Basic principles of muscle development and growth in meat-producing mammals as affected by the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system

Domestic Animal Endocrinology

Volumn 27, Issue 3 SPEC. ISS., 2004, Pages 219-240

  Oksbjerg, Niels ^a   Gondret, Florence ^b   Vestergaard, Mogens ^a  

^a AARHUS UNIVERSITY   (Denmark)

^b CEMAGREF   (France)

Author keywords

Development; IGF; Muscle fiber; Myogenesis; Satellite cells

Indexed keywords

MAMMALIA;

EID: 4644247376     PISSN: 07397240     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2004.06.007     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (145)

1. C.M. Dwyer, J.M. Fletcher, and N.C. Stickland Muscle cellularity and postnatal growth in the pig J Anim Sci 71 1993 3339 3343
2. L. Lefaucheur Myofiber typing and pig meat production Slov Vet Res 38 2001 5 28
3. B. Picard, L. Lefaucheur, C. Berri, and M.J. Duclos Muscle fiber ontogenesis in farm animal species Reprod Nutr Dev 42 2002 415 431
4. C.A. Maltin, M.I. Delday, K.D. Sinclair, J. Steven, and A.A. Sneddon Impact of manipulation of myogenesis in utero on the performance of adult skeletal muscle Reproduction 122 2001 359 374
5. C. Rehfeldt, I. Fiedler, G. Dietl, and K. Ender Myogenesis and postnatal skeletal muscle growth as influenced by selection Livest Prod Sci 66 2000 177 188
6. M.J. Brameld, P.J. Buttery, J.M. Dawson, and JM.M. Harper Nutritional and hormonal control of skeletal-muscle cell growth and differentiation Proc Nutr Soc 57 1998 207 217
7. J. Nouguès Etude de l'évolution du nombre des fibers musculaires au cours de la croissance post-natale du muscle chez le lapin CR Soc Biol Montpellier 166 1972 165 172
8. H. Staun Various factors affecting number and size of muscle fibers in the pig Acta Agric Scand 13 1963 293 322
9. P.M. Wigmore, and N.C. Stickland Muscle development in large and small fetuses J Anat 137 1983 235 245
10. M. Christensen, N. Oksbjerg, P. Henckel, and P.F. Jørgensen Immunohistochemical examination of myogenesis and expression pattern of myogenic regulatory jproteins (myogenin and myf-3) in pigs Livest Prod Sci 6 2000 189 195
11. J. Robelin, A. Lacourt, D. Béchet, M. Ferrara, Y. Briand, and Y. Geay Muscle differentiation in the bovine fetus: a histological and histochemical approach Growth Dev Aging 55 1991 151 160
12. P.L. Greenwood, A.S. Hunt, J.W. Hermanson, and A.W. Bell Effects of birth weight and postnatalnutrition on neonatal sheep: II. Skeletal muscle growth and development J Anim Sci 78 2000 50 61
13. S.A. McCoard, W.C. McNabb, S.W. Peterson, S.N. McCutcheon, and P.M. Harris Muscle growth, cell number, type and morphometry in single and twin fetal lambs during mid to late gestation Reprod Fertil Dev 12 2000 319 327
14. A.J. Harris, M.J. Duxson, R.B. Fitzsimons, and F. Rieger Myonuclear birthdates distinguish the origin of primary and secondary myotubes in embryonic mammalian skeletal muscles Development 107 1989 771 784
15. F. Mascarello, M.L. Stecchini, A. Rowlerson, and E. Ballochi Tertiary myotubes in postnatal growing pig muscle detected by their myosin isoform composition J Anim Sci 70 1992 1806 1813
16. L. Lefaucheur, F. Edom, P. Ecolan, and G.S. Butler-Browne Pattern of muscle fiber type formation in the pig Dev Dyn 203 1995 27 41
17. A. Maier, J.C. McEwan, K.G. Dodds, D.A. Fischman, R.B. Fitzsimons, and A.J. Harris Myosin heavy chain composition of single fibers and their origins and distribution in developing fascicles of sheep tibialis cranialis muscles J Muscle Res Cell Motil 13 1992 551 572
18. G. McKoy, M.E. Leger, F. Bacou, and G. Goldspink Differential expression of myosin heavy chain mRNA and protein isoforms in four functionally diverse rabbit skeletal muscles during pre- and postnatal development Dev Dyn 211 1998 193 203
19. M. Zhang, K. Koishi, and I.S. McLennan Skeletal muscle fiber types: detection methods and embryonic determinants Histol Histopathol 13 1998 201 207
20. M. Ontell, D. Hughes, and D. Bourke Morphometric analysis of the developing mouse soleus muscle Am J Anat 181 1988 279 288
