메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 118, Issue 1-3, 1999, Pages 11-29

Population structure in old-growth and managed northern hardwoods: An examination of the balanced diameter distribution concept

Author keywords

Diameter distributions Growing space allocation; Negative exponential; Northern hardwood forests; Old growth forests; Q ratios; Rotated sigmoid; Stand dynamics; Stand structure; Sustainable forestry; Uneven aged management

Indexed keywords

FOREST MANAGEMENT; METHODOLOGY; POPULATION STRUCTURE;

EID: 0033553793     PISSN: 03781127     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00478-2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (101)

References (59)
  • 1
    • 0001123155 scopus 로고
    • Optimizing the management of uneven-aged forest stands
    • Adams D.M., Ek A.R. Optimizing the management of uneven-aged forest stands. Can. J. For. Res. 4:1974;274-287.
    • (1974) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.4 , pp. 274-287
    • Adams, D.M.1    Ek, A.R.2
  • 2
    • 0003948520 scopus 로고
    • Regional landscape ecosystems of Michigan
    • Minnesota, and Wisconsin: a working map and classification.
    • Albert, D.A., 1995. Regional landscape ecosystems of Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin: a working map and classification. U.S. For. Serv. North Central For. Exp. Stn. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-178
    • (1995) U.S. For. Serv. North Central For. Exp. Stn. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC- , vol.178
    • Albert, D.A.1
  • 4
    • 0012529921 scopus 로고
    • Marking guides for northern hardwoods under the selection system
    • paper 56
    • Arbogast, C. Jr., 1957. Marking guides for northern hardwoods under the selection system. US For. Serv. Lakes States For. Exp. Stn., paper 56
    • (1957) US For. Serv. Lakes States For. Exp. Stn.
    • Arbogast C., Jr.1
  • 6
    • 0000450652 scopus 로고
    • Determining investment-efficient diameter distributions for uneven-aged northern hardwoods
    • Bare B.B., Opalach D. Determining investment-efficient diameter distributions for uneven-aged northern hardwoods. For. Sci. 34:1988;243-249.
    • (1988) For. Sci. , vol.34 , pp. 243-249
    • Bare, B.B.1    Opalach, D.2
  • 8
    • 0028180423 scopus 로고
    • Causes and consequences of resource heterogeneity in forests: Interspecific variation in light transmission by canopy trees
    • Canham C.D., Finzi A.C., Pacala S.W., Burbank D.H. Causes and consequences of resource heterogeneity in forests: interspecific variation in light transmission by canopy trees. Can. J. For. Res. 24:1994;337-349.
    • (1994) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.24 , pp. 337-349
    • Canham, C.D.1    Finzi, A.C.2    Pacala, S.W.3    Burbank, D.H.4
  • 10
    • 0028160829 scopus 로고
    • Predicting tree growth from crown variables in managed northern hardwood stands
    • Cole W.G., Lorimer C.G. Predicting tree growth from crown variables in managed northern hardwood stands. For. Ecol. Manage. 67:1994;159-175.
    • (1994) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.67 , pp. 159-175
    • Cole, W.G.1    Lorimer, C.G.2
  • 12
    • 0030302403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in canopy gap formation among developmental stages of northern hardwood stands
    • Dahir S.E., Lorimer C.G. Variation in canopy gap formation among developmental stages of northern hardwood stands. Can. J. For. Res. 26:1996;1875-1892.
    • (1996) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.26 , pp. 1875-1892
    • Dahir, S.E.1    Lorimer, C.G.2
  • 14
    • 0000911599 scopus 로고
    • Developing quality in second-growth stands
    • In: Mroz, G.D., Reed, D.D. (Eds.). Michigan Technological University, Houghton
    • Erdmann, G.G., 1986. Developing quality in second-growth stands. In: Mroz, G.D., Reed, D.D. (Eds.), The Northern Hardwood Resource: Management and Potential. Michigan Technological University, Houghton, pp. 206-222
    • (1986) The Northern Hardwood Resource: Management and Potential , pp. 206-222
