메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 38, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 1303-1318

Understory plant responses to uneven-aged forestry alternatives in northern hardwood-conifer forests

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURE; CLIMATOLOGY; DROUGHT; HARDWOODS; HARVESTING; SOILS; TIMBER;

EID: 46749135722     PISSN: 00455067     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/X07-236     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (49)

References (76)
  • 1
    • 0034314135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of harvesting and atmospheric pollution on nutrient depletion of eastern US hardwood forests
    • doi:10.1016/S0378- 1127(00)00421-7
    • Adams, M.B., Burger, J.A., Jenkins, A.B., and Zelazny, L. 2000. Impact of harvesting and atmospheric pollution on nutrient depletion of eastern US hardwood forests. For. Ecol. Manage. 138: 301-319. doi:10.1016/S0378- 1127(00)00421-7.
    • (2000) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.138 , pp. 301-319
    • Adams, M.B.1    Burger, J.A.2    Jenkins, A.B.3    Zelazny, L.4
  • 3
    • 0035371539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of forest management on plant species diversity in a Sierran conifer forest
    • doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00463-1
    • Battles, J.J., Shlisky, A.J., Barrett, R.H., Heald, R.C., and Allen-Diaz, B.H. 2001. The effects of forest management on plant species diversity in a Sierran conifer forest. For. Ecol. Manage. 146: 211-222. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00463-1.
    • (2001) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.146 , pp. 211-222
    • Battles, J.J.1    Shlisky, A.J.2    Barrett, R.H.3    Heald, R.C.4    Allen-Diaz, B.H.5
  • 4
    • 0021556740 scopus 로고
    • Influence of microtopography and canopy species on spatial patterns of forest understory plants
    • doi:10.2307/1939121
    • Beatty, S.W. 1984. Influence of microtopography and canopy species on spatial patterns of forest understory plants. Ecology, 65: 1406-1419. doi:10.2307/1939121.
    • (1984) Ecology , vol.65 , pp. 1406-1419
    • Beatty, S.W.1
  • 5
    • 9344261154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat heterogeneity and maintenance of species in understory communities
    • Edited by F.S. Gilliam and M.R. Roberts. Oxford University Press, New York, N.Y. pp
    • Beatty, S.W. 2003. Habitat heterogeneity and maintenance of species in understory communities. In The herbaceous layer in forests of eastern North America. Edited by F.S. Gilliam and M.R. Roberts. Oxford University Press, New York, N.Y. pp. 177-197.
    • (2003) The herbaceous layer in forests of eastern North America , pp. 177-197
    • Beatty, S.W.1
  • 6
    • 11244284916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Harvesting impacts on soil and understory vegetation: The influence of season of harvest and within-site disturbance patterns on clear-cut aspen stands in Minnesota
    • doi:10.1139/x04-097
    • Berger, A.L., Puettmann, K.J., and Host, G.E. 2004. Harvesting impacts on soil and understory vegetation: the influence of season of harvest and within-site disturbance patterns on clear-cut aspen stands in Minnesota. Can. J. For. Res. 34: 2159-2168. doi:10.1139/x04-097.
    • (2004) Can. J. For. Res , vol.34 , pp. 2159-2168
    • Berger, A.L.1    Puettmann, K.J.2    Host, G.E.3
  • 7
    • 46749112715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bremner, J.M. 1996. Nitrogen-total. In Methods of soil analysis. Part 3. Chemical methods. Edited by D.L. Sparks. Soil Science Society of America and American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin. pp. 1085-1121.
    • Bremner, J.M. 1996. Nitrogen-total. In Methods of soil analysis. Part 3. Chemical methods. Edited by D.L. Sparks. Soil Science Society of America and American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin. pp. 1085-1121.
  • 8
    • 0035370590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understory vegetation and site factors: Implications for a managed Wisconsin landscape
    • doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00447-3
    • Brosofske, K.D., Chen, J., and Crow, T.R. 2001. Understory vegetation and site factors: implications for a managed Wisconsin landscape. For. Ecol. Manage. 146: 75-87. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00447-3.
    • (2001) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.146 , pp. 75-87
    • Brosofske, K.D.1    Chen, J.2    Crow, T.R.3
  • 9
    • 0031823044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resource congruence and forest regeneration following an experimental hurricane blow-down
    • Carlton, G.C., and Bazzaz, F.A. 1998. Resource congruence and forest regeneration following an experimental hurricane blow-down. Ecology, 79: 1305-1319.
