메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 71, Issue 19, 2008, Pages 1327-1337

Effects of physiological concentrations of heavy metals both individually and in mixtures on the viability and function of peripheral blood human leukocytes in vitro

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CADMIUM; CARBOCYANINE; HEAVY METAL; LEAD; METALLOTHIONEIN; METHYLMERCURY; THYMIDINE DERIVATIVE;

EID: 49449103751     PISSN: 15287394     EISSN: 10872620     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15287390802240918     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (32)

References (60)
  • 1
    • 11244312064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals in typical seafoods consumed in Singapore
    • Bayen, S., Koroleva, E., Lee, H. K., and Obbard, J. P. 2005. Persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals in typical seafoods consumed in Singapore. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 68:151-166.
    • (2005) J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , vol.68 , pp. 151-166
    • Bayen, S.1    Koroleva, E.2    Lee, H.K.3    Obbard, J.P.4
  • 2
    • 0026668022 scopus 로고
    • Role of cadmium in activating nuclear protein kinase C and the enzyme binding to nuclear protein
    • Block, C., Freyermuth, S., Beyersmann, D., Malviya, A. M. 1992. Role of cadmium in activating nuclear protein kinase C and the enzyme binding to nuclear protein. J. Biol. Chem. 267:19824-19828.
    • (1992) J. Biol. Chem , vol.267 , pp. 19824-19828
    • Block, C.1    Freyermuth, S.2    Beyersmann, D.3    Malviya, A.M.4
  • 3
    • 0025102595 scopus 로고
    • Cadmium, nickel, chromium and lead accumulate in human lymphocytes and interfere with PHA-induced proliferation
    • Borella, P., Manni, S., and Giardino, A. 1990. Cadmium, nickel, chromium and lead accumulate in human lymphocytes and interfere with PHA-induced proliferation. J. Trace Elem. Electrolytes Health Dis. 4:87-95.
    • (1990) J. Trace Elem. Electrolytes Health Dis , vol.4 , pp. 87-95
    • Borella, P.1    Manni, S.2    Giardino, A.3
  • 4
    • 0026072385 scopus 로고
    • Lead and cadmium at very low doses affect in vitro immune response of human lymphocytes
    • Borella, P., and Giardino, A. 1991. Lead and cadmium at very low doses affect in vitro immune response of human lymphocytes. Environ. Res. 55:165-177.
    • (1991) Environ. Res , vol.55 , pp. 165-177
    • Borella, P.1    Giardino, A.2
  • 5
    • 0342710362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of earthworm exposure to contaminated soil by cytometric assay of coelomocyte phagocytosis in Lumbricus terrestris (Oligochaeta)
    • Brousseau, P., Fugere, N., Bernier, J., Coderre, D., Nadeau, D., Poirier, G., and Fournier, M. 1997. Evaluation of earthworm exposure to contaminated soil by cytometric assay of coelomocyte phagocytosis in Lumbricus terrestris (Oligochaeta). Soil Biol. Biochem. 29:681-684.
    • (1997) Soil Biol. Biochem , vol.29 , pp. 681-684
    • Brousseau, P.1    Fugere, N.2    Bernier, J.3    Coderre, D.4    Nadeau, D.5    Poirier, G.6    Fournier, M.7
  • 7
    • 0344991646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flow cytometry as a tool to monitor the disturbance of phagocytosis in the clam Mya arenaria hemocytes following in vitro exposure to heavy metals
    • Brousseau, P., Pellerin, J., Morin, Y., Cyr, D., Blakley, B., Boermans, H., and Fournier, M. 2000. Flow cytometry as a tool to monitor the disturbance of phagocytosis in the clam Mya arenaria hemocytes following in vitro exposure to heavy metals. Toxicology 142:145-156.