    • Erdmann, G.G.1
  • 15
    • 0025630882 scopus 로고
    • Stand development and economic analysis of alternative cutting methods in northern hardwoods: 32-year results
    • Erickson M.D., Reed D.D., Mroz G.D. Stand development and economic analysis of alternative cutting methods in northern hardwoods: 32-year results. North. J. Appl. For. 7:1990;153-158.
    • (1990) North. J. Appl. For. , vol.7 , pp. 153-158
    • Erickson, M.D.1    Reed, D.D.2    Mroz, G.D.3
  • 17
    • 0345665840 scopus 로고
    • The selection system of silviculture in spruce-fir stands: procedures, early results, and comparisons with unmanaged stands
    • Frank, R.M., Blum, B.M., 1978. The selection system of silviculture in spruce-fir stands: procedures, early results, and comparisons with unmanaged stands. U.S. For. Serv. Northeast. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. NE-425
    • (1978) U.S. For. Serv. Northeast. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. NE- , vol.425
    • Frank, R.M.1    Blum, B.M.2
  • 18
    • 0028165719 scopus 로고
    • Age-class distribution and spatial patterns in an old-growth hemlock-hardwood forest
    • Frelich L.E., Graumlich L.J. Age-class distribution and spatial patterns in an old-growth hemlock-hardwood forest. Can. J. For. Res. 24:1994;1939-1947.
    • (1994) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.24 , pp. 1939-1947
    • Frelich, L.E.1    Graumlich, L.J.2
  • 19
    • 0026311817 scopus 로고
    • A simulation of landscape-level stand dynamics in the northern hardwood region
    • Frelich, L.E., Lorimer, C.G., 1991a. A simulation of landscape-level stand dynamics in the northern hardwood region. J. Ecol. 79, 223-233
    • (1991) J. Ecol. , vol.79 , pp. 223-233
    • Frelich, L.E.1    Lorimer, C.G.2
  • 20
    • 0026005385 scopus 로고
    • Natural disturbance regimes in hemlock-hardwood forests of the upper Great Lakes region
    • Frelich, L.E., Lorimer, C.G., 1991b. Natural disturbance regimes in hemlock-hardwood forests of the upper Great Lakes region. Ecol. Monogr. 61, 145-164
    • (1991) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.61 , pp. 145-164
    • Frelich, L.E.1    Lorimer, C.G.2
  • 21
    • 0003260062 scopus 로고
    • The northern hardwood forest: its composition, growth, and management
    • Frothingham, E.H., 1915. The northern hardwood forest: its composition, growth, and management. US Dept. Agr. Bull., 285
    • (1915) US Dept. Agr. Bull. , vol.285
    • Frothingham, E.H.1
  • 22
    • 0002429465 scopus 로고
    • Canopy-understory interaction effects on forest population structure
    • Goff F.G., West D. Canopy-understory interaction effects on forest population structure. For. Sci. 21:1975;98-108.
    • (1975) For. Sci. , vol.21 , pp. 98-108
    • Goff, F.G.1    West, D.2
  • 23
    • 0345665323 scopus 로고
    • Even-flow sustained yield is antisocial
    • Gould E.M. Even-flow sustained yield is antisocial. J. For. 82:1984;641.
    • (1984) J. For. , vol.82 , pp. 641
    • Gould, E.M.1
  • 24
    • 0026288067 scopus 로고
    • Uneven-aged BDq regulation of Sierra Nevada mixed conifers
    • Guldin J.M. Uneven-aged BDq regulation of Sierra Nevada mixed conifers. West. J. Appl. For. 6:1991;27-32.
    • (1991) West. J. Appl. For. , vol.6 , pp. 27-32
    • Guldin, J.M.1
  • 25
    • 0020377871 scopus 로고
    • Gap dynamics in a hemlock-hardwood forest
    • Hibbs D.E. Gap dynamics in a hemlock-hardwood forest. Can. J. For. Res. 12:1982;522-527.
    • (1982) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.12 , pp. 522-527
    • Hibbs, D.E.1
  • 26
    • 0004153856 scopus 로고
    • Univ. of Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI
    • Hole, F.D., 1976. Soils of Wisconsin. Univ. of Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI
    • (1976) Soils of Wisconsin
    • Hole, F.D.1
  • 29
    • 0008113178 scopus 로고
    • Some diameter distributions in forest stands of northwestern Pennsylvania
    • Hough A.F. Some diameter distributions in forest stands of northwestern Pennsylvania. J. For. 30:1932;933-943.
    • (1932) J. For. , vol.30 , pp. 933-943
