Progress on the photoresponse of chalcogenide glasses and films to near-infrared femtosecond laser irradiation: A review

IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics

Volumn 14, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 1323-1334

  Petit, Laeticia ^a   Carlie, Nathan ^a   Anderson, Troy ^b   Choi, Jiyeon ^b   Richardson, Martin ^b   Richardson, Kathleen C ^a  

^a AMRL   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA   (United States)

Author keywords

Chalcogenide glasses (ChGs); Femtosecond near infrared (NIR) laser irradiation; Micro Raman spectroscopy; Photoexpansion; Photosensitivity; Refractive index modification

Indexed keywords

CHEMICAL MODIFICATION; FORMING; GERMANIUM; INFRARED DEVICES; IRRADIATION; LASERS; NETWORK PROTOCOLS; OPTICAL PROPERTIES; PULSED LASER APPLICATIONS; REFRACTIVE INDEX; SENSOR NETWORKS; THREE DIMENSIONAL; ULTRASHORT PULSES;

CHALCOGENIDE GLASSES (CHGS); FEMTOSECOND NEAR-INFRARED (NIR) LASER IRRADIATION; MICRO-RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOEXPANSION; PHOTOSENSITIVITY; REFRACTIVE INDEX MODIFICATION;

GLASS;

EID: 53349147917     PISSN: 1077260X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2008.922898     Document Type: Review

References (67)

