The metabolic syndrome and the risk of arterial and venous thrombosis

Thrombosis Research

Volumn 122, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 727-735

  Franchini, Massimo ^a   Targher, Giovanni ^b   Montagnana, Martina ^c   Lippi, Giuseppe ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF VERONA   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF VERONA   (Italy)

^c Istituto di Chimica   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABDOMINAL OBESITY; ARTERY THROMBOSIS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; DYSLIPIDEMIA; ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION; FOLLOW UP; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HUMAN; HYPERCOAGULABILITY; HYPERTENSION; INSULIN RESISTANCE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; THROMBOCYTE ACTIVATION; VEIN THROMBOSIS;

BLOOD COAGULATION DISORDERS; ENDOTHELIUM, VASCULAR; HUMANS; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; PLATELET ACTIVATION; RISK FACTORS; VENOUS THROMBOSIS;

EID: 52149093835     PISSN: 00493848     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2007.09.010     Document Type: Review

References (68)

1. Prandoni P. Venous thromboembolism and atherosclerosis: is there a link?. Thromb Haemost 5 Suppl. 1 (2007) 270-275
2. Agnelli C., and Becattini C. Venous thromboembolism and atherosclerosis: common denominators or different diseases?. Thromb Haemost 4 (2006) 1886-1890
3. Prandoni P. Links between arterial and venous disease. J Intern Med 262 (2007) 341-350
4. Lowe G.D.O. Arterial disease and venous thrombosis: are they related, and if so, what should we do about it?. Thromb Haemost 4 (2006) 1882-1885
5. Ageno W., Prandoni P., Romualdi E., Ghirarduzzi A., Dentali F., Pesavento R., et al. The metabolic syndrome and the risk of venous thrombosis: a case-control study. Thromb Haemost 4 9 (2006) 1914-1918
6. Ay C., Tengler T., Vormittag R., Simanek R., Dorda W., Vukovich T., et al. Venous thromboembolism - a manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Haematologica 92 3 (2007) 374-380
7. Ambrosetti M., Ageno W., Salerno M., Pedretti R.F., and Salerno-Uriarte J.A. Metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for deep vein thrombosis after acute cardiac conditions. Thromb Res (2007 May 16) 10.1016/j.thromres.2007.02.005 [Electronic publication ahead of print]
8. Eckel R.H., Grundy S.M., and Zimmet P.Z. The metabolic syndrome. Lancet 365 9468 (2005) 1415-1428
9. WHO Consultation. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus (1999), World Health Organization, Geneva
10. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 285 19 (2001) 2486-2497
11. Grundy S.M., Cleeman J.I., Daniels S.R., Donato K.A., Eckel R.H., Franklin B.A., et al. American Heart Association; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Circulation 112 17 (2005) 2735-2752
12. Alberti K.G., Zimmet P., and Shaw J. IDF Epidemiology Task Force Consensus Group. The metabolic syndrome - a new worldwide definition. Lancet 366 9491 (2005) 1059-1062
13. Ford E.S. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome defined by the International Diabetes Federation among adults in the U.S. Diabetes Care 28 11 (2005) 2745-2749
14. Palomo I., Alarcon M., Moore-Carrasco R., and Argiles J.M. Hemostasis alterations in metabolic syndrome. Int J Mol Med 18 5 (2006) 969-974
15. Bonetti P.O., Lerman L.O., and Lerman A. Endothelial dysfunction: a marker of atherosclerotic risk. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 23 2 (2003) 168-175
16. Sobel B.E., and Schneider D.J. Platelet function, coagulopathy, and impaired fibrinolysis in diabetes. Cardiol Clin 22 4 (2004) 511-526
17. Nieuwdorp M., Stroes E.S., Meijers J.C., and Büller H. Hypercoagulability in the metabolic syndrome. Curr Opin Pharmacol 5 2 (2005) 155-159
18. Du X.L., Edelstein D., Dimmeler S., Ju Q., Sui C., and Brownlee M. Hyperglycemia inhibits endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity by posttranslational modification at the Akt site. J Clin Invest 108 9 (2001) 1341-1348
19. Li H., and Forstermann U. Nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of vascular disease. J Pathol 190 3 (2000) 244-254
20. Han S.H., Quon M.J., and Koh K.K. Reciprocal relationships between abnormal metabolic parameters and endothelial dysfunction. Curr Opin Lipidol 18 1 (2007) 58-65
21. Ferroni P., Basili S., Falco A., and Davi G. Inflammation, insulin resistance, and obesity. Curr Atheroscler Rep 6 6 (2004) 424-431
22. Trayhurn P., and Beattie J.H. Physiological role of adipose tissue: white adipose tissue as an endocrine and secretory organ. Proc Nutr Soc 60 (2001) 329-339
23. Wassink A.M., Olijhoek J.K., and Visseren F.L. The metabolic syndrome: metabolic changes with vascular consequences. Eur J Clin Investig 37 1 (2007) 8-17