    • Hough, A.F.1
  • 30
    • 0024447612 scopus 로고
    • A harvesting guide for uneven-aged northern hardwood stands
    • Kaya I., Buongiorno J. A harvesting guide for uneven-aged northern hardwood stands. North. J. Appl. For. 6:1989;9-14.
    • (1989) North. J. Appl. For. , vol.6 , pp. 9-14
    • Kaya, I.1    Buongiorno, J.2
  • 32
    • 0345233341 scopus 로고
    • Stand development and yields of Appalachian hardwood stands managed with single-tree selection for at least 30 years
    • Lamson, N.I., Smith, H.C., 1991. Stand development and yields of Appalachian hardwood stands managed with single-tree selection for at least 30 years. U.S. For. Serv. Northeast. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. NE-655
    • (1991) U.S. For. Serv. Northeast. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. NE- , vol.655
    • Lamson, N.I.1    Smith, H.C.2
  • 33
    • 0029811996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term structural change in uneven-aged northern hardwoods
    • Leak W.B. Long-term structural change in uneven-aged northern hardwoods. For. Sci. 42:1996;160-165.
    • (1996) For. Sci. , vol.42 , pp. 160-165
    • Leak, W.B.1
  • 35
    • 0022180570 scopus 로고
    • Methodological considerations in the analysis of forest disturbance history
    • Lorimer C.G. Methodological considerations in the analysis of forest disturbance history. Can. J. For. Res. 15:1985;200-213.
    • (1985) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.15 , pp. 200-213
    • Lorimer, C.G.1
  • 36
    • 0000465564 scopus 로고
    • A simulation of equilibrium diameter distributions of sugar maple (Acer saccharum)
    • Lorimer C.G., Frelich L.E. A simulation of equilibrium diameter distributions of sugar maple (Acer saccharum). Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 111:1984;193-199.
    • (1984) Bull. Torrey Bot. Club , vol.111 , pp. 193-199
    • Lorimer, C.G.1    Frelich, L.E.2
  • 37
    • 0007578356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A structural alternative to chronosequence analysis for uneven-aged northern hardwood forests
    • Lorimer C.G., Frelich L.E. A structural alternative to chronosequence analysis for uneven-aged northern hardwood forests. J. Sustain. For. 6:1998;347-366.
    • (1998) J. Sustain. For. , vol.6 , pp. 347-366
    • Lorimer, C.G.1    Frelich, L.E.2
  • 38
    • 0021081806 scopus 로고
    • Diameter distributions in even-aged stands of shade- tolerant and midtolerant tree species
    • Lorimer C.G., Krug A.G. Diameter distributions in even-aged stands of shade- tolerant and midtolerant tree species. Amer. Midl. Nat. 109:1983;331-345.
    • (1983) Amer. Midl. Nat. , vol.109 , pp. 331-345
    • Lorimer, C.G.1    Krug, A.G.2
  • 39
    • 12644307730 scopus 로고
    • Application of uneven-aged silviculture and management on public and private lands
    • USDA For. Serv., Timber Management Research. Washington, DC
    • Marquis, D.A., 1978. Application of uneven-aged silviculture and management on public and private lands. In: Uneven-aged Silviculture and Management in the United States. USDA For. Serv., Timber Management Research, Washington, DC
    • (1978) Uneven-aged Silviculture and Management in the United States
    • Marquis, D.A.1
  • 40
    • 0002890572 scopus 로고
    • Structure, growth, and drain in balanced uneven-aged forests
    • Meyer H.A. Structure, growth, and drain in balanced uneven-aged forests. J. For. 50:1952;85-92.
    • (1952) J. For. , vol.50 , pp. 85-92
    • Meyer, H.A.1
  • 41
    • 0001435934 scopus 로고
    • The structure and growth of virgin beech-birch-maple-hemlock forests in northern Pennsylvania
    • Meyer H.A., Stevenson D.D. The structure and growth of virgin beech-birch-maple-hemlock forests in northern Pennsylvania. J. Agric. Res. 67:1943;465-484.
    • (1943) J. Agric. Res. , vol.67 , pp. 465-484
    • Meyer, H.A.1    Stevenson, D.D.2
  • 42
    • 0020384428 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation patterns in the mixed mesophytic forest of eastern Kentucky
