2007) Science , vol.318 , pp. 766
- König, M.¹ Wiedmann, S.² Brüne, C.³ Roth, A.⁴ Buhmann, H.⁵ Molenkamp, L.W.⁶ Qi, X.-L.⁷ Zhang, S.-C.⁸

76
- 36649002041
- L. Vila, T. Kjimura, Y. Otani, Phys. Rev. Lett. 2007, 99, 226604.
- (2007) Phys. Rev. Lett , vol.99 , pp. 226604
- Vila, L.¹ Kjimura, T.² Otani, Y.³

77
- 38549163831
- T. Seki, Y. Hasegawa, S. Mitani, S. Takahashi, H. Imamura, S. Maekawa, J. Nitta, K. Takanashi, Nat. Mater. 2008, 7, 125.
- (2008) Nat. Mater , vol.7 , pp. 125
- Seki, T.¹ Hasegawa, Y.² Mitani, S.³ Takahashi, S.⁴ Imamura, H.⁵ Maekawa, S.⁶ Nitta, J.⁷ Takanashi, K.⁸

78
- 0019623445
- A. Fert, A. Friederich, A. Hamzic, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1981, 24, 231.
- (1981) J. Magn. Magn. Mater , vol.24 , pp. 231
- Fert, A.¹ Friederich, A.² Hamzic, A.³

79
- 0037526651
- R. Mattana, J.-M. George, H. Jaffrès, F. Nguyen Van Dau, A. Fert, B. Lépine, A. Guivarch, G. Jézéquel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 2003, 90, 166601.
- (2003) Phys. Rev. Lett , vol.90 , pp. 166601
- Mattana, R.¹ George, J.-M.² Jaffrès, H.³ Nguyen Van Dau, F.⁴ Fert, A.⁵ Lépine, B.⁶ Guivarch, A.⁷ Jézéquel, G.⁸

80
- 33749989400
- B.-C. Min, K. Motohashi, C. Lodder, R. Jansen, Nat. Mater. 2006, 5, 817.
- (2006) Nat. Mater , vol.5 , pp. 817
- Min, B.-C.¹ Motohashi, K.² Lodder, C.³ Jansen, R.⁴

81
- 33751289640
- A. Cottet, T. Kontos, S. Sahoo, H. T. Man, W. Belzig, C. Bruder, C. Schönenberger, Semocond. Sci. Technol. 2006, 21, 578.
- (2006) Semocond. Sci. Technol , vol.21 , pp. 578
- Cottet, A.¹ Kontos, T.² Sahoo, S.³ Man, H.T.⁴ Belzig, W.⁵ Bruder, C.⁶ Schönenberger, C.⁷

82
- 33846487808
- L. E. Hueso, J. M. Pruneda, V. Ferrari, G. Burnell, J. P. Valdes-Herrera, B. D. Simmons, P. B. Littlewood, E. Artacho, A. Fert, N. D. Mathur, Nature 2007, 445, 410-413.
- (2007) Nature , vol.445 , pp. 410-413
- Hueso, L.E.¹ Pruneda, J.M.² Ferrari, V.³ Burnell, G.⁴ Valdes-Herrera, J.P.⁵ Simmons, B.D.⁶ Littlewood, P.B.⁷ Artacho, E.⁸ Fert, A.⁹ Mathur, N.D.¹⁰

* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.