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Although up to date, rimonabant has been approved in 42 countries and actively marketed in 20 countries to treat obese and overweight patients with associated cardiovascular risk factors;21 however, U.S. FDA decided not to approve the drug in June 2007 because of concerns about causing depression and suicidal thoughts in some patients. In contrast to inverse agonists, recent studies revealed that CB1 neutral antagonists (e.g, AM4113) could substantially suppress food intake comparable to inverse agonists (e.g, AM251) without inducing vomiting in ferrets and nausea in rats.36f The newly developed alkynylthiophenes described in this paper, showing ability to switch functional properties between partial agonists, neutral antagonists, and inverse agonists under minor structural modifications, might help facilitate current studies on important issues about whether the suppression of feeding produced by CB1 neutral antagonists or partial agonists is still accompanied
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36f The newly developed alkynylthiophenes described in this paper, showing ability to switch functional properties between partial agonists, neutral antagonists, and inverse agonists under minor structural modifications, might help facilitate current studies on important issues about whether the suppression of feeding produced by CB1 neutral antagonists or partial agonists is still accompanied by adverse effects observed with rimonabant.
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Although a general term antagonist is used herein, however, it is understandable that as demonstrated by SR141716A, assessed by the, 35S]GTPγS and/or cAMP assay(s),36a-c many CB1 receptor antagonists behave as inverse agonists. In fact, a more appropriate term modulator should be used to describe ligands with unknown intrinsic activity. As for known-function ligands, they are broadly classified as full agonists, partial agonists, neutral, silent) antagonists, or inverse agonists as indicated in the literature.36d-f
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27,28 molecular modeling studies on 5-alkyl, 5-alkenyl, and 5-alkynylthiophene derivatives in the CB1 receptor homology model are currently being carried out in our laboratories. Preliminary results revealed that among various aliphatic substituents on the thiophene ring, the alkynyl group appeared to be the most appropriate choice in the system described above.
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27,28 molecular modeling studies on 5-alkyl, 5-alkenyl, and 5-alkynylthiophene derivatives in the CB1 receptor homology model are currently being carried out in our laboratories. Preliminary results revealed that among various aliphatic substituents on the thiophene ring, the alkynyl group appeared to be the most appropriate choice in the system described above.
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