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , pp. 1305-1319
    • Carlton, G.C.1    Bazzaz, F.A.2
  • 10
    • 0020391070 scopus 로고
    • A simple index of stand density for Douglas-fir
    • Curtis, R.O. 1982. A simple index of stand density for Douglas-fir. For. Sci. 28: 92-94.
    • (1982) For. Sci , vol.28 , pp. 92-94
    • Curtis, R.O.1
  • 11
    • 0030302403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in canopy gap formation among developmental stages of northern hardwood stands
    • Dahir, S.E., and Lorimer, C.G. 1996. Variation in canopy gap formation among developmental stages of northern hardwood stands. Can. J. For. Res. 26: 1875-1892.
    • (1996) Can. J. For. Res , vol.26 , pp. 1875-1892
    • Dahir, S.E.1    Lorimer, C.G.2
  • 12
    • 0031903976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competition between tree seedlings and herbaceous vegetation: Support for a theory of resource supply and demand
    • doi:10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00087.x
    • Davis, M.A., Wrage, K.J., and Reich, P.B. 1998. Competition between tree seedlings and herbaceous vegetation: support for a theory of resource supply and demand. J. Ecol. 86: 652-661. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00087.x.
    • (1998) J. Ecol , vol.86 , pp. 652-661
    • Davis, M.A.1    Wrage, K.J.2    Reich, P.B.3
  • 13
    • 19544391821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of three regeneration harvest methods on plant diversity and soil characteristics in the southern
    • doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2005. 02.064
    • Elliott, K.J., and Knoepp, J.D. 2005. The effects of three regeneration harvest methods on plant diversity and soil characteristics in the southern Appalachians. For. Ecol. Manage. 211: 296-317. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2005. 02.064.
    • (2005) Appalachians. For. Ecol. Manage , vol.211 , pp. 296-317
    • Elliott, K.J.1    Knoepp, J.D.2
  • 14
    • 0024472472 scopus 로고
    • Long-term depletion of calcium and other nutrients in eastern United States forests
    • doi:10.1007/BF01874965
    • Federer, C.A., Hornbeck, J.W., Tritton, L.M., Martin, C.W., Pierce, R.S., and Smith, C.T. 1989. Long-term depletion of calcium and other nutrients in eastern United States forests. Environ. Manage. 13: 593-601. doi:10.1007/BF01874965.
    • (1989) Environ. Manage , vol.13 , pp. 593-601
    • Federer, C.A.1    Hornbeck, J.W.2    Tritton, L.M.3    Martin, C.W.4    Pierce, R.S.5    Smith, C.T.6
  • 15
    • 0034685786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecology - messages from a mountain
    • doi:10.1126/science.288.5469.1183
    • Franklin, J.F., and MacMahon, J.A. 2000. Ecology - messages from a mountain. Science, 288: 1183-1185. doi:10.1126/science.288.5469.1183.
    • (2000) Science , vol.288 , pp. 1183-1185
    • Franklin, J.F.1    MacMahon, J.A.2
  • 16
    • 0002987003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative silvicultural approaches to timber harvesting: Variable retention harvest systems
    • Edited by K.A. Kohm and J.F. Franklin. Island Press, Washington, D.C. pp
    • Franklin, J.F., Berg, D.R., Thornburgh, D.A., and Tappeiner, J.C. 1997. Alternative silvicultural approaches to timber harvesting: variable retention harvest systems. In Creating a forestry for the 21st Century: the science of ecosystem management. Edited by K.A. Kohm and J.F. Franklin. Island Press, Washington, D.C. pp. 111-139.
    • (1997) Creating a forestry for the 21st Century: The science of ecosystem management , pp. 111-139
    • Franklin, J.F.1    Berg, D.R.2    Thornburgh, D.A.3    Tappeiner, J.C.4
  • 18
    • 33746134744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between past land use, life-history traits and understory spatial heterogeneity
    • doi:10.1007/s10980-005-5955-z
    • Fraterrigo, J.M., Turner, M.G., and Pearson, S.M. 2006. Interactions between past land use, life-history traits and understory spatial heterogeneity. Landsc. Ecol. 21: 777-790. doi:10.1007/s10980-005-5955-z.
