Refractive index sensing of fiber optic long-period grating structures coated with a plasma deposited diamond-like carbon thin film

Measurement Science and Technology

Volumn 19, Issue 8, 2008, Pages

  Smietana, M ^a   Korwin Pawlowski, M L ^b   Bock, W J ^b   Pickrell, G R ^c   Szmidt, J ^a  

^a WARSAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Poland)

^b UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC EN OUTAOUAIS   (Canada)

^c State University   (United States)

Author keywords

Diamond like carbon; Fiber optic sensors; Long period grating; Plasma CVD

Indexed keywords

CARBON FILMS; DEPOSITION; DIAMONDS; FIBER OPTIC SENSORS; FIBER OPTICS; FIBERS; PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBERS; PLASMA CVD; REFRACTIVE INDEX; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; THIN FILMS;

COATING PROCEDURES; DEPOSITION TECHNIQUE; DIAMOND LIKE CARBON; DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON THIN FILMS; EXTERNAL REFRACTIVE INDICES; LONG PERIOD GRATINGS; REFRACTIVE INDEX SENSING; STEP-INDEX FIBERS;

DIAMOND LIKE CARBON FILMS;

EID: 48849100761     PISSN: 09570233     EISSN: 13616501     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0957-0233/19/8/085301     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Vengsarkar A M, Lemaire P J, Judkins J B, Bhatia V, Erdogan T and Sipe J E 1996 Long-period fiber gratings as band-rejection filters J. Lightwave Technol. 14 58
2. Lim J H, Lee K S, Kim J C and Lee B H 2004 Tunable fiber gratings fabricated in photonic crystal fiber by use of mechanical pressure Opt. Lett. 29 331
3. Patrick H J, Kersey A D and Bucholtz F 1998 Analysis of the response of long period fiber gratings to external index refraction J. Lightwave Technol. 16 1606
4. Bock W J, Chen J, Mikulic P and Eftimov T 2007 A novel fibre-optic tapered long-period Bragg grating sensor for pressure monitoring IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 56 1176
5. Trouillet A, Marin E and Veillas C 2005 Fibre gratings for hydrogen sensing Proc. SPIE 5855 395
6. Bhatia V 1999 Applications of long period gratings to single and multiparameter sensing Opt. Express 4 457
7. Bhatia V, Campbell D K, Sherr D, D'Alberto T G, Zabaronick N A, Ten Eyck G A, Murphy K A and Claus R O 1997 Temperature and strain insensitive long period grating sensors for smart structures Opt. Eng. 36 1872
8. Shu X and Zhang L 2002 Sensitivity characteristics of long-period fiber gratings J. Lightwave Technol. 20 255
9. Allsop T, Webb D J and Bennion I 2003 A comparison of the sensing characteristics of long period gratings written in three different types of fiber Opt. Fiber Technol. 9 210
10. Lee S T, Kumar R D, Kumar P S, Radhakrishnan P, Vallabhan C P G and Nampoori V P N 2003 Long period gratings in multimode optical fibers: application in chemical sensing Opt. Commun. 224 237
11. Dobb H, Kalli K and Webb D J 2006 Measured sensitivity of arc-induced long-period gratings sensor in photonic crystal fibre Opt. Commun. 260 184
12. Petrovic J S, Dobb H, Mezentsev V K, Kalli K, Webb D J and Bennion I 2007 Sensitivity of LPGs in PCFs fabricated by an electric arc to temperature, strain, and external refractive index J. Lightwave Technol. 25 1306
13. Allsop T, Floreani F, Jedrzejewski K P, Romero R, Marques P V S, Webb D J and Bennion I 2005 Tapered fibre LPG device as a sensing element for refractive index Proc. SPIE 5855 443
14. Chiang K S, Liu Y, Ng M N and Dong X 2000 Analysis of etched long-period fibre grating and its response to external refractive index Electron. Lett. 36 966
15. Sun J, Li Y and Liu D 2005 Widely tunable long-period fiber gratings with interpolymers as sensitivity-enhanced materials Opt. Commun. 249 193
16. Ishaq I M, Quintela A, James S W, Ashwell G J, Lopez-Higuera J M and Tatam R P 2005 Modification of the refractive index response of long period gratings using thin film overlays Sensors Actuators B 107 738
17. Pilla P, Iadicicco A, Contessa L, Campopiano S, Cusano A, Cutolo A and Giordano M 2005 Long period grating coated with syndiotactic polystyrene as highly sensitive chemical sensors Proc. SPIE 5855 483
18. Smietana M, Szmidt J, Korwin-Pawlowski M L, Bock W J and Grabarczyk J 2007 Application of diamond-like carbon films in optical fibre sensors based on long-period gratings Diamond Relat. Mater. 16 1374
19. James S W and Tatam R P 2006 Fibre optic sensors with nano-structured coatings J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 8 S430