1. 2 with pulse widths from 7 ns to 150 fs," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 64, pp. 3071-3073, 1994.
2. E. N. Glezer and E. Mazur, "Ultrafast-laser driven micro-explosions in transparent materials," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 71, pp. 882-884, 1997.
3. K. Hirao and K. Miura, "Writing waveguides and gratings in silica and related materials by a femtosecond laser," J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 239, no. 1, pp. 91-95, 1998.
4. S. R. Ovshinsky and H. Fritzsche, "Amorphous semiconductors for switching, memory, and imaging applications," IEEE Trans. Electron. Devices, vol. ED-20, no. 2, pp. 91-104, Feb. 1973.
5. A. E. Owen, A. P. Firth, and P. J. S. Ewen, "Photo-induced structural and physico-chemical changes in amorphous chalcogenide semiconductors," Philos. Mag. B, vol. 52, pp. 347-362, 1985.
6. L. Petit, N. Carlie, T. Anderson, M. Couzi, J. Choi, M. Richardson, and K. Richardson, "Effect of IR femtosecond laser irradiation on the structure of new sulfo-selenide glasses," Opt. Mater:, vol. 29, pp. 1075-1083, 2007.
7. S. H. Messaddeq, M. S. Li, D. Lezal, S. J. L. Ribeiro, and Y. Messaddeq, "Above bandgap induced photoexpansion and photobleaching in Ga-Ge-S based glasses," J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 284, pp. 282-287, 2001.
8. S. H. Messaddeq, V. R. Matestelaro, M. S. Li, M. Tabackniks, D. Lezal, A. Ramos, and Y. Messaddeq, "The influence of oxygen in the photoexpansion of GaGeS glasses," Appl. Surf. Sci., vol. 205, pp. 143-150, 2003.
9. S. H. Messaddeq, V. K. Tikhomirov, Y. Messaddeq, D. Lezal, and M. S. Li, "Light-induced relief gratings and a mechanism of metastable light-induced expansion in chalcogenide glasses," Phys. Rev. B, Condens. Matter, vol. 63, pp. 224203-1-224203-5, 2001.
10. Y. Kuzukawa, A. Ganjoo, and K. Shimakawa, "Photo-induced structural changes in obliquely deposited As- and Ge-based amorphous chalcogenides: Correlation between changes in thickness and band gap," J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 227-230, pp. 715-718, 1998.
11. K. Shimakawa, N. Yoshida, A Ganjoo, and Y. Kuzukawa, "A model for the photostructural changes in amorphous chalcogenides," Philos. Mag. Lett., vol. 77, no. 3, pp. 153-158, 1998.
12. M. Nessa, K. Shimagawa, A. Ganjoo, and J. Singh, "Fundamental optical absorption on fractals: A case example for amorphous chalcogenide," /. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 133-138, 2000.
13. A. Ganjoo, H. Jain, C. Yu, R. Song, J. V. Ryan, J. Irudayaraj, Y. J. Ding, and C. G. Pantano, "Planar chalcogenide glass aveguide for IR evanescent wave sensor," J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 352, pp. 584-588, 2006.
14. 2 by in situ EXAFS," Phys. Chem. Glasses: Eur. J. Glass Sci. Technol. B, vol. 47, pp. 177-181, 2006.
15. 64 amorphous films - Radial distribution function study," Mater: Res. Bull., vol. 43, pp. 1355-1362, 2008.
16. C. Lopez, "Evaluation of the photo-induced structural mechanisms in chalcogenide glass," Ph.D. dissertation, College Opt. Photonics, Univ. Central Florida, Orlando, 2004.
17. A. Zoubir, "Towards direct writing of 3-D photonic circuits using ultrafast lasers," Ph.D. dissertation, College Opt. Photonics, Univ. Central Florida, Orlando, 2004.
18. R. A. Street, "Non-radiative recombination in chalcogenide glasses," Solid State Commun., vol. 24, pp. 363-365, 1977.
19. x," J. Phys. Chem. Solids, vol. 66, pp. 1788-1794, 2005.
20. x," J. Non-Cryst Solids, vol. 352, pp. 5413-5420, 2006.
21. J.-F. Viens, C. Meneghini, A. Villeneuve, T. V. Galstian, E. J. Knystaunas, M. A. Duguay, K. A. Richardson, and T. Cardinal, "Fabrication and characterization of integrated optical waveguides in sulfide chalcogenide glasses," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 1184-1190, Jul. 1999.
22. C. C. Huang, D. W. Hewak, and J. V. Badding, "Deposition and characterization of germanium sulphide glass planar waveguides," Opt. Exp., vol. 12, pp. 2501-2506, 2004.
23. 3 thin films for optical waveguide fabrication," J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A, vol. 23, pp. 1626-1632, 2005.
24. K. M. Davis, K. Miura, N. Sugimoto, and K. Hirao, "Writing waveguides in glass with a femtosecond laser," Opt. Lett., vol. 21, pp. 1729-1731, 1996.
25. D. Homoelle, S. Wielandy, A. L. Gaeta, N. F. Borrelli, and C. Smith, "Infrared photosensitivity in silica glasses exposed to femtosecond laser pulses," Opt. Lett., vol. 24, pp. 1311-1313, 1999.
26. S. Nolte, M. Will, J. Burghoff, and A. Tuennermann, "Femtosecond waveguide writing: A new avenue to three-dimensional integrated optics," Appl. Phys. A, Solids Surf., vol. 77, pp. 109-111, 2003.
27. K. Minoshima, A. M. Kowalevicz, I. Hartl, E. P. Ippen, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Photonic device fabrication in glass by use of nonlinear materials processing with a femtosecond laser oscillator," Opt. Lett., vol. 26, pp. 1516-1518, 2001.
28. J. Qiu, K. Miura, and K. Hirao, "Femtosecond laser-induced microfeatures in glasses and their applications," J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 354, pp. 1100-1111, 2008.
29. B. N. Chickov, C. Momma, S. Nolte, F. V. Alvensleben, and A. Turnermann, "Femtosecond, picosecond and nanosecond laser ablation of solids," Appl. Phys. A, Solids Surf., vol. 63, pp. 109-115, 1996.