    • (2000) Toxicology , vol.142 , pp. 145-156
    • Brousseau, P.1    Pellerin, J.2    Morin, Y.3    Cyr, D.4    Blakley, B.5    Boermans, H.6    Fournier, M.7
  • 8
    • 0027486923 scopus 로고
    • Cytometric profiles of bone marrow and spleen lymphoid cells after mercury exposure in mice
    • Brunet, S., Guertin, F., Flipo, D., Fournier, M., and Krzystyniak, K. 1993. Cytometric profiles of bone marrow and spleen lymphoid cells after mercury exposure in mice. Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 15:811-819.
    • (1993) Int. J. Immunopharmacol , vol.15 , pp. 811-819
    • Brunet, S.1    Guertin, F.2    Flipo, D.3    Fournier, M.4    Krzystyniak, K.5
  • 11
    • 0025093248 scopus 로고
    • Cadmium inhibits spontaneous (NK), antibody-mediated (ADCC) and IL-2-stimulated cytotoxic functions of natural killer cells
    • Cifone, M. G., Procopio, A., Napolitano, T., Alesse, E., Santoni, G., and Santoni, A. 1990. Cadmium inhibits spontaneous (NK), antibody-mediated (ADCC) and IL-2-stimulated cytotoxic functions of natural killer cells. Immunopharmacology 20:73-80.
    • (1990) Immunopharmacology , vol.20 , pp. 73-80
    • Cifone, M.G.1    Procopio, A.2    Napolitano, T.3    Alesse, E.4    Santoni, G.5    Santoni, A.6
  • 12
    • 2942624122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of mercury, lead and cadmium on IL-2 production by Jurkat T cells
    • Colombo, M., Hamelin, C., Kouassi, E., Fournier, M., and Bernier, J. 2004. Differential effects of mercury, lead and cadmium on IL-2 production by Jurkat T cells. Clin. Immunol. 111:311-322.
    • (2004) Clin. Immunol , vol.111 , pp. 311-322
    • Colombo, M.1    Hamelin, C.2    Kouassi, E.3    Fournier, M.4    Bernier, J.5
  • 14
    • 0029840776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of in vitro exposure of beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) lymphocytes, to heavy metals
    • De Guise, S., Bernier, J., Martineau, D., Beland, P., and Fournier, M. 1996. Effects of in vitro exposure of beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) lymphocytes, to heavy metals. Environ. Toxicol. Chem 15:1357-1364.
    • (1996) Environ. Toxicol. Chem , vol.15 , pp. 1357-1364
    • De Guise, S.1    Bernier, J.2    Martineau, D.3    Beland, P.4    Fournier, M.5
  • 17
    • 0036960604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutathione in defense and signaling: Lessons from a small thiol
    • Dickinson, D. A., and Forman, H. J. 2002. Glutathione in defense and signaling: Lessons from a small thiol. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 973:488-504.
    • (2002) Ann. NY Acad. Sci , vol.973 , pp. 488-504
    • Dickinson, D.A.1    Forman, H.J.2
  • 19
    • 0002616541 scopus 로고
    • Effects of environmental contaminants (pesticides and metal ions), on fish immune system
    • Breckenridge:SOS Publishers
    • Dunier, M. 1994. Effects of environmental contaminants (pesticides and metal ions), on fish immune system. In Modulators of fish immune response, vol. 1, pp. 122-139. Breckenridge:SOS Publishers.
    • (1994) Modulators of fish immune response , vol.1 , pp. 122-139
    • Dunier, M.1
  • 20
    • 0035750172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxic metals and oxidative stress part I: Mechanisms involved in metal-induced oxidative damage
    • Ercal, N., Gurer-Orhan, H., and Aykin-Burns, N. 2001. Toxic metals and oxidative stress part I: Mechanisms involved in metal-induced oxidative damage. Curr. Top. Med. Chem. 1:529-539.
    • (2001) Curr. Top. Med. Chem , vol.1 , pp. 529-539
    • Ercal, N.1    Gurer-Orhan, H.2    Aykin-Burns, N.3
  • 21
    • 33748415025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Daily intake of arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead by consumption of edible marine species
    • Falco, G., Llobet, J. M., Bocio, A., and Domingo, J. L. 2006. Daily intake of arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead by consumption of edible marine species. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54:6106-6112.