    • (2006) Landsc. Ecol , vol.21 , pp. 777-790
    • Fraterrigo, J.M.1    Turner, M.G.2    Pearson, S.M.3
  • 19
    • 0036156572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of harvesting on herbaceous layer diversity of a central Appalachian hardwood forest in West Virginia, USA
    • doi:10.1016/S0378-1127 (01)00545-X
    • Gilliam, F.S. 2002. Effects of harvesting on herbaceous layer diversity of a central Appalachian hardwood forest in West Virginia, USA. For. Ecol. Manage. 155: 33-43. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127 (01)00545-X.
    • (2002) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.155 , pp. 33-43
    • Gilliam, F.S.1
  • 20
    • 0027139027 scopus 로고
    • Herbaceous layer cover and biomass in a young versus a mature stand of a central Appalachian hardwood forest
    • doi:10.2307/2996749
    • Gilliam, F.S., and Turrill, N.L. 1993. Herbaceous layer cover and biomass in a young versus a mature stand of a central Appalachian hardwood forest. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 120: 445-450. doi:10.2307/2996749.
    • (1993) Bull. Torrey Bot. Club , vol.120 , pp. 445-450
    • Gilliam, F.S.1    Turrill, N.L.2
  • 21
    • 0028994991 scopus 로고
    • Herbaceous-layer and overstory species in clear-cut and mature central Appalachian hardwood forests
    • doi:10.2307/2269345
    • Gilliam, F.S., Turrill, N.L., and Adams, M.B. 1995. Herbaceous-layer and overstory species in clear-cut and mature central Appalachian hardwood forests. Ecol. Appl. 5: 947-955. doi:10.2307/2269345.
    • (1995) Ecol. Appl , vol.5 , pp. 947-955
    • Gilliam, F.S.1    Turrill, N.L.2    Adams, M.B.3
  • 23
    • 0033553793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population structure in old-growth and managed northern hardwoods: An examination of the balanced diameter distribution concept
    • doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00478-2
    • Goodburn, J.M., and Lorimer, C.G. 1999. Population structure in old-growth and managed northern hardwoods: an examination of the balanced diameter distribution concept. For. Ecol. Manage. 118: 11-29. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00478-2.
    • (1999) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.118 , pp. 11-29
    • Goodburn, J.M.1    Lorimer, C.G.2
  • 24
    • 33746931741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of carbon-nutrient balance on herb and woody plant abundance in temperate forest understories
    • doi:10.1658/1100-9233(2006) 17[217:TIOCNB]2.0.CO;2
    • Graves, J.H., Peet, R.K., and White, P.S. 2006. The influence of carbon-nutrient balance on herb and woody plant abundance in temperate forest understories. J. Veg. Sci. 17: 217-226. doi:10.1658/1100-9233(2006) 17[217:TIOCNB]2.0.CO;2.
    • (2006) J. Veg. Sci , vol.17 , pp. 217-226
    • Graves, J.H.1    Peet, R.K.2    White, P.S.3
  • 25
    • 0034313831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of extensive forest management on soil productivity
    • doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(00) 00395-9
    • Grigal, D.F. 2000. Effects of extensive forest management on soil productivity. For. Ecol. Manage. 138: 167-185. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(00) 00395-9.
    • (2000) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.138 , pp. 167-185
    • Grigal, D.F.1
  • 26
    • 0024874559 scopus 로고
    • Early successional patterns of forest species - interactions of life-history traits and disturbance
    • doi:10.2307/1940221
    • Halpern, C.B. 1989. Early successional patterns of forest species - interactions of life-history traits and disturbance. Ecology, 70: 704-720. doi:10.2307/1940221.
    • (1989) Ecology , vol.70 , pp. 704-720
    • Halpern, C.B.1
  • 27
    • 0028994987 scopus 로고
    • Plant-species diversity in natural and managed forests of the Pacific-Northwest
    • doi:10.2307/2269343
    • Halpern, C.B., and Spies, T.A. 1995. Plant-species diversity in natural and managed forests of the Pacific-Northwest. Ecol. Appl. 5: 913-934. doi:10.2307/2269343.
    • (1995) Ecol. Appl , vol.5 , pp. 913-934
    • Halpern, C.B.1    Spies, T.A.2
  • 28
    • 13944280746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial responses of forest understories to varying levels and patterns of green-tree retention
    • doi:10.1890/03-6000
    • Halpern, C.B., McKenzie, D., Evans, S.A., and Maguire, D.A. 2005. Initial responses of forest understories to varying levels and patterns of green-tree retention. Ecol. Appl. 15: 175-195. doi:10.1890/03-6000.