    • Muller R.N. Vegetation patterns in the mixed mesophytic forest of eastern Kentucky. Ecology. 63:1982;1901-1917.
    • (1982) Ecology , vol.63 , pp. 1901-1917
    • Muller, R.N.1
  • 43
    • 0026301471 scopus 로고
    • Selection management of shortleaf pine in the Ouachita Mountains
    • Murphy P.A., Baker J.B., Lawson E.R. Selection management of shortleaf pine in the Ouachita Mountains. South. J. Appl. For. 15:1991;61-67.
    • (1991) South. J. Appl. For. , vol.15 , pp. 61-67
    • Murphy, P.A.1    Baker, J.B.2    Lawson, E.R.3
  • 45
    • 0030453310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics and stocking-level relationships of multi-aged ponderosa pine stands
    • Monograph 33
    • O'Hara, K.L., 1996. Dynamics and stocking-level relationships of multi-aged ponderosa pine stands. For. Sci., 42, Monograph 33.
    • (1996) For. Sci. , vol.42
    • O'Hara, K.L.1
  • 47
    • 0028983682 scopus 로고
    • Canopy mortality and stand-scale change in a northern hemlock-hardwood forest
    • Parshall T. Canopy mortality and stand-scale change in a northern hemlock-hardwood forest. Can. J. For. Res. 25:1995;1466-1478.
    • (1995) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.25 , pp. 1466-1478
    • Parshall, T.1
  • 49
    • 0023468464 scopus 로고
    • Treefalls revisited: Gap dynamics in the southern Appalachians
    • Runkle J.R., Yetter T.C. Treefalls revisited: gap dynamics in the southern Appalachians. Ecology. 68:1987;417-424.
    • (1987) Ecology , vol.68 , pp. 417-424
    • Runkle, J.R.1    Yetter, T.C.2
  • 50
    • 84896551032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Balance and sustainability in multiaged stands: A northern conifer case study
    • Seymour R.S., Kenefic L.S. Balance and sustainability in multiaged stands: a northern conifer case study. J. For. 96:1998;12-17.
    • (1998) J. For. , vol.96 , pp. 12-17
    • Seymour, R.S.1    Kenefic, L.S.2
  • 51
    • 0030827463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crown release as a potential old-growth restoration approach in northern hardwoods
    • Singer M.T., Lorimer C.G. Crown release as a potential old-growth restoration approach in northern hardwoods. Can. J. For. Res. 27:1997;1222-1232.
    • (1997) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.27 , pp. 1222-1232
    • Singer, M.T.1    Lorimer, C.G.2
  • 54
    • 0344370591 scopus 로고
    • Silviculture terminology
    • Society of American Foresters, Bethesda, MD
    • Society of American Foresters, 1994. Silviculture terminology. Soc. Am. For., Bethesda, MD
    • (1994) Soc. Am. For.
  • 55
    • 0022189777 scopus 로고
    • A multifactor classification of northern hardwood and conifer ecosystems of the Sylvania Recreation Area, Upper Peninsula, Michigan
    • Spies T.A., Barnes B.V. A multifactor classification of northern hardwood and conifer ecosystems of the Sylvania Recreation Area, Upper Peninsula, Michigan. Can. J. For. Res. 15:1985;949-960.
    • (1985) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.15 , pp. 949-960
    • Spies, T.A.1    Barnes, B.V.2
  • 56
    • 0000952757 scopus 로고
    • Crown encroachment into openings cut in Appalachian hardwood stands
    • Trimble G.R., Tryon E.H. Crown encroachment into openings cut in Appalachian hardwood stands. J. For. 64:1966;104-108.
    • (1966) J. For. , vol.64 , pp. 104-108
    • Trimble, G.R.1    Tryon, E.H.2
  • 57
    • 0002548694 scopus 로고
    • Age and structure of a northern hardwood selection forest, 1926-1976
    • Tubbs, C.H., 1977a. Age and structure of a northern hardwood selection forest, 1926-1976. J. For. 75, 22-24
    • (1977) J. For. , vol.75 , pp. 22-24
    • Tubbs, C.H.1
  • 59
    • 0345233336 scopus 로고
    • Sylvania - A study of the proposal to purchase lands within the Ottawa National Forest, Michigan
    • US Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA
    • US Department of Agriculture, 1964. Sylvania - a study of the proposal to purchase lands within the Ottawa National Forest, Michigan. U.S. For. Serv., Washington, DC, USA
    • (1964) U.S. For. Serv.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.