    • (2006) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.54 , pp. 6106-6112
    • Falco, G.1    Llobet, J.M.2    Bocio, A.3    Domingo, J.L.4
  • 22
    • 1842844346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro effects of cadmium and mercury on Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg), haemocytes
    • Gagnaire, B., Thomas-Guyon, H., and Renault, T. 2004. In vitro effects of cadmium and mercury on Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg), haemocytes. Fish Shellfish Immunol 16:501-512.
    • (2004) Fish Shellfish Immunol , vol.16 , pp. 501-512
    • Gagnaire, B.1    Thomas-Guyon, H.2    Renault, T.3
  • 23
    • 34548410417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutathione-S-transferase polymorphism, metallothionein expression, and mercury levels among students in Austria
    • Gundacker, C., Komarnicki, G., Jagiello, P., Gencikova, A., Dahmen, N., Wittmann, K. J., and Gencik, M. 2007. Glutathione-S-transferase polymorphism, metallothionein expression, and mercury levels among students in Austria. Sci. Total Environ. 385:37-47.
    • (2007) Sci. Total Environ , vol.385 , pp. 37-47
    • Gundacker, C.1    Komarnicki, G.2    Jagiello, P.3    Gencikova, A.4    Dahmen, N.5    Wittmann, K.J.6    Gencik, M.7
  • 24
    • 0020709132 scopus 로고
    • Human exposure to heavy metals in East Greenland I. Mercury
    • Hansen, J., Wulf, H. C., and Kromann, N. 1983. Human exposure to heavy metals in East Greenland I. Mercury. Sci. Total Environ. 26:233-243.
    • (1983) Sci. Total Environ , vol.26 , pp. 233-243
    • Hansen, J.1    Wulf, H.C.2    Kromann, N.3
  • 26
    • 0036993008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating quantitative formulas for dose-response assessment of chemical mixtures
    • Hertzberg, R. C., and Teuschler, L. K. 2002. Evaluating quantitative formulas for dose-response assessment of chemical mixtures. Environ. Health Perspect. 110(Suppl. 6):965-970.
    • (2002) Environ. Health Perspect , vol.110 , Issue.SUPPL. 6 , pp. 965-970
    • Hertzberg, R.C.1    Teuschler, L.K.2
  • 27
    • 33845775313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Respiratory burst as a biomarker for stress responses
    • Huber, K., Krotz-Fahning, M., and Hock, B. 2006. Respiratory burst as a biomarker for stress responses. Protoplasma 229:221-224.
    • (2006) Protoplasma , vol.229 , pp. 221-224
    • Huber, K.1    Krotz-Fahning, M.2    Hock, B.3
  • 28
    • 0038394471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of low concentrations of cadmium on immunoglobulin E production by human B lymphocytes in vitro
    • Jelovcan, S., Gutschi, A., Kleinhappl, B., Sedlmayr, P., Barth, S., and Marth, E. 2003. Effects of low concentrations of cadmium on immunoglobulin E production by human B lymphocytes in vitro. Toxicology 188:35-48.
    • (2003) Toxicology , vol.188 , pp. 35-48
    • Jelovcan, S.1    Gutschi, A.2    Kleinhappl, B.3    Sedlmayr, P.4    Barth, S.5    Marth, E.6
  • 29
    • 0019380195 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of mitogen and specific antigen-induced human lymphocyte proliferation by cadmium
    • Kastelan, M., Gerencer, M., Kastelan, A., and Gamulin, S. 1981. Inhibition of mitogen and specific antigen-induced human lymphocyte proliferation by cadmium. Exp. Cell Biol. 49:15-19.
    • (1981) Exp. Cell Biol , vol.49 , pp. 15-19
    • Kastelan, M.1    Gerencer, M.2    Kastelan, A.3    Gamulin, S.4
  • 30
    • 0036039392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mercury inhibits nitric oxide production but activates proinflammatory cytokine expression in murine macrophage: Differential modulation of NF-kappaB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways
    • Kim, S. H., Johnson, V. J., and Sharma, R. P. 2002. Mercury inhibits nitric oxide production but activates proinflammatory cytokine expression in murine macrophage: Differential modulation of NF-kappaB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Nitric Oxide 7:67-74.