    • (2005) Ecol. Appl , vol.15 , pp. 175-195
    • Halpern, C.B.1    McKenzie, D.2    Evans, S.A.3    Maguire, D.A.4
  • 29
    • 0001546151 scopus 로고
    • Ants disperse a majority of herbs in a Mesic forest community in New York State
    • doi:10.2307/2484443
    • Handel, S.N., Fisch, S.B., and Schatz, G.E. 1981. Ants disperse a majority of herbs in a Mesic forest community in New York State. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 108: 430-437. doi:10.2307/2484443.
    • (1981) Bull. Torrey Bot. Club , vol.108 , pp. 430-437
    • Handel, S.N.1    Fisch, S.B.2    Schatz, G.E.3
  • 30
    • 0000006498 scopus 로고
    • Diversity and evenness: A unifying notation and its consequences
    • doi:10.2307/1934352
    • Hill, M.O. 1973. Diversity and evenness: a unifying notation and its consequences. Ecology, 54: 427-431. doi:10.2307/1934352.
    • (1973) Ecology , vol.54 , pp. 427-431
    • Hill, M.O.1
  • 31
    • 0028890650 scopus 로고
    • Environmental factors affecting understory diversity in second-growth deciduous forests
    • doi:10.2307/2426492
    • Huebner, C.D., Randolph, J.C., and Parker, G.R. 1995. Environmental factors affecting understory diversity in second-growth deciduous forests. Am. Midl. Nat. 134: 155-165. doi:10.2307/2426492.
    • (1995) Am. Midl. Nat , vol.134 , pp. 155-165
    • Huebner, C.D.1    Randolph, J.C.2    Parker, G.R.3
  • 32
    • 0026312950 scopus 로고
    • Colonization dynamics of herbs and shrubs in a disturbed northern hardwood forest
    • doi:10.2307/2260656
    • Hughes, J.W., and Fahey, T.J. 1991. Colonization dynamics of herbs and shrubs in a disturbed northern hardwood forest. J. Ecol. 79: 605-616. doi:10.2307/2260656.
    • (1991) J. Ecol , vol.79 , pp. 605-616
    • Hughes, J.W.1    Fahey, T.J.2
  • 33
    • 0032831188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape patterns of understory composition and richness across a moisture and nitrogen mineralization gradient in Ohio (USA) Quercus forests
    • doi:10.1023/A:1009804020976
    • Hutchinson, T.F., Boerner, R.E.J., Iverson, L.R., Sutherland, S., and Sutherland, E.K. 1999. Landscape patterns of understory composition and richness across a moisture and nitrogen mineralization gradient in Ohio (USA) Quercus forests. Plant Ecol. 144: 177-189. doi:10.1023/A:1009804020976.
    • (1999) Plant Ecol , vol.144 , pp. 177-189
    • Hutchinson, T.F.1    Boerner, R.E.J.2    Iverson, L.R.3    Sutherland, S.4    Sutherland, E.K.5
  • 34
    • 0032764904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Composition and diversity of ground-layer vegetation in silvicultural openings of southern Indiana forests
    • doi:10.1674/0003-0031(1999)142[0001:CADOGV]2.0. CO;2
    • Jenkins, M.A., and Parker, G.R. 1999. Composition and diversity of ground-layer vegetation in silvicultural openings of southern Indiana forests. Am. Midl. Nat. 142: 1-16. doi:10.1674/0003-0031(1999)142[0001:CADOGV]2.0. CO;2.
    • (1999) Am. Midl. Nat , vol.142 , pp. 1-16
    • Jenkins, M.A.1    Parker, G.R.2
  • 35
    • 0030798448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conservation of exchangeable cations after clear-cutting of a northern hardwood forest
    • doi:10.1139/cjfr-27-6-859
    • Johnson, C.E., Romanowicz, R.B., and Siccama, T.G. 1997. Conservation of exchangeable cations after clear-cutting of a northern hardwood forest. Can. J. For. Res. 27: 859-868. doi:10.1139/cjfr-27-6-859.
    • (1997) Can. J. For. Res , vol.27 , pp. 859-868
    • Johnson, C.E.1    Romanowicz, R.B.2    Siccama, T.G.3
  • 36
    • 33749526658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing for late-successional/old-growth characteristics in northern hardwood-conifer forests
    • doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2006.08.005
    • Keeton, W.S. 2006. Managing for late-successional/old-growth characteristics in northern hardwood-conifer forests. For. Ecol. Manage. 235: 129-142. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2006.08.005.
