On the desired properties of a conjugated polymer-electrolyte blend in a light-emitting electrochemical cell

Organic Electronics

Volumn 9, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 699-710

  Matyba, Piotr ^a   Andersson, Mats R ^b   Edman, Ludvig ^a  

^a UMEÅ UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^b CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Conjugated polymer; Electrochemical doping; Electrochemical side reaction; Light emitting electrochemical cell; Turn on time

Indexed keywords

CONJUGATED POLYMERS; ETHYLENE; LIGHT EMISSION; PHASE SEPARATION; POLYELECTROLYTES; POLYETHYLENE OXIDES;

DOPING CONCENTRATION; ELECTROCHEMICAL DOPING; ELECTROCHEMICAL SIDE REACTION; ELECTROCHEMICAL STABILITIES; LIGHT EMISSION INTENSITY; LIGHT-EMITTING ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL; POLY (ETHYLENE OXIDE) (PEO); TURN-ON TIME;

ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS;

EID: 49049084030     PISSN: 15661199     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2008.05.010     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Bolink H.J., et al. Origin of the large spectral shift in electroluminescence in a blue light emitting cationic iridium(III) complex. Journal of Materials Chemistry 17 48 (2007) 5032-5041
2. Slinker J.D., et al. Direct measurement of the electric-field distribution in a light-emitting electrochemical cell. Nature Materials 6 11 (2007) 894-899
3. Nazeeruddin M.K., and Gratzel M. Transition metal complexes for photovoltaic and light emitting applications. Photofunctional Transition Metals Complexes (2007) 113-175
4. Slinker J.D., et al. Electroluminescent devices from ionic transition metal complexes. Journal of Materials Chemistry 17 29 (2007) 2976-2988
5. Su H.C., et al. Highly efficient orange and green solid-state light-emitting electrochemical cells based on cationic Ir-III complexes with enhanced steric hindrance. Advanced Functional Materials 17 6 (2007) 1019-1027
6. Bolink H.J., et al. Stable single-layer light-emitting electrochemical cell using 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline-bis(2-phenylpyridine) iridium(III) hexafluorophosphate. Journal of the American Chemical Society 128 46 (2006) 14786-14787
7. Nazeeruddin M.K., et al. Efficient green-blue-light-emitting cationic iridium complex for light-emitting electrochemical cells. Inorganic Chemistry 45 23 (2006) 9245-9250
8. Zhang Q.S., et al. Highly efficient electroluminescence from green-light-emitting electrochemical cells based on Cu-I complexes. Advanced Functional Materials 16 9 (2006) 1203-1208
9. Armaroli N., et al. Highly luminescent Cu-I complexes for light-emitting electrochemical cells. Advanced Materials 18 10 (2006) 1313-1316
10. 2-based light-emitting electrochemical cells. Chemistry of Materials 17 25 (2005) 6403-6406
11. Tamayo A.B., et al. Cationic bis-cyclometalated iridium(III) diimine complexes and their use in efficient blue, green, and red electroluminescent devices. Inorganic Chemistry 44 24 (2005) 8723-8732
12. Kalyuzhny G., et al. Stability of thin-film solid-state electroluminescent devices based on tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) complexes. Journal of the American Chemical Society 125 20 (2003) 6272-6283
13. Buda M., Kalyuzhny G., and Bard A.J. Thin-film solid-state electroluminescent devices based on tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) complexes. Journal of the American Chemical Society 124 21 (2002) 6090-6098
14. Xianshun Zeng M.T., Igor F.P., Batsanov A.S., Martin R.B., Chiang C.-J., Carsten R., and Andrew P.M. Cationic bis-cyclometallated iridium(III) phenanthroline complexes with pendant fluorenyl substituents: synthesis, redox, photophysical properties and light-emitting cells. Chemistry - A European Journal 14 3 (2008) 933-943
15. Wilson J.S., et al. Supramolecular complexes of conjugated polyelectrolytes with poly(ethylene oxide): multifunctional luminescent semiconductors exhibiting electronic and ionic transport. Advanced Materials 17 22 (2005) 2659
16. Wenzl F.P., et al. Thin film morphology and ion interaction behaviour of functional polymers for iontronic applications. Electrochimica Acta 52 21 (2007) 6229-6236