    • (2002) Nitric Oxide , vol.7 , pp. 67-74
    • Kim, S.H.1    Johnson, V.J.2    Sharma, R.P.3
  • 31
    • 0036644015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylmercury inhibits nitric oxide production mediated by Ca(2+) overload and protein kinase A activation
    • Kuo, T. C., Huang, C. I., and Lin-Shiau, S. Y. 2002. Methylmercury inhibits nitric oxide production mediated by Ca(2+) overload and protein kinase A activation. Toxicology 176:113-122.
    • (2002) Toxicology , vol.176 , pp. 113-122
    • Kuo, T.C.1    Huang, C.I.2    Lin-Shiau, S.Y.3
  • 32
    • 0038208095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting changes of sensitivity by lymphocytes and neutrophils to mercury in developing grey seals
    • Lalancette, A., Morin, Y., Measures, L., and Fournier, M. 2003. Contrasting changes of sensitivity by lymphocytes and neutrophils to mercury in developing grey seals. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 27:735-747.
    • (2003) Dev. Comp. Immunol , vol.27 , pp. 735-747
    • Lalancette, A.1    Morin, Y.2    Measures, L.3    Fournier, M.4
  • 34
    • 0038060684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drinking water exposure to cadmium, an environmental contaminant, results in the exacerbation of autoimmune disease in the murine model
    • Leffel, E. K., Wolf, C., Poklis, A., and White, K. L., Jr. 2003. Drinking water exposure to cadmium, an environmental contaminant, results in the exacerbation of autoimmune disease in the murine model. Toxicology 188:233-250.
    • (2003) Toxicology , vol.188 , pp. 233-250
    • Leffel, E.K.1    Wolf, C.2    Poklis, A.3    White Jr., K.L.4
  • 35
    • 30344473603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The comparative immunotoxicity of five selected compounds following developmental or adult exposure
    • Luebke, R. W., Chen, D. H., Dietert, R., Yang, Y., King, M., and Luster, M. I. 2006. The comparative immunotoxicity of five selected compounds following developmental or adult exposure. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B 9:1-26.
    • (2006) J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B , vol.9 , pp. 1-26
    • Luebke, R.W.1    Chen, D.H.2    Dietert, R.3    Yang, Y.4    King, M.5    Luster, M.I.6
  • 36
    • 0038398995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of lead exposure on the immune response of some occupationally exposed individuals
    • Mishra, K. P., Singh, V. K., Rani, R., Yadav, V. S., Chandran, V., Srivastava, S. P., and Seth, P. K. 2003. Effect of lead exposure on the immune response of some occupationally exposed individuals. Toxicology 188:251-259.
    • (2003) Toxicology , vol.188 , pp. 251-259
    • Mishra, K.P.1    Singh, V.K.2    Rani, R.3    Yadav, V.S.4    Chandran, V.5    Srivastava, S.P.6    Seth, P.K.7
  • 37
    • 0036174799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cadmium-induced DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in macrophages: The role of intracellular calcium and signal transduction mechanisms
    • Misra, U. K., Gawdi, G., Akabani, G., and Pizzo, S. V. 2002. Cadmium-induced DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in macrophages: The role of intracellular calcium and signal transduction mechanisms. Cell Signal. 14:327-340.
    • (2002) Cell Signal , vol.14 , pp. 327-340
    • Misra, U.K.1    Gawdi, G.2    Akabani, G.3    Pizzo, S.V.4
  • 38
    • 18044373629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical mixtures: Considering the evolution of toxicology and chemical assessment
    • Monosson, E. 2005. Chemical mixtures: Considering the evolution of toxicology and chemical assessment. Environ Health Perspect. 113:383-390.