    • (2006) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.235 , pp. 129-142
    • Keeton, W.S.1
  • 37
    • 34247244777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mature and oldgrowth riparian forests: Structure, dynamics, and effects on Adirondack stream habitats
    • PMID:17494402, doi:10.1890/06-1172
    • Keeton, W.S., Kraft, C.E., and Warren, D.R. 2007. Mature and oldgrowth riparian forests: structure, dynamics, and effects on Adirondack stream habitats. Ecol. Appl. 17: 852-868. doi:10.1890/06-1172. PMID:17494402.
    • (2007) Ecol. Appl , vol.17 , pp. 852-868
    • Keeton, W.S.1    Kraft, C.E.2    Warren, D.R.3
  • 38
    • 33745441939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ground-layer plant community responses to even-age and uneven-age silvicultural treatments in Wisconsin northern hardwood forests
    • doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2006.03.034
    • Kern, C.C., Palik, B.J., and Strong, T.F. 2006. Ground-layer plant community responses to even-age and uneven-age silvicultural treatments in Wisconsin northern hardwood forests. For. Ecol. Manage. 230: 162-170. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2006.03.034.
    • (2006) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.230 , pp. 162-170
    • Kern, C.C.1    Palik, B.J.2    Strong, T.F.3
  • 39
    • 2342525241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of environment, habitat configuration and forest continuity on the distribution of forest plant species
    • doi:10.1658/1100-9233(2004)015[0199:EOEHCA]2. 0.CO;2
    • Kolb, A., and Diekmann, M. 2004. Effects of environment, habitat configuration and forest continuity on the distribution of forest plant species. J. Veg. Sci. 15: 199-208. doi:10.1658/1100-9233(2004)015[0199:EOEHCA]2. 0.CO;2.
    • (2004) J. Veg. Sci , vol.15 , pp. 199-208
    • Kolb, A.1    Diekmann, M.2
  • 41
    • 33745113776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General management principles and a checklist of strategies to guide forest biodiversity conservation
    • doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2006.02. 019
    • Lindenmayer, D.B., Franklin, J.F., and Fischer, J. 2006. General management principles and a checklist of strategies to guide forest biodiversity conservation. Biol. Conserv. 131: 433-445. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2006.02. 019.
    • (2006) Biol. Conserv , vol.131 , pp. 433-445
    • Lindenmayer, D.B.1    Franklin, J.F.2    Fischer, J.3
  • 42
    • 0034080605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape and species-level distribution of morphological and life history traits in a temperate woodland flora
    • doi:10.2307/3236801
    • Mabry, C., Ackerly, D., and Fritz, G. 2000. Landscape and species-level distribution of morphological and life history traits in a temperate woodland flora. J. Veg. Sci. 11: 213-224. doi:10.2307/3236801.
    • (2000) J. Veg. Sci , vol.11 , pp. 213-224
    • Mabry, C.1    Ackerly, D.2    Fritz, G.3
  • 43
    • 33947108860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understory plant communities of boreal mixedwood forests in western Canada: Natural patterns and response to variable-retention harvesting
    • doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2007.01.029
    • Macdonald, S.E., and Fenniak, T.E. 2007. Understory plant communities of boreal mixedwood forests in western Canada: natural patterns and response to variable-retention harvesting. For. Ecol. Manage. 242: 34-48. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2007.01.029.
    • (2007) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.242 , pp. 34-48
    • Macdonald, S.E.1    Fenniak, T.E.2
  • 47
    • 46749145416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • McCune, B, and Mefford, M.J. 1999. PC-ORD. Multivariate analysis of ecological data. Version 4.41. MjM Software, Gleneden Beach, Oregon
    • McCune, B., and Mefford, M.J. 1999. PC-ORD. Multivariate analysis of ecological data. Version 4.41. MjM Software, Gleneden Beach, Oregon.
  • 48
    • 33745184894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of structural complexity enhancement on eastern red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus) populations in northern hardwood forests
    • doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2006.04.034
    • McKenny, H.C., Keeton, W.S., and Donovan, T.M. 2006. Effects of structural complexity enhancement on eastern red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus) populations in northern hardwood forests. For. Ecol. Manage. 230: 186-196. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2006.04.034.