24. Chu N.F., Spiegelman D., Hotamisligil G.S., Rifai N., Stampfer M., and Rimm E.B. Plasma insulin, leptin, and soluble TNF receptors levels in relation to obesity-related atherogenic and thrombogenic cardiovascular disease risk factors among men. Atherosclerosis 157 2 (2001) 495-503
25. Yudkin J.S., Stehouwer C.D., Emeis J.J., and Coppack S.W. C-reactive protein in healthy subjects: associations with obesity, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction: a potential role for cytokines originating from adipose tissue?. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 19 4 (1999) 972-978
26. Weisberg S.P., McCann D., Desai M., Rosenbaum M., Leibel R.L., and Ferrante Jr. A.W. Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue. J Clin Invest 112 12 (2003) 1796-1808
27. Serebruany V.L., Malinin A., Ong S., and Atar D. Patients with metabolic syndrome exhibit higher platelet activity than those with conventional risk factors for vascular disease. J Thromb Thrombolysis 24 1 (2007) 1-6
28. Anfossi G., and Trovati M. Pathophysiology of platelet resistance to anti-aggregating agents in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes: implications for anti-aggregating therapy. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem 4 2 (2006) 111-128
29. Olufadi R., and Byrne C.D. Effects of VLDL and remnant particles on platelets. Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb 35 3-4 (2006) 281-291
30. Brownlee M., and Cerami A. The biochemistry of the complications of diabetes mellitus. Annu Rev Biochem Allied Res India 50 (1981) 385-432
31. Bern M.M. Platelet function in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 27 3 (1978) 342-350
32. Tavil Y., Sen N., Yazici H.U., Hizal F., Abaci A., and Cengel A. Mean platelet volume in patients with metabolic syndrome and its relationship with coronary artery disease. Thromb Res 120 2 (2007) 245-250
33. Demirtunc R., Duman D., and Basar M. Effects of doxazosin and amlodipine on mean platelet volume and serum serotonin level in patients with metabolic syndrome: a randomised, controlled study. Clin Drug Investig 27 6 (2007) 435-441
34. Diamant M., Nieuwland R., Pablo R.F., Sturk A., Smit J.W., and Radder J.K. Elevated numbers of tissue-factor exposing microparticles correlate with components of the metabolic syndrome in uncomplicated type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation 106 19 (2002) 2442-2447
35. Anand S.S., Yi Q., Gerstein H., Lonn E., Jacobs R., Vuksan V., Teo K., Davis B., Montague P., and Yusuf S. Study of Health Assessment and Risk in Ethnic Groups; Study of Health Assessment and Risk Evaluation in Aboriginal Peoples Investigators. Relationship of metabolic syndrome and fibrinolytic dysfunction to cardiovascular disease. Circulation 108 4 (2003) 420-425
36. Grant P.J. Diabetes mellitus as a prothrombotic condition. J Intern Med 262 2 (2007) 157-172
37. Trost S., Pratley R., and Sobel B. Impaired fibrinolysis and risk for cardiovascular disease in the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Curr Diab Rep 6 1 (2006) 47-54
38. Sobel B.E. Increased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and vasculopathy: a reconcilable paradox. Circulation 99 19 (1999) 2496-2498
39. Targher G. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the metabolic syndrome and the risk of cardiovascular disease: the plot thickens. Diabet Med submitted for publication;24(1):1-6.
40. Aubert H., Frere C., Aillaud M.F., Morange P.E., Juhan-Vague I., and Alessi M.C. Weak and non-independent association between plasma TAFI antigen levels and the insulin resistance syndrome. Thromb Haemost 1 4 (2003) 791-797
41. Devaraj S., Rosenson R.S., and Jialal I. Metabolic syndrome: an appraisal of the pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulant status. Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am 33 2 (2004) 431-453
42. Cigolini M., Targher G., Seidell J.C., Schiavon R., Tonoli M., Muggeo M., and De Sandre G. Plasma factor VII and its relation to adipose tissue fatty acids and other atherogenic risk factors in healthy men. Eur J Clin Invest 26 (1996) 247-253
43. Kopp C.W., Kopp H.P., Steiner S., Kriwanek S., Krzyzanowska K., Bartok A., Roka R., Minar E., and Schernthaner G. Weight loss reduces tissue factor in morbidly obese patients. Obes Res 11 8 (2003) 950-956
44. Mills J.D., Mansfield M.W., and Grant P.J. Factor XIII-circulating levels and the Val34Leu polymorphism in the healthy male relatives of patients with severe coronary artery disease. Thromb Haemost 87 3 (2002) 409-414
45. Lansbury A.J., Grant P.J., and Catto A.J. Atherothrombotic risk factors in subjects with a family history of stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis 14 3-4 (2002) 153-160
46. Arteaga R.B., Chirinos J.A., Soriano A.O., Jy W., Horstman L., Jimenez J.J., Mendez A., Ferreira A., de Marchena E., and Ahn Y.S. Endothelial microparticles and platelet and leukocyte activation in patients with the metabolic syndrome. Am J Cardiol 98 1 (2006) 70-74