20. Wang Z, Heflin J R, Stolen R H and Ramachandran S 2005 Highly sensitive optical response of optical fiber long period gratings to nanometer-thick self-assembled multilayers Appl. Phys. Lett. 86 223104
21. Tan K M, Tjin S C, Chan C C, Mohanty L and Tay C M 2005 High relative humidity sensing using gelatin-coated long period grating Proc. SPIE 5855 375
22. James S W and Tatam R P 2003 Optical fibre long period grating sensors: characteristics and application Meas. Sci. Technol. 14 R49
23. Del Villar I, Matias I R, Arregui F J and Lalanne P 2005 Optimization of sensitivity in long period fiber gratings with overlay deposition Opt. Express 13 56
24. Erdogan T 1997 Cladding-mode resonances in short- and long-period fiber grating filters J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 14 1760
25. Falate R, Kamikawachi R C, Muller M, Kalinowski H J and Fabris J L 2005 Fiber optic sensors for hydrocarbon detection Sensors Actuators B 105 430
26. DeLisa M P, Zhang Z, Shiloach M, Pilevar S and Davis C C 2000 Evanescent wave long-period fibre Bragg grating as an immobilized antibody biosensor Anal. Chem. 72 2895
27. Gu Z and Xu Y 2007 Design optimization of a long-period fiber grating with sol-gel coating for a gas sensor Meas. Sci. Technol. 18 3530
28. Cusano A, Iadicicco A, Pilla P, Cutolo A, Giordano M and Campopiano S 2006 Spectral characteristics in long-period fiber gratings with nonuniform symmetrically ring shaped coatings Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 201116
29. Del Villar I, Martias I R and Arregui F J 2005 Nanorefractometer based on deposition of an overlay on a long period fiber grating Proc. SPIE 5855 840
30. Dong X, Pei L and Jian S 2006 Widely tunable long-period fiber grating with nm-thick higher refractive index film overlay Optik 117 462
31. Smietana M, Szmidt J, Korwin-Pawlowski M L and Bock W J 2007 Optical effect of diamond-like carbon film coating of long-period optical fiber gratings Phys. Status Solidi c 4 1574
32. Anma H, Toki J, Ikeda T and Hatanaka Y 2000 Uniform deposition of SiC thin films on plastic surfaces Vacuum 59 665
33. Smietana M, Szmidt J, Korwin-Pawlowski M L, Miller N and Elmustafa A A 2008 Influence of RF PACVD process parameters of diamond-like carbon films on optical properties and nano-hardness of the films Diamond Relat. Mater. doi:10.1016/j.diamond.2008.01.111
34. Maitre N, Camelio S, Barranco A, Girardeau T and Breelle E 2005 Physical and chemical properties of amorphous hydrogenated carbon films deposited by PECVD in a low self-bias range J. Non-Cryst. Solids 351 877
35. Chen S-S, Shiue S-T, Tang W-C and Lin H-Y 2007 Effect of annealing on the properties of hermetically carbon coated optical fibers prepared by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method Opt. Eng. 46 035008
36. Hauert R 2003 A review of modified DLC coatings for biological applications Diamond Relat. Mater. 12 583
37. Nakamura T, Ohana T, Suzuki M, Ishihara M, Tanaka A and Koga Y 2005 Chemical modification of DLC films with perfluorooctyl functionality Diamond Relat. Mater. 14 1019
38. Lousinian S, Logothetidis S, Laskarakis A and Gioti M 2007 Haemocompatibility of amorphous hydrogenated carbon thin films, optical properties and adsorption mechanisms of blood plasma proteins Biomol. Eng. 24 107
39. Rego G, Okhotnikov O, Dianov E and Sulimov V 2001 High-temperature stability of long-period gratings produced using an electrical arc J. Lightwave Technol. 19 1574
40. Mitura S, Mitura E and Mitura A 1995 Manufacture of amorphous carbon layers by r.f. dense plasma CVD Diamond Relat. Mater. 4 302
41. Smietana M, Szmidt J, Dudek M and Niedzielski P 2004 Optical properties of diamond-like cladding for optical fibres Diamond Relat. Mater. 13 954
42. Smietana M, Szmidt J, Korwin-Pawlowski M L and Bock W J 2006 Diamond-like carbon films deposited onto optical fibres and waveguides-application in chemical sensing Proc. SPIE 6189 186
43. Malki A, Humbert G, Ouerdane Y, Boukhenter A and Boudrioua A 2003 Investigation of the writing mechanism of electric-arc-induced long-period fiber gratings Appl. Opt. 42 3776
44. Kamikawachi R C, Possetti G R C, Muller M and Fabris J L 2007 Influence of surrounding media refractive index on the thermal and strain sensitivities of long-period gratings Meas. Sci. Technol. 18 3111
45. Ishaq I, James S W, Ashwell G J and Tatam R P 2005 Cascaded long period gratings with nano-structured coating Proc. SPIE 5855 856