17. Shao Y., Bazan G.C., and Heeger A.J. Long-lifetime polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells. Advanced Materials 19 3 (2007) 365
18. Edman L. Bringing light to solid-state electrolytes: the polymer light-emitting electrochemical cell. Electrochimica Acta 50 19 (2005) 3878-3885
19. Pingree L.S.C., et al. Scanning kelvin probe imaging of the potential profiles in fixed and dynamic planar LECs. Journal of the American Chemical Society 129 51 (2007) 15903-15910
20. Sax S., et al. Intrinsic electrochemical doping in blue light emitting polymer devices utilizing a water soluble anionic conjugated polymer. Organic Electronics 8 6 (2007) 791-795
21. Simon D.T., Stanislowski D.B., and Carter S.A. Fixed p-i-n junction polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells based on charged self-assembled monolayers. Applied Physics Letters 90 10 (2007)
22. Hu Y.F., and Gao J. Cationic effects in polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells. Applied Physics Letters 89 25 (2006)
23. Leger J.M., Rodovsky D.B., and Bartholomew G.R. Self-assembled, chemically fixed homojunctions in semiconducting polymers. Advanced Materials 18 23 (2006) 3130
24. Tracy C., and Gao J. Polymer bulk homojunction light-emitting electrochemical cells. Journal of Applied Physics 100 10 (2006)
25. Habrard F., Ouisse T., and Stephan O. Conjugated polymer/molten salt blend optimization. Journal of Physical Chemistry B 110 31 (2006) 15049-15051
26. Kong F., et al. Fast response single-ion transport light-emitting electrochemical cell based on PPV derivative. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 101 6 (2006) 4253-4255
27. Shin J.H., Xiao S., and Edman L. Polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells: The formation and effects of doping-induced micro shorts. Advanced Functional Materials 16 7 (2006) 949-956
28. Gu Z., et al. Dual electroluminescence from a single-component light-emitting electrochemical cell, based on water-soluble conjugated polymer. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 100 4 (2006) 2930-2936
29. Leger J.M., Carter S.A., and Ruhstaller B. Recombination profiles in poly 2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene light-emitting electrochemical cells. Journal of Applied Physics 98 12 (2005)
30. Mauthner G., et al. Inkjet printed surface cell light-emitting devices from a water-based polymer dispersion. Organic Electronics 9 2 (2008) 164-170
31. Pei Q.B., et al. Polymer light-emitting electrochemical-cells. Science 269 5227 (1995) 1086-1088
32. Yang Y., and Pei Q.B. Efficient blue-green and white light-emitting electrochemical cells based on poly 9,9-bis(3,6-dioxaheptyl)-fluorene-2,7-diyl. Journal of Applied Physics 81 7 (1997) 3294-3298
33. deMello J.C., et al. Ionic space-charge effects in polymer light-emitting diodes. Physical Review B 57 20 (1998) 12951-12963
34. Edman L., et al. Single-component light-emitting electrochemical cell fabricated from cationic polyfluorene: effect of film morphology on device performance. Journal of Applied Physics 98 4 (2005) 044502
35. Shin J.H., et al. Polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells: doping concentration, emission-zone position, and turn-on time. Advanced Functional Materials 17 11 (2007) 1807-1813
36. Shin J.H., et al. Light emission at 5 V from a polymer device with a millimeter-sized interelectrode gap. Applied Physics Letters 89 1 (2006) 013509
37. Shin J.H., et al. The influence of electrodes on the performance of light-emitting electrochemical cells. Electrochimica Acta 52 23 (2007) 6456-6462
38. g/e, only EDL formation (or EDL formation followed by limited unipolar doping) will take place, since bipolar doping is not energetically possible.
39. Iwasiewicz-Wabnig A., et al. Variable-force tapping atomic force microscopy as a tool in the characterization of organic devices. Ultramicroscopy 107 10-11 (2007) 1078-1085
40. Sardone L., et al. Scanning force microscopy and optical spectroscopy of phase-segregated thin films of poly(9,9′-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) and poly(ethylene oxide). Journal of Materials Chemistry 17 14 (2007) 1387-1391