    • (2006) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.230 , pp. 186-196
    • McKenny, H.C.1    Keeton, W.S.2    Donovan, T.M.3
  • 49
    • 0028994989 scopus 로고
    • Possible ecological mechanisms for loss of vernal-herb diversity in logged eastern deciduous forests
    • doi:10.2307/2269344
    • Meier, A.J., Bratton, S.P., and Duffy, D.C. 1995. Possible ecological mechanisms for loss of vernal-herb diversity in logged eastern deciduous forests. Ecol. Appl. 5: 935-946. doi:10.2307/2269344.
    • (1995) Ecol. Appl , vol.5 , pp. 935-946
    • Meier, A.J.1    Bratton, S.P.2    Duffy, D.C.3
  • 50
    • 0021541561 scopus 로고
    • Understory response to 50 years of management of a northern hardwood forest in upper
    • doi:10.2307/2425428
    • Metzger, F., and Schultz, J. 1984. Understory response to 50 years of management of a northern hardwood forest in upper Michigan. Am. Midl. Nat. 112: 209-223. doi:10.2307/2425428.
    • (1984) Michigan. Am. Midl. Nat , vol.112 , pp. 209-223
    • Metzger, F.1    Schultz, J.2
  • 51
    • 13144285670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) as an indicator of soil moisture
    • Mika, J., Horvath, S., Makra, L., and Dunkel, Z. 2005. The Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) as an indicator of soil moisture. Phys. Chem. Earth, 30: 223-230.
    • (2005) Phys. Chem. Earth , vol.30 , pp. 223-230
    • Mika, J.1    Horvath, S.2    Makra, L.3    Dunkel, Z.4
  • 52
    • 0036153877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural disturbance as a guide to silviculture - Preface
    • doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00568-0
    • Mitchell, R., Huater, M., and Palik, B. 2002. Natural disturbance as a guide to silviculture - Preface. For. Ecol. Manage. 155: 315-317. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00568-0.
    • (2002) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.155 , pp. 315-317
    • Mitchell, R.1    Huater, M.2    Palik, B.3
  • 53
    • 3442881986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recovery of late-seral vascular plants in a chronosequence of post-clearcut forest stands in coastal Nova Scotia, Canada
    • doi:10.1023/B:VEGE.0000026326.09137.06
    • Moola, F.M., and Vasseur, L. 2004. Recovery of late-seral vascular plants in a chronosequence of post-clearcut forest stands in coastal Nova Scotia, Canada. Plant Ecol. 172: 183-197. doi:10.1023/B:VEGE.0000026326.09137.06.
    • (2004) Plant Ecol , vol.172 , pp. 183-197
    • Moola, F.M.1    Vasseur, L.2
  • 54
    • 46749138765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). 2007. Climate division: temperature-precipitation-drought data. Available from http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ oa/climate/onlineprod/drought/ftppage.html [Accessed 27 April 2007].
    • National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). 2007. Climate division: temperature-precipitation-drought data. Available from http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ oa/climate/onlineprod/drought/ftppage.html [Accessed 27 April 2007].
  • 55
    • 0004079538 scopus 로고
    • Oliver, J.E, and Fairbridge, R.W, Editors, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York
    • Oliver, J.E., and Fairbridge, R.W. (Editors). 1987. The encyclopedia of climatology. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
    • (1987) The encyclopedia of climatology
  • 56
    • 0033959983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodiversity conservation at multiple scales: Functional sites, landscapes, and networks
    • doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2000)050[0133: BCAMSF]2.3.CO;2
    • Poiani, K.A., Richter, B.D., Anderson, M.G., and Richter, H.E. 2000. Biodiversity conservation at multiple scales: functional sites, landscapes, and networks. Bioscience, 50: 133-146. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2000)050[0133: BCAMSF]2.3.CO;2.
    • (2000) Bioscience , vol.50 , pp. 133-146
    • Poiani, K.A.1    Richter, B.D.2    Anderson, M.G.3    Richter, H.E.4
  • 57
    • 0021054749 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of topography to soils and vegetation in an upper Michigan ecosystem
    • Pregitzer, K.S., Barnes, B.V., and Lemme, G.D. 1983. Relationship of topography to soils and vegetation in an upper Michigan ecosystem. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 47: 117-123.
    • (1983) Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J , vol.47 , pp. 117-123
    • Pregitzer, K.S.1    Barnes, B.V.2    Lemme, G.D.3
  • 58
    • 26944477813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ramovs, B.V., and Roberts, M.R. 2005. Response of plant functional groups within plantations and naturally regenerated forests in southern New Brunswick, Canada. Can. J. For. Res. 35: 1261-1276. doi:10.1139/x05-049.