47. Targher G., Bonadonna R.C., Alberiche M., Zenere M.B., Muggeo M., and Bonora E. Relationship between soluble adhesion molecules and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic individuals. Role of adipose tissue. Diabetes Care 24 (2001) 1961-1966
48. Carr M.E. Diabetes mellitus: a hypercoagulable state. J Diabetes its Complicat 15 1 (2001) 44-54
49. Morange P.E., Renucci J.F., Charles M.A., Aillaud M.F., Giraud F., Grimaux M., and Juhan-Vague I. Plasma levels of free and total TFPI, relationship with cardiovascular risk factors and endothelial cell markers. Thromb Haemost 85 6 (2001) 999-1003
50. Lender D., and Sysko S.K. The metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic risk: scope of the problem and current standard of care. Pharmacotherapy 26 5 (2007) 3S-12S
51. Lakka H.M., Laaksonen D.E., Lakka T.A., Niskanen L.K., Kumpusalo E., Tuomilehto J., et al. The metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men. JAMA 288 21 (2002) 2709-2716
52. McNeill A.M., Rosamond W.D., Girman C.J., Golden S.H., Schmidt M.I., East H.E., et al. The metabolic syndrome and 11-year risk of incident cardiovascular disease in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Diabetes Care 28 2 (2005) 385-390
53. Ninomiya T., Kubo M., Doi Y., Yonemoto K., Tanizaki Y., Rahman M., et al. Impact of metabolic syndrome on the development of cardiovascular disease in a general Japanese population: the Hisayama study. Stroke 38 7 (2007) 2063-2069
54. Schillaci G., Pirro M., Vaudo G., Gemelli F., Marchesi S., Porcellati C., et al. Prognostic value of the metabolic syndrome in essential hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 43 10 (2004) 1817-1822
55. Bonora E., Targher G., Formentini G., Calcaterra F., Lombardi S., Marini F., et al. The metabolic syndrome is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetic subjects. Prospective data from the Verona Diabetes Complications Study. Diabet Med 21 (2004) 52-58
56. Targher G., Bertolini L., Tessari R., Zenari L., and Arcaro G. The International Diabetes Federation definition of the metabolic syndrome independently predicts future cardiovascular events among type 2 diabetic patients. The Valpolicella Heart Diabetes Study. Diabet Med 23 (2006) 1270-1271
57. Gami S.A., Witt B.J., Howard D.E., Erwin P.J., Gami L.A., Somers V.K., et al. Metabolic syndrome and risk of incident cardiovascular events and death. J Am Coll Cardiol 49 4 (2007) 403-414
58. Ford E.S. Risks for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes associated with the metabolic syndrome: a summary of the evidence. Diabetes Care. 28 7 (2005) 1769-1778
59. Milionis H.J., Rizos E., Goudevenos J., Seferiadis K., Mikhailidis D.P., and Elisaf M.S. Components of the metabolic syndrome and risk for first-ever acute ischemic nonembolic stroke in elderly subjects. Stroke 36 7 (2005) 1372-1376
60. Koren-Morag N., Goldbourt U., and Tanne D. Relation between the metabolic syndrome and ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: a prospective cohort study in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Stroke 36 7 (2005) 1366-1371
61. Kurl S., Laukkanen J.A., Niskanen L., Laaksonen D., Sivenius J., Nyyssonen K., et al. Metabolic syndrome and the risk of stroke in middle-aged men. Stroke 37 3 (2006) 806-811
62. Prandoni P., Ghirarduzzi A., Prins M.H., Pengo V., Davidson B.L., Sorensen H., et al. Venous thromboembolism and the risk of subsequent symptomatic atherosclerosis. Thromb Haemostas 4 (2007) 1891-1896
63. Eliasson A., Bergqvist D., Bjorck M., Acosta S., Sternby N.H., and Ogren M. Incidence and risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with verified arterial thrombosis: a population study based on 23,796 consecutive autopsies. Thromb Haemostas 4 (2007) 1897-1902
64. Cushman M. Epidemiology and risk factors for venous thrombosis. Semin Hematol 44 2 (2007) 62-69
65. Ray J.G., Lonn E., Yi Q., Rathe A., Sheridan P., Kearon C., and on behalf of the HOPE-2 Investigators. Venous Thromboembolism in Association with Features of the Metabolic Syndrome. QJM (2007 Sep 10) Electronic publication ahead of print
66. Cigolini M., Targher G., Bergamo-Andreis I.A., Tonoli M., Agostino G., and De Sandre G. Visceral fat accumulation and its relation to plasma haemostatic factors in healthy men. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 16 (1996) 368-374
67. Wannamethee S.G., Lowe G.D., Shaper A.G., Rumley A., Lennon L., and Whincup P.H. The metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance: relationship to haemostatic and inflammatory markers in older non-diabetic men. Atherosclerosis 181 1 (2005) 101-108
68. Targher G., Bertolini L., Scala L., Zoppini G., Zenari L., and G Falezza G. Nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis and its relation to increased plasma biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in nondiabetic men. Role of visceral adipose tissue. Diabet Med 22 (2005) 1354-1358