    • (2005) Environ Health Perspect , vol.113 , pp. 383-390
    • Monosson, E.1
  • 39
    • 0035927936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective effect of metallothionein against the toxicity of cadmium and other metals (1)
    • Park, J. D., Liu, Y., and Klaassen, C. D. 2001. Protective effect of metallothionein against the toxicity of cadmium and other metals (1). Toxicology 163:93-100.
    • (2001) Toxicology , vol.163 , pp. 93-100
    • Park, J.D.1    Liu, Y.2    Klaassen, C.D.3
  • 40
    • 0036939705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presence and regulation of metallothioneins in peripheral blood leukocytes of grey seals
    • Pillet, S., Fournier, M., Measures, L. N., Bouquegneau, J. M., and Cyr, D. G. 2002. Presence and regulation of metallothioneins in peripheral blood leukocytes of grey seals. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 185:207-217.
    • (2002) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol , vol.185 , pp. 207-217
    • Pillet, S.1    Fournier, M.2    Measures, L.N.3    Bouquegneau, J.M.4    Cyr, D.G.5
  • 43
    • 34548249133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of Montreal municipal sewage effluents on immune responses of juvenile female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
    • Salo, H. M., Hebert, N., Dautremepuits, C., Cejka, P., Cyr, D. G., and Fournier, M. 2007. Effects of Montreal municipal sewage effluents on immune responses of juvenile female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquat. Toxicol. 84:406-414.
    • (2007) Aquat. Toxicol , vol.84 , pp. 406-414
    • Salo, H.M.1    Hebert, N.2    Dautremepuits, C.3    Cejka, P.4    Cyr, D.G.5    Fournier, M.6
  • 44
    • 0036105401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phagocytic response of terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates following in vitro exposure to trace elements
    • Sauve, S., Hendawi, M., Brousseau, P., and Fournier, M. 2002. Phagocytic response of terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates following in vitro exposure to trace elements. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 52:21-29.
    • (2002) Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety , vol.52 , pp. 21-29
    • Sauve, S.1    Hendawi, M.2    Brousseau, P.3    Fournier, M.4
  • 45
    • 24644512474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mercury and autoimmunity: Implications for occupational and environmental health
    • Silbergeld, E. K., Silva, I. A., and Nyland, J. F. 2005. Mercury and autoimmunity: implications for occupational and environmental health. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 207:282-292.
    • (2005) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol , vol.207 , pp. 282-292
    • Silbergeld, E.K.1    Silva, I.A.2    Nyland, J.F.3
  • 47
    • 0141683504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3H-thymidine uptake in sheep lymphocytes infected with bovine leukaemia virus
    • 3H-thymidine uptake in sheep lymphocytes infected with bovine leukaemia virus. Bull. Vet. Ins. Pulawy 47:77-87.
    • (2003) Bull. Vet. Ins. Pulawy , vol.47 , pp. 77-87
    • Stec, J.1
  • 48
    • 85047698565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicology and immunotoxicology of mercury: A comparative review in fish and humans
    • Sweet, L. I., and Zelikoff, J. T. 2001. Toxicology and immunotoxicology of mercury: A comparative review in fish and humans. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B 4:161-205.
    • (2001) J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B , vol.4 , pp. 161-205
    • Sweet, L.I.1    Zelikoff, J.T.2
  • 49
    • 0035836544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monocyte-macrophage system and polymorphonuclear leukocytes in workers exposed to low levels of metallic mercury
    • Vimercati, L., Santarelli, L., Pesola, G., Drago, I., Lasorsa, G., Valentino, M., Vacca, A., and Soleo, L. 2001. Monocyte-macrophage system and polymorphonuclear leukocytes in workers exposed to low levels of metallic mercury. Sci. Total Environ. 270:157-163.