    • Ramovs, B.V., and Roberts, M.R. 2005. Response of plant functional groups within plantations and naturally regenerated forests in southern New Brunswick, Canada. Can. J. For. Res. 35: 1261-1276. doi:10.1139/x05-049.
  • 59
    • 0023519843 scopus 로고
    • Loss of species from deciduous forest understorey immediately following selective tree harvesting
    • doi:10.1016/0006-3207(87)90134-0
    • Reader, R.J. 1987. Loss of species from deciduous forest understorey immediately following selective tree harvesting. Biol. Conserv. 42: 231-244. doi:10.1016/0006-3207(87)90134-0.
    • (1987) Biol. Conserv , vol.42 , pp. 231-244
    • Reader, R.J.1
  • 60
    • 46749099476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rechlin, M., Twery, M., Wade, G., and Storey, M. 2000. The other half of a Forever Wild park: education and research at the Adirondack visitor interpretive center. Adirondack J. of Environ. Studies, 7: 5-11.
    • Rechlin, M., Twery, M., Wade, G., and Storey, M. 2000. The other half of a "Forever Wild" park: education and research at the Adirondack visitor interpretive center. Adirondack J. of Environ. Studies, 7: 5-11.
  • 61
    • 0036229562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of forest plantation management on herbaceous-layer composition and diversity
    • doi:10.1139/b02-023
    • Roberts, M.R. 2002. Effects of forest plantation management on herbaceous-layer composition and diversity. Can. J. Bot. 80: 378-389. doi:10.1139/b02-023.
    • (2002) Can. J. Bot , vol.80 , pp. 378-389
    • Roberts, M.R.1
  • 62
    • 9344257258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of the herbaceous layer to natural disturbance in North American forests
    • doi:10.1139/b04-091
    • Roberts, M.R. 2004. Response of the herbaceous layer to natural disturbance in North American forests. Can. J. Bot. 82: 1273-1283. doi:10.1139/b04-091.
    • (2004) Can. J. Bot , vol.82 , pp. 1273-1283
    • Roberts, M.R.1
  • 63
    • 0033055931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understory herb assemblages 25 and 60 years after clearcutting of a northern hardwood forest, USA
    • doi:10.1016/S0006-3207(99)00032- 4
    • Ruben, J.A., Bolger, D.T., Peart, D.R., and Ayres, M.P. 1999. Understory herb assemblages 25 and 60 years after clearcutting of a northern hardwood forest, USA. Biol. Conserv. 90: 203-215. doi:10.1016/S0006-3207(99)00032- 4.
    • (1999) Biol. Conserv , vol.90 , pp. 203-215
    • Ruben, J.A.1    Bolger, D.T.2    Peart, D.R.3    Ayres, M.P.4
  • 64
    • 0033922751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canopy tree turnover in old-growth mesic forests of eastern North America
    • Runkle, J. 2000. Canopy tree turnover in old-growth mesic forests of eastern North America. Ecology, 81: 554-567.
    • (2000) Ecology , vol.81 , pp. 554-567
    • Runkle, J.1
  • 65
    • 46749130200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SAS Institute Inc. 2003. SAS System for Windows, version 9.1.3. SAS Institute Inc, Cary, N.C
    • SAS Institute Inc. 2003. SAS System for Windows, version 9.1.3. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, N.C.
  • 66
    • 0035743360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anthropogenic calcium depletion: A unique threat to forest ecosystem health?
    • doi:10.1046/j.1526-0992.2001.01046.x
    • Schaberg, P.G., DeHayes, D.H., and Hawley, G.J. 2001. Anthropogenic calcium depletion: A unique threat to forest ecosystem health? Ecosyst. Health, 7: 214-228. doi:10.1046/j.1526-0992.2001.01046.x.
    • (2001) Ecosyst. Health , vol.7 , pp. 214-228
    • Schaberg, P.G.1    DeHayes, D.H.2    Hawley, G.J.3
  • 67
    • 0036825839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understory species patterns and diversity in old-growth and managed northern hardwood forests
    • doi:10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[1329:USPADI]2.0.CO;2
    • Scheller, R.M., and Mladenoff, D.J. 2002. Understory species patterns and diversity in old-growth and managed northern hardwood forests. Ecol. Appl. 12: 1329-1343. doi:10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[1329:USPADI]2.0.CO;2.