21. S.E. Handel, and N.C. Stickland The growth and differentiation of porcine skeletal muscle fiber types and the influence of birthweight J Anat 152 1987 107 119
22. S.B. Charge, and M.A. Rudnicki Cellular and molecular regulation of muscle regeneration Physiol Rev 84 2004 209 238
23. L.A. Sabourin, and M.A. Rudnicki The molecular regulation of myogenesis Clin Genet 57 2000 16 26
24. M.R. Valdez, J.A. Richardson, W.H. Klein, and E.N. Olson Failure of Myf5 to support myogenic differentiation without myogenin, MyoD, and MRF4 Dev Biol 219 2000 287 298
25. E. Dodou, S.M. Xu, and B.L. Black mef2c is activated directly by myogenic basic helix-loop-helix proteins during skeletal muscle development in vivo Mech Dev 120 2002 1021 1032
26. Q. Wei, and B.M. Paterson Regulation of MyoD function in the dividing myoblast FEBS Lett 490 2001 171 178
27. O. Halevy, B.G. Novitch, D.B. Spicer, S.X. Skapek, J. Rhee, and G.J. Hannon Correlation of terminal cell cycle arrest of skeletal muscle with induction of p21 by MyoD Science 267 1995 1018 1021
28. D.B. Spicer, J. Rhee, W.L. Cheung, and A.B. Lassar Inhibition of myogenic bHLH and MEF2 transcription factors by the bHLH protein Twist Science 272 1996 1476 1480
29. J. Nouguès Etude histologique de la croissance postnatale des muscles soleus et accesorius latissimi dorsi chez le lapin commun Ann Biol Anim Biophys 17 1973 799 806
30. D.M. Joubert Growth of muscle fibre in the foetal sheep Nature 175 1955 936 937
31. P.J. Meara Postnatal growth and development of muscle as exemplified in the gastrocnemius and psoas muscles of the rabbit Onderstepoort J Vet Sci 21 1947 329
32. I. Fiedler, J. Wegner, and K.D. Feige A growth model for fiber diameter in two muscles in the pig Archiv Tierzucht 34 1991 57 62
33. R. Meister, R. Berg, H.J. Wensch, R. Lood, A. Litschko, and B. Eigendorf Histological investigations into the qualitative development of some muscle sin commercial rabbits Monatshefte für Veterinärmedizin 29 1974 267 270
34. M.A. Reddy, M.S. Reddy, G.R. Reddy, and V.R. Reddy Certain quality characteristics of rabbit meat as influenced by breed and sex Indian J Anim Sci 60 1990 896 899
35. O. Nostvold, K.A. Schie, and T. Froystein Muscle fiber characteristics in lines of pigs selected for rate of gain and backfat thickness Acta Agric Scand 67 1989 136 142
36. L. Brocks, B. Hulsegge, and G. Merkus Histochemical characteristics in relation to meat quality properties in the longissimus lumborum of fast and lean growing lines of Large White pigs Meat Sci 50 1998 411 420
37. L. Brocks, R.E. Klont, W. Buist, K. de Greef, M. Tieman, and B. Engel The effects of selection of pigs on growth rate vs. leaness on histochemical characteristics of different muscles J Anim Sci 78 2000 1247 1254
38. F. Gondret, S. Combes, C. Larzul, and H. de Rochambeau Effects of divergent selection for body weight at a fixed age on histological, chemical and rheological characteristics of rabbit muscles Livest Prod Sci 76 2002 81 89
39. Gondret F, Combes S, Larzul C, Effets respectifs du poids et de l'âge à l'abattage sur les caractéristiques musculaires du lapin. In: Proc 10èmes Journ Recherche Cunicole (ITAVI eds). 2003. p. 153-6.
40. N. Oksbjerg, P. Henckel, and T. Rolph Effects of salbutamol, a β2-adrenergic agonist, on muscle of growing pigs fed different levels of dietary protein: I. Muscle fiber properties and muscle protein accretion. Acta Agric Scand Sect A: Anim Sci 44 1994 12 19
41. N.T. Mesires, and M.E. Doumit Satellite cell proliferation and differentiation during postnatal growth of porcine skeletal muscle Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 282 2002 C899 C906
42. J.N. Phelan, and W.J. Gonyea Effect of radiation on satellite cell activity and protein expression in overloaded mammalian skeletal muscle Anat Rec 247 1997 179 188
43. S.M. Hughes, and S. Schiaffino Control of muscle fiber size: a crucial factor in ageing Acta Physiol Scand 167 1999 307 312
44. P. Henckel, P. Oksbjerg, E. Erlandsen, P. Barton-Gade, and C. Bejerholm Histo-and biochemical characteristics of the longissimus dorsi muscle in pigs and their relationships to performance and meat quality Meat Sci 47 1997 311 321