30. D. Krol, "Femtosecond laser modification of glass," J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 354, pp. 416-424, 2008.
31. C. B. Schaffer, A. Brodeur, J. F. Garcia, and E. Mazur, "Micromachining bulk glass by use of femtosecond laser pulses with nanojoule energy," Opt. Lett., vol. 26, pp. 93-95, 2001.
32. 3 films," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 47, pp. 726-729, 1982.
33. J. Dresner and G. B. Stringfellow, "Electronic processes in the photocrystallization of vitreous selenium," J. Phys. Chem. Solids, vol. 29, pp. 303-304, 1968.
34. V. K. Tikhomirov, G. J. Adriaenssens, and S. R. Elliot, "Temperature dependence of the photoinduced anisotropy in chalcogenide glasses: Activation energies and their interpretation," Phys. Rev. B, Condens. Matter, vol. 55, pp. R660-R663, 1997.
35. K. Tanaka and S Nakayama, "Where is the mobility edge in amorphous semiconductors'?," J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 5-11, 2000.
36. 3," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 42, pp. 4908-4916, 1971.
37. 3 films," J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 13, pp. 191-223, 1974.
38. 3 films on the urbach absorption edge," Sov. Phys. Solid State, vol. 26, pp. 1331-1337, 1984.
39. 3 films," Solid State Commun., vol. 34, pp. 201-204, 1980.
40. xSe," J. Phys. Colloques, vol. 42, pp. 391-394, 1981.
41. A. V. Kolobov, B. T. Kolomiets, O. V. Konstantinov, and V. M. Lyubin, "A model of photostructural changes in chalcogenide vitreous semiconductors: Part 1. Theoretical considerations," J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 45, pp. 335-341, 1981.
42. 3 : A reflectance-difference study," Phys. Rev. B, Condens. Matter, vol. 55, pp. 8788-8792, 1997.
43. 2," J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 90, pp. 533-536, 1987.
44. S. R. Elliott, "A unified model for reversible photostructural effects in chalcogenide glasses," J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 81, pp. 71-98, 1986.
45. J. M. Lee, M. A. Paessler, and D. E. Sayers, "Kinetic X-ray absorption studies and computer structural modelling of photo-darkening in amorphous arsenic sulfide," J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 123, pp. 295-309, 1990.
46. H. Fritzsche, "The origin of reversible and irreversible photostructural changes in chalcogenide glasses," Philos. Mag. B, vol. 68, no. 4, pp. 561-572, 1993.
47. R. Zallen, The Physics of Amorphous Solids. New York: Wiley, 1983, pp. 135-205.
48. 3 glass under sub-bandgap excitation," J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 198-200, pp. 714-718, 1996.
49. 3 glass," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 45, no. 3A, pp. 1668-1674, 2006.
50. P. Loeffler, T. Schwarz, H. Sautterm, and D. Lezal, "Structural changes of GeGaS bulk glasses induced by UV exposure," J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 232-234, pp. 526-531, 1998.
51. A. Zoubir, M. Richardson, C. Rivero, C. Lopez, N. Ho, R. Vallee, and K. A. Richardson, "Trends in optics and photonics series," in Proc. Conf. Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), 2002, vol. 73, pp. 125-126.
52. 3 thin films," Opt. Lett., vol. 29, pp. 748-750, 2004.
53. 3 amorphous films," J. Non-Cryst Solids, vol. 192/193, pp. 657-660, 1995.
54. 3 thin films," Philos. Mag. B, vol. 50, pp. 463-475, 1984.
55. A. Schulte, C. Rivero, K. Richardson, K. Turcotte, V. Hamel, A. Villeneuve, T. Galstian, and R. Vallee, "Bulk-film structural differences of chalcogenide glasses probed in situ by near-infrared waveguide Raman spectroscopy," Opt. Commun., vol. 198, pp. 125-128, 2001.
56. 3 glass," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 65, pp. 925-927, 1994.
57. 3 chalcogenide glasses," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 85, pp. 4112-4115, 2000.
58. R. Swanepoel, "Determination of the thickness and optical constants of amorphous silicon," J. Phys. E: Sci. Instrum., vol. 16, pp. 1214-1222, 1983.
59. E. Hajto, P. J. S. Ewen, and A. E. Owen, "Linear and nonlinear optical properties of chalcogenide glasses," J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 164/166, pp. 901-904, 1993.
60. K. Tanaka, "Reversible photostructural change: Mechanisms, properties and applications," J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 35-36, pp. 1023-1034, 1980.
61. C. Julien, S. Barnier, M. Massot, N. Chbani, X. Cai, A. M. Loireau-Lozac'h, and M. Guittard, "Raman and infrared spectroscopic studies of Ge-Ga-Ag sulphide glasses," Mater: Sci. Eng. B, vol. 22, pp. 191-200, 1994.
62. 2 system," J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 324, pp. 264-276, 2003.
63. 3 glass system," J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 256/257, pp. 266-270, 1999.
64. 60 glasses," J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 293-295, pp. S80-S85, 2001.
65. D. Arsova, E. Skordeva, V. Pamukchieva, and E. Vateva, "Photoinduced changes in Ge-As-S thin films with various network rigidities," J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater., vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 1259-1264, 2005.
66. 82 modified by high-energy gamma-irradiation," Phys. B, vol. 371, pp. 323-326, 2006.
67. g chalcogenide materials," Ph.D. dissertation, NYS College Ceramics, Alfred Univ., Alfred, NY, 1992.