    • (2002) Ecol. Appl , vol.12 , pp. 1329-1343
    • Scheller, R.M.1    Mladenoff, D.J.2
  • 68
    • 46749128209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seymour, R.S. 2005. Integrating natural disturbance parameters into conventional silvicultural systems: experience from the Acadian forest of northeastern North America. In Balancing ecosystem values: innovative experiments for sustainable forestry. Edited by C.E. Peterson and D.A. Maguire. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-635. pp. 41-49.
    • Seymour, R.S. 2005. Integrating natural disturbance parameters into conventional silvicultural systems: experience from the Acadian forest of northeastern North America. In Balancing ecosystem values: innovative experiments for sustainable forestry. Edited by C.E. Peterson and D.A. Maguire. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-635. pp. 41-49.
  • 69
    • 0036154295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural disturbance regimes in northeastern North America - evaluating silvicultural systems using natural scales and frequencies
    • doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00572-2
    • Seymour, R.S., White, A., and deMaynadier, P. 2002. Natural disturbance regimes in northeastern North America - evaluating silvicultural systems using natural scales and frequencies. For. Ecol. Manage. 155: 357-367. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00572-2.
    • (2002) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.155 , pp. 357-367
    • Seymour, R.S.1    White, A.2    deMaynadier, P.3
  • 70
    • 0027332772 scopus 로고
    • Species richness of experimental productivity gradients - how important is colonization limitation?
    • doi:10.2307/1939572
    • Tilman, D. 1993. Species richness of experimental productivity gradients - how important is colonization limitation? Ecology, 74: 2179-2191. doi:10.2307/1939572.
    • (1993) Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 2179-2191
    • Tilman, D.1
  • 72
    • 15344345824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modern forestry vehicles and their impact on soil physical properties
    • Vossbrink, J., and Horn, R. 2004. Modern forestry vehicles and their impact on soil physical properties. Eur. J. For. Res. 123: 259-267.
    • (2004) Eur. J. For. Res , vol.123 , pp. 259-267
    • Vossbrink, J.1    Horn, R.2
  • 73
    • 46749108909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wade, G.L., Meyers, J.A., Martin, C.R., Detmar, K., Mator, W., Twery, M.J., and Rechlin, M. 2003. Vascular plant species of the Forest Ecology Research and Demonstration Area, Paul Smith's, New York. USDA For. Serv. Res. Note NE-380.
    • Wade, G.L., Meyers, J.A., Martin, C.R., Detmar, K., Mator, W., Twery, M.J., and Rechlin, M. 2003. Vascular plant species of the Forest Ecology Research and Demonstration Area, Paul Smith's, New York. USDA For. Serv. Res. Note NE-380.
  • 74
    • 31144451095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fifty years of change in northern upland forest understories: Identity and traits of "winner" and "loser" plant species
    • doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2005.10.027
    • Wiegmann, S.M., and Waller, D.M. 2006. Fifty years of change in northern upland forest understories: identity and traits of "winner" and "loser" plant species. Biol. Conserv. 129: 109-123. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2005.10.027.
    • (2006) Biol. Conserv , vol.129 , pp. 109-123
    • Wiegmann, S.M.1    Waller, D.M.2
  • 75
    • 46749094700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wolf, A., and Beegle, D. 1995. Recommended soil tests for macronutrients: phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium. Recommended soil testing procedures for the northeastern United States. 2nd ed. Northeastern Regional Publication No. 493. NEC-67. Agricultural Experiment Stations of Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, and West Virginia. Revised December 15, 1995. pp. 30-38.
    • Wolf, A., and Beegle, D. 1995. Recommended soil tests for macronutrients: phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium. Recommended soil testing procedures for the northeastern United States. 2nd ed. Northeastern Regional Publication No. 493. NEC-67. Agricultural Experiment Stations of Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, and West Virginia. Revised December 15, 1995. pp. 30-38.
  • 76
    • 33745683674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drought impacts and recovery are driven by local variation in species turnover
    • doi:10.1007/s11258-005-9076-1
    • Yurkonis, K.A., and Meiners, S.J. 2006. Drought impacts and recovery are driven by local variation in species turnover. Plant Ecol. 184: 325-336. doi:10.1007/s11258-005-9076-1.
    • (2006) Plant Ecol , vol.184 , pp. 325-336
    • Yurkonis, K.A.1    Meiners, S.J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.