41. Sardone L., et al. Phase segregation in thin films of conjugated polyrotaxane-poly(ethylene oxide) blends: a scanning force microscopy study. Advanced Functional Materials 17 6 (2007) 927-932
42. Wenzl F.P., et al. The influence of the phase morphology on the optoelectronic properties of light-emitting electrochemical cells. Advanced Functional Materials 14 5 (2004) 441-450
43. Summers M.A., Buratto S.K., and Edman L. Morphology and environment-dependent fluorescence in blends containing a phenylenevinylene-conjugated polymer. Thin Solid Films 515 23 (2007) 8412-8418
44. Morgado J., et al. Light-emitting devices based on a poly(p-phenylene vinylene) derivative with ion-coordinating side groups. Journal of Applied Physics 86 11 (1999) 6392-6395
45. Andersson M.R., Yu G., and Heeger A.J. Photoluminescence and electroluminescence of films from soluble PPV-polymers. Synthetic Metals 85 1-3 (1997) 1275-1276
46. Hide F., et al. Semiconducting polymers: a new class of solid-state laser materials. Science 273 5283 (1996) 1833-1836
47. Johansson D.M., et al. Synthesis of soluble phenyl-substituted poly(p-phenylenevinylenes) with a low content of structural defects. Macromolecules 35 13 (2002) 4997-5003
48. Johansson D.M., et al. Synthesis and characterization of highly soluble phenyl-substituted poly(p-phenylenevinylenes). Macromolecules 33 7 (2000) 2525-2529
49. Gao J., and Dane J. Visualization of electrochemical doping and light-emitting junction formation in conjugated polymer films. Applied Physics Letters 84 15 (2004) 2778-2780
50. Zhang Y.G., and Gao J. Lifetime study of polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells. Journal of Applied Physics 100 8 (2006)
51. Zhang Y.G., Hu Y.F., and Gao J. Improving the efficiency of polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells by controlled doping relaxation. Applied Physics Letters 88 16 (2006)
52. Fang J.F., Robinson N.D., and Edman L. Identifying and alleviating electrochemical side-reactions in light-emitting electrochemical cells. Journal of the American Chemical Society 130 (2008) 4562-4568
53. Robinson N.D., et al. Doping front propagation in light-emitting electrochemical cells. Physical Review B 74 15 (2006) 155210
54. Wågberg T., et al. On the limited operational lifetime of light-emitting electrochemical cells. Advanced Materials 20 (2008) 1744-1749
55. Shin J.H., and Edman L. Light-emitting electrochemical cells with millimeter-sized interelectrode gap: low-voltage operation at room temperature. Journal of the American Chemical Society 128 49 (2006) 15568-15569
56. Gao J., and Dane J. Imaging the doping and electroluminescence in extremely large planar polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells. Journal of Applied Physics 98 6 (2005)
57. Dick D.J., et al. Imaging the structure of the p-n junction in polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells. Advanced Materials 8 12 (1996) 985-987
58. Edman L., et al. Polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells: doping, luminescence, and mobility. Physical Review B 70 11 (2004) 115212
59. Pei Q.B., et al. Polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells: In situ formation of a light-emitting p-n junction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 118 16 (1996) 3922-3929
60. Kaminorz Y., et al. Characteristics of polythiophene surface light emitting diodes. Synthetic Metals 113 1-2 (2000) 103-114
61. Kunugi Y., et al. Charge transport in a regioregular poly(3-octylthiophene) film. Journal of Materials Chemistry 10 12 (2000) 2673-2677
62. Jiang X.Q., et al. Influences of self-assembled structure on mobilities of charge carriers in pi-conjugated polymers. Journal of Physical Chemistry B 109 1 (2005) 221-229
63. Harima Y., et al. Influence of film structure on mobilities of charge carriers in conducting polymers. Electrochimica Acta 52 28 (2007) 8088-8095
64. Shimotani H., Diguet G., and Iwasa Y. Direct comparison of field-effect and electrochemical doping in regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene). Applied Physics Letters 86 2 (2005)
65. Syritski V., Opik A., and Forsen O. Ion transport investigations of polypyrroles doped with different anions by EQCM and CER techniques. Electrochimica Acta 48 10 (2003) 1409-1417