    • (2001) Sci. Total Environ , vol.270 , pp. 157-163
    • Vimercati, L.1    Santarelli, L.2    Pesola, G.3    Drago, I.4    Lasorsa, G.5    Valentino, M.6    Vacca, A.7    Soleo, L.8
  • 50
    • 0018535895 scopus 로고
    • Methylmercury poisoning in Canadian Indians - The elusive diagnosis
    • Wheatley, B., Barbeau, A., Clarkson, T., and Lapham, L. W., 1979. Methylmercury poisoning in Canadian Indians - The elusive diagnosis. J. Can. Sci. Neurol. 6:417-422.
    • (1979) J. Can. Sci. Neurol , vol.6 , pp. 417-422
    • Wheatley, B.1    Barbeau, A.2    Clarkson, T.3    Lapham, L.W.4
  • 51
    • 0028990511 scopus 로고
    • Exposure of Canadian aboriginal peoples to methylmercury
    • Wheatley, B., and Paradis, S. 1995. Exposure of Canadian aboriginal peoples to methylmercury. Water Air Soil Pollut. 80:3-11.
    • (1995) Water Air Soil Pollut , vol.80 , pp. 3-11
    • Wheatley, B.1    Paradis, S.2
  • 53
    • 33846826962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell death and cytotoxic effects in YAC-1 lymphoma cells following exposure to various forms of mercury
    • Yole, M., Wickstrom, M., and Blakley, B. 2007. Cell death and cytotoxic effects in YAC-1 lymphoma cells following exposure to various forms of mercury. Toxicology 231:40-57.
    • (2007) Toxicology , vol.231 , pp. 40-57
    • Yole, M.1    Wickstrom, M.2    Blakley, B.3
  • 54
    • 0030767928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of high-level exposure to lead on NK cell activity and T-lymphocyte functions in workers
    • Yucesoy, B., Turhan, A., Mirshahidi, S., Ure, M., Imir, T., and Karakaya, A. 1997a. Effects of high-level exposure to lead on NK cell activity and T-lymphocyte functions in workers. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 16:311-314.
    • (1997) Hum. Exp. Toxicol , vol.16 , pp. 311-314
    • Yucesoy, B.1    Turhan, A.2    Mirshahidi, S.3    Ure, M.4    Imir, T.5    Karakaya, A.6
  • 55
    • 1842328550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous effects of lead and cadmium on NK cell activity and some phenotypic parameters
    • Yucesoy, B., Turhan, A., Ure, M., Imir, T., and Karakaya, A. 1997b. Simultaneous effects of lead and cadmium on NK cell activity and some phenotypic parameters. Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol. 19:339-348.
    • (1997) Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol , vol.19 , pp. 339-348
    • Yucesoy, B.1    Turhan, A.2    Ure, M.3    Imir, T.4    Karakaya, A.5
  • 56
    • 0032563078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flow cytometric determination of metallothionein levels in human peripheral blood lymphocytes: Utility in environmental exposure assessment
    • Yurkow, E. J., and Makhijani, P. R. 1998. Flow cytometric determination of metallothionein levels in human peripheral blood lymphocytes: Utility in environmental exposure assessment. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 54:445-457.
    • (1998) J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , vol.54 , pp. 445-457
    • Yurkow, E.J.1    Makhijani, P.R.2
  • 58
    • 0000787170 scopus 로고
    • Metal pollution-induced immunomodulation in fish
    • Zelikoff, J. T. 1993. Metal pollution-induced immunomodulation in fish. Annu. Rev. Fish Dis. 2:305-325.
    • (1993) Annu. Rev. Fish Dis , vol.2 , pp. 305-325
    • Zelikoff, J.T.1
  • 60
    • 0032720473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of cellular thiol levels in individual viable lymphocytes by means of fluorescence intensity and polarization
    • Zurgil, N., Kaufman, M., Solodiev, I., and Deutsch, M. 1999. Determination of cellular thiol levels in individual viable lymphocytes by means of fluorescence intensity and polarization. J. Immunol. Methods 229:23-34.
    • (1999) J. Immunol. Methods , vol.229 , pp. 23-34
    • Zurgil, N.1    Kaufman, M.2    Solodiev, I.3    Deutsch, M.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.