45. C. Larzul, L. Lefaucheur, P. Ecolan, J. Gogué, A. Talmant, and P. Sellier Phenotypic and genetic parameters for longissimus muscle fiber characteristics in relation to growth, carcass and meat quality traits in large white pigs J Anim Sci 75 1997 3126 3137
46. F. Gondret, L. Lefaucheur, A. d'Albis, and M. Bonneau Myosin isoform transitions in four rabbit muscles during postnatal growth J Muscle Res Cell Motil 17 1996 657 667
47. B. Picard, J. Robelin, F. Pons, and Y. Geay Comparison of the foetal development of fiber types in four bovine muscles J Muscle Res Cell Motil 15 1994 473 486
48. C.R. Ashmore, G. Tompkins, and L. Doerr Postnatal development of muscle fiber in domestic animals J Anim Sci 34 1972 37 41
49. L. Lefaucheur, and P. Vigneron Postnatal changes in some histochemical and enzymatic characteristics of three pig muscles Meat Sci 16 1986 199 216
50. M. Briand, G. Boissonnet, V. Laplace-Marieze, and Y. Briand Metabolic and contractile differentiation of rabbit muscles during growth Int J Biochem 25 1993 1881 1887
51. F. Bacou, and P. Vigneron Evolution périnatal e des voies métaboliques glycolytiques et oxydatives de divers types de muscles squelettiques du lapin et du poulet Ann Biol Anim Biochim Biophys 16 1976 675 686
52. N. Oksbjerg, P. Henckel, T. Rolph, and E. Erlandsen Effects of salbutamol, a β2-adrenergic agonist, on muscle of growing pigs fed different levels of dietary protein: II. Aerobic and glycolytic capacities and glycogen metabolism of the longissimus dorsi muscle Acta Agric Scand Sect A: Anim Sci 4 1994 20 24
53. M. Vestergaard, P. Henckel, N. Oksbjerg, and K. Sejrsen The effect of cimaterol on muscle fiber characteristics, capillary supply, and metabolic potentials of longissimus and semitendinosus muscles from young Frisian bulls J Anim Sci 72 1994 2298 2306
54. J.R. Florini, D.Z. Ewton, and S.A. Coolican Growth hormone and the insulin-like growth factor system in myogenesis Endocrinol Rev 17 1996 481 517
55. V. Hwa, J. Oh, and R.G. Rosenfeld Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins: a proposed superfamily Acta Paediatr Suppl 428 1999 37 45
56. D.R. Clemmons Role of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in controlling IGF actions Mol Cell Endocrinol 140 1998 19 24
57. D. Yaffe Retention of differentiation potentialities during prolonged cultivation of myogenic cells Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 61 1968 477 483
58. D.Z. Ewton, B.G. Erwin, A.E. Pegg, and J.R. Florini The role of polyamines in somatomedin-stimulated differentiation of L6 myoblasts J Cell Physiol 120 1984 263 270
59. B. Nadal-Ginard Commitment, fusion and biochemical differentiation of a myogenic cell line in the absence of DNA synthesis Cell 15 1978 855 863
60. D. Yaffe, and O. Saxel Serial passaging and differentiation of myogenic cells isolated from dystrophic mouse muscle Nature 270 1977 725 727
61. C. Mulle, P. Beniot, C. Pinset, M. Roa, and J.P. Changeux Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85 1988 5728 5732
62. S.E. Tollefsen, J. Sadow, and P. Rotwein Coordinated expression of insulin-like growth factor II and its receptor during muscle differentiation Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86 1989 1543 1547
63. G. Szebenyi, and P. Rotwein Differential regulation of mannose 6-phosphate receptors and their ligands during the myogenic development of C2 cells Biol Chem 266 1991 5534 5539
64. C.W. Ernst, R.H. McCusker, and M.E. White Gene expression and secretion of insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins during myoblast differentiation Endocrinol 130 1992 607 615
65. J.R. Florini, K.A. Magri, D.Z. Ewton, P.L. James, K. Grindstaff, and P.S. Rotwein "Spontaneous" differentiation of skeletal myoblasts is dependent upon autocrine secretion of insulin-like growth factor-II J Biol Chem 266 1991 15917 15923
66. S.M. Rosenthal, A. Brunetti, E.J. Brown, P.W. Mamula, and I.D. Goldfine Regulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I receