Atopic dermatitis, patch testing, and house dust mites: A brief review

Dermatitis

Volumn 19, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 121-128

  Gavino, Alde Carlo P ^a   Needham, Glen R ^a   High, Whitney A ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CYTOKINE; GAMMA INTERFERON; HOUSE DUST ALLERGEN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN E; INTERLEUKIN 12;

ATOPIC DERMATITIS; DERMATOPHAGOIDES; ECZEMA; HELPER CELL; HUMAN; IMMUNITY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; LYMPHOCYTE PROLIFERATION; LYMPHOCYTIC INFILTRATION; PATCH TEST; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; T LYMPHOCYTE;

ADULT; ALLERGENS; ANIMALS; ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS; CHILD; DERMATITIS, ATOPIC; HUMANS; HYPERSENSITIVITY, DELAYED; PATCH TESTS; PYROGLYPHIDAE; T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER;

EID: 49249132298     PISSN: 17103568     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2310/6620.2008.07068     Document Type: Review

References (91)

1. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Steering Committee: Worldwide variation in prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and atopic eczema: ISAAC. Lancet 1998;351:1225-32.
2. Laughter D, Istvan JA, Tofte SJ, Hanifin JM. The prevalence of atopic dermatitis in Oregon schoolchildren. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;43:649-55.
3. Bannister MJ, Freeman S. Adult-onset atopic dermatitis. Australas J Dermatol 2000;41:225-8.
4. Ellis CN, Drake LA, Prendergast MM, et al. Cost of atopic dermatitis and eczema in the United States. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002;46:361-70.
5. Simpson A, Custovic A. The role of allergen avoidance in the secondary prevention of atopic disorders. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;5:223-7.
6. Braathen LR, Forre O, Natvig JB, Eeg-Larsen T. Predominance of T lymphocytes in the dermal infiltrate of atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 1979;100:511-9.
7. Grewe M, Walther S, Gyufko K, et al. Analysis of the cytokine pattern expressed in situ in inhalant allergen patch test reactions of atopic dermatitis patients. J Invest Dermatol 1995;105:407-10.
8. Thepen T, Langeveld-Wildschut EG, Bihari IC, et al. Biphasic response against aeroallergen in atopic dermatitis showing a switch from an initial TH2 response to a TH1 response in situ: an immunocytochemical study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1996;97:828-37.
9. Grewe M, Bruijnzeel-Koomen CA, Schopf E, et al. A role for Th1 and Th2 cells in the immunopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Immunol Today 1998;19:359-61.
10. Leung DY. Atopic dermatitis: the skin as a window into the pathogenesis of chronic allergic diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1995;96:302-19.
11. Banchereau J, Steinman RM. Dendritic cells and the control of immunity. Nature 1998;392:245-52.
12. Jurgens M, Wollenberg A, Hanau D, et al. Activation of human epidermal Langerhans cells by engagement of the high affinity receptor for IgE, Fc epsilon RI. J Immunol 1995;155:5184-9.
13. Wollenberg A, Kraft S, Hanau D, Bieber T. Immunomorphological and ultrastructural characterization of Langerhans cells and a novel, inflammatory dendritic epidermal cell (IDEC) population in lesional skin of atopic eczema. J Invest Dermatol 1996;106:446-53.
14. Kraft S, Wessendorf JH, Hanau D, Bieber T. Regulation of the high affinity receptor for IgE on human epidermal Langerhans cells. J Immunol 1998;161:1000-6.
15. Maurer D, Ebner C, Reininger B, et al. The high affinity IgE receptor (Fc epsilon RI) mediates IgE-dependent allergen presentation. J Immunol 1995;154:6285-90.
16. Thomas WR, Smith W. House-dust-mite allergens. Allergy 1998;53:821-32.
17. The official list of allergens. Allergen nomenclature. Available at: http://www.allergen.org (accessed Apr 8, 2007).
18. Aalberse RC. Allergens from mites: implications of cross-reactivity between invertebrate antigens. Allergy 1998;53:47-8.
19. Thomas WR, Smith WA, Hales BJ, et al. Characterization and immunobiology of house dust mite allergens. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2002;129:1-18.
20. Thomas WR. Mite allergens groups I-VII. A catalogue of enzymes. Clin Exp Allergy 1993;23:350-3.
21. Meyer CH, Bond JF, Chen MS, Kasaian MT. Comparison of the levels of the major allergens Der p I and Der p II in standardized extracts of the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Clin Exp Allergy 1994;24:1041-8.
22. Rose G, Arlian L, Bernstein D, et al. Evaluation of household dust mite exposure and levels of specific IgE and IgG antibodies in asthmatic patients enrolled in a trial of immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1996;97:1071-8.
23. Nelson RP, DiNicolo R, Fernandez-Caldas E, et al. Allergen-specific IgE levels and mite allergen exposure in children with acute asthma first seen in an emergency department and in nonasthmatic control subjects. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1996;98:258-63.
24. Trombone AP, Tobias KR, Ferriani VP, et al. Use of a chimeric ELISA to investigate immunoglobulin E antibody responses to Der p 1 and Der p 2 in mite-allergic patients with asthma, wheezing and/or rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy 2002;32:1323-8.
25. Erwin EA, Custis NJ, Satinover SM, et al. Quantitative measurement of IgE antibodies to purified allergens using streptavidin linked to a high-capacity solid phase. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005; 115:1029-35.
26. Chua KY, Stewart GA, Thomas WR, et al. Sequence analysis of cDNA coding for a major house dust mite allergen, Der p 1. Homology with cysteine proteases. J Exp Med 1988;167:175-82.
27. Dilworth RJ, Chua KY, Thomas WR. Sequence analysis of cDNA coding for a major house dust mite allergen, Der f 1. Clin Exp Allergy 1991;21:25-32.
28. Robinson C, Kalsheker NA, Srinivasan N, et al. On the potential significance of the enzymatic activity of mite allergens to immunogenicity. Clues to structure and function revealed by molecular characterization. Clin Exp Allergy 1997;27:10-21.
29. Heymann PW, Chapman MD, Platts-Mills TA. Antigen Der f I from the dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae: structural comparison with Der p I from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and epitope specificity of murine IgG and human IgE antibodies. J Immunol 1986;137:2841-7.
30. Thomas B, Heap P, Carswell F. Ultrastructural localization of the allergen Der p I in the gut of the house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 1991;94:365-7.
31. Tovey ER, Chapman MD, Platts-Mills TA. Mite faeces are a major source of house dust allergens. Nature 1981;289:592-3.
32. Custovic A, Chapman M. Risk levels for mite allergens. Are they meaningful? Allergy 1998;53:71-6.
33. Chua KY, Doyle CR, Simpson RJ, et al. Isolation of cDNA coding for the major mite allergen Der p II by IgE plaque immunoassay. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 1990;91:118-23.
34. Trudinger M, Chua KY, Thomas WR. cDNA encoding the major mite allergen Der f II. Clin Exp Allergy 1991;21:33-7.
35. Yasueda H, Mita H, Yui Y, Shida T. Comparative analysis of physicochemical and immunochemical properties of the two major allergens from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and the corresponding allergens from Dermatophagoides farinae. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 1989;88:402-7.
36. Stewart GA, Bird CH, Thompson PJ. Do the group II dust mite allergens correspond to lysozyme? J Allergy Clin Immunol 1992;90:141-2.
37. Hakkaart GA, Aalberse RC, van Ree R. Lack of lysozyme activity of natural and yeast-derived recombinant Der p 2. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1997;114:202-4.
38. Johannessen BR, Skov LK, Kastrup JS, et al. Structure of the house dust mite allergen Der f 2: implications for function and molecular basis of IgE cross-reactivity. FEBS Lett 2005;579:1208-12.
39. Ichikawa S, Takai T, Inoue T, et al. NMR study on the major mite allergen Der f 2: its refined tertiary structure, epitopes for monoclonal antibodies and characteristics shared by ML protein group members. J Biochem (Tokyo) 2005;137:255-63.
40. Liou HL, Dixit SS, Xu S, et al. NPC2, the protein deficient in Niemann-Pick C2 disease, consists of multiple glycoforms that bind a variety of sterols. J Biol Chem 2006;281:36710-23.
41. Keber MM, Gradisar H, Jerala R. MD-2 and Der p 2-a tale of two cousins or distant relatives? J Endotoxin Res 2005;11:186-92.
42. Re F, Strominger JL. Separate functional domains of human MD-2 mediate Toll-like receptor 4-binding and lipopolysaccharide responsiveness. J Immunol 2003;171:5272-6.
43. van der Heijden FL, Wierenga EA, Bos JD, Kapsenberg ML. High frequency of IL-4-producing CD4+ allergen-specific T lymphocytes in atopic dermatitis lesional skin. J Invest Dermatol 1991;97:389-94.
44. Nakamura T, Hirasawa Y, Takai T, et al. Reduction of skin barrier function by proteolytic activity of a recombinant house dust mite major allergen Der f 1. J Invest Dermatol 2006;126:2719-23.
45. Herbert CA, King CM, Ring PC, et al. Augmentation of permeability in the bronchial epithelium by the house dust mite allergen Der p1. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1995;12:369-78.
46. Palmer CN, Irvine AD, Terron-Kwiatkowski A, et al. Common loss-of-function variants of the epidermal barrier protein filaggrin are a major predisposing factor for atopic dermatitis. Nat Genet 2006;38:441-6.
47. Kato T, Takai T, Mitsuishi K, et al. Cystatin A inhibits IL-8 production by keratinocytes stimulated with Der p 1 and Der f 1: biochemical skin barrier against mite cysteine proteases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;116:169-76.
48. Schulz O, Laing P, Sewell HF, Shakib F. Der p I, a major allergen of the house dust mite, proteolytically cleaves the low-affinity receptor for human IgE (CD23). Eur J Immunol 1995;25:3191-4.
49. Schulz O, Sewell HF, Shakib F. Proteolytic cleavage of CD25, the alpha subunit of the human T cell interleukin 2 receptor, by Der p 1, a major mite allergen with cysteine protease activity. J Exp Med 1998;187:271-5.
50. Ghaemmaghami AM, Gough L, Sewell HF, Shakib F. The proteolytic activity of the major dust mite allergen Der p 1 conditions dendritic cells to produce less interleukin-12: allergen-induced Th2 bias determined at the dendritic cell level. Clin Exp Allergy 2002;32:1468-75.
51. Furmonaviciene R, Ghaemmaghami AM, Boyd SE, et al. The protease allergen Der p 1 cleaves cell surface DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR: experimental analysis of in silico substrate identification and implications in allergic responses. Clin Exp Allergy 2007;37:231-42.
52. Mudde GC, Van Reijsen FC, Boland GJ, et al. Allergen presentation by epidermal Langerhans' cells from patients with atopic dermatitis is mediated by IgE. Immunology 1990;69:335-41.
53. Deslee G, Charbonnier AS, Hammad H, et al. Involvement of the mannose receptor in the uptake of Der p 1, a major mite allergen, by human dendritic cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002;110:763-70.
54. Imayama S, Hashizume T, Miyahara H, et al. Combination of patch test and IgE for dust mite antigens differentiates 130 patients with atopic dermatitis into four groups. J Am Acad Dermatol 1992;27:531-8.
55. Wistokat-Wulfing A, Schmidt P, Darsow U, et al. Atopy patch test reactions are associated with T lymphocyte-mediated allergen-specific immune responses in atopic dermatitis. Clin Exp Allergy 1999;29:513-21.
56. Tuft LA. Importance of inhalant allergens in atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 1949;12:211-9.
57. Colloff MJ. Exposure to house dust mites in homes of people with atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 1992;127:322-7.
58. Platts-Mills TA, Mitchell EB, Rowntree S, et al. The role of dust mite allergens in atopic dermatitis. Clin Exp Derm 1983;8:233-47.
59. Kubota Y, Imayama S, Hori Y. Reduction of environmental mites improved atopic dermatitis patients with positive mite-patch tests. J Dermatol 1992;19:177-80.
60. Tan BB, Weald D, Strickland I, Friedmann PS. Double-blind controlled trial of effect of housedust-mite allergen avoidance on atopic dermatitis. Lancet 1996;347:15-8.
61. Ricci G, Patrizi A, Specchia F, et al. Effect of house dust mite avoidance measures in children with atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 2000;143:379-84.
62. Mitchell EB, Crow J, Chapman MD, et al. Basophils in allergen-induced patch test sites in atopic dermatitis. Lancet 1982;1:127-30.
63. Tupker RA, De Monchy JG, Coenraads PJ, et al. Induction of atopic dermatitis by inhalation of house dust mite. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1996;97:1064-70.
64. Werner Y, Lindberg M. Transepidermal water loss in dry and clinically normal skin in patients with atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol 1985;65:102-5.
65. Loffler H, Effendy I. Skin susceptibility of atopic individuals. Contact Dermatitis 1999;40:239-42.
66. Gutgesell C, Heise S, Seubert S, et al. Double-blind placebo-controlled house dust mite control measures in adult patients with atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 2001;145:70-4.
67. Koopman LP, van Strien RT, Kerkhof M, et al. Placebo-controlled trial of house dust mite-impermeable mattress covers: effect on symptoms in early childhood. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;166:307-13.
68. Oosting AJ, de Bruin-Weller MS, Terreehorst I, et al. Effect of mattress encasings on atopic dermatitis outcome measures in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study: the Dutch mite avoidance study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002;110:500-6.
69. Terreehorst I, Duivenvoorden HJ, Tempels-Pavlica Z, et al. The effect of encasings on quality of life in adult house dust mite allergic patients with rhinitis, asthma and/or atopic dermatitis. Allergy 2005;60:888-93.
70. Corver K, Kerkhof M, Brussee JE, et al. House dust mite allergen reduction and allergy at 4 yr: follow up of the PIAMA-study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2006;17:329-36.
71. Shah D, Hales J, Cooper D, Camp R. Recognition of pathogenetically relevant house dust mite hypersensitivity in adults with atopic dermatitis: a new approach? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002;109:1012-8.
72. Beltrani V, Hanifin J. Atopic dermatitis, house dust mites, and patch testing. Am J Contact Dermat 2002;13:80-2.
73. Nelson HS, Fernandez-Caldas E. Prevalence of house dust mites in the Rocky Mountain states. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1995;75:337-9.
74. Deleuran M, Ellingsen AR, Paludan K, et al. Purified Der p1 and p2 patch tests in patients with atopic dermatitis: evidence for both allergenicity and proteolytic irritancy. Acta Derm Venereol 1998;78:241-3.
75. Nassif A, Chan SC, Storrs FJ, Hanifin JM. Abnormal skin irritancy in atopic dermatitis and in atopy without dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 1994;130:1402-7.
76. Castelain M, Birnbaum J, Castelain PY, et al. Patch test reactions to mite antigens: a GERDA multicentre study. Groupe d'etudes et de recherches en dermato-allergie. Contact Dermatitis 1993;29:246-50.
77. Darsow U, Vieluf D, Ring J. Atopy patch test with different vehicles and allergen concentrations: an approach to standardization. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1995;95:677-84.
78. Darsow U, Vieluf D, Ring J. Evaluating the relevance of aeroallergen sensitization in atopic eczema with the atopy patch test: a randomized, double-blind multicenter study. Atopy patch test study group. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999;40:187-93.
79. Ring J, Darsow U, Gfesser M, Vieluf D. The 'atopy patch test' in evaluating the role of aeroallergens in atopic eczema. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1997;113:379-83.
80. Mowad CM, Anderson CK. Commercial availability of a house dust mite patch test. Am J Contact Dermat 2001;12:115-8.
81. Jamora MJ, Verallo-Rowell VM, Samson-Veneracion MT. Patch testing with 20% Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/farinae (Chemotechnique) antigen. Am J Contact Dermat 2001;12:67-71.
82. Davis MD, Cheng JF, Yiannias JA. Patch-testing with dust mite (Dermatophagoides mix): still a high rate of reactivity with 0.1% concentration. Dermatitis 2005;16:147.
83. Brasch J, Uter W, Dibo M, et al. Positive patch tests with a Dermatophagoides mix relate to an increased responsiveness to standard patch test allergens. Contact Dermatitis 2002;46:253-7.
84. Darsow U, Laifaoui J, Kerschenlohr K, et al. The prevalence of positive reactions in the atopy patch test with aeroallergens and food allergens in subjects with atopic eczema: a European multicenter study. Allergy 2004;59:1318-25.
85. Samochocki Z, Owczarek W, Zabielski S. Can atopy patch tests with aeroallergens be an additional diagnostic criterion for atopic dermatitis? Eur J Dermatol 2006;16:151-4.
86. Kerschenlohr K, Darsow U, Burgdorf WH, et al. Lessons from atopy patch testing in atopic dermatitis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2004;4:285-9.
87. Bussmann C, Bockenhoff A, Henke H, et al. Does allergen-specific immunotherapy represent a therapeutic option for patients with atopic dermatitis? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006;118:1292-8.
88. Czarnecka-Operacz M, Silny W. Specific immunotherapy in atopic dermatitis-four-year treatment in different age and airborne allergy type subgroups. Acta Dermatovenerol Croat 2006;14:230-40.
89. Cosmi L, Santarlasci V, Angeli R, et al. Sublingual immunotherapy with Dermatophagoides monomeric allergoid down-regulates allergen-specific immunoglobulin E and increases both interferon-gamma- and interleukin-10- production. Clin Exp Allergy 2006;36:261-72.
90. Cadario G, Galluccio AG, Pezza M, et al. Sublingual immunotherapy efficacy in patients with atopic dermatitis and house dust mites sensitivity: a prospective pilot study. Curr Med Res Opin 2007;23:2503-6.
91. Bussman C, Maintz L, Hart J, et al. Clinical improvement and immunological changes in atopic dermatitis patients undergoing subcutaneous immunotherapy with a house dust mite allergoid: a pilot study. Clin Exp Allergy 2007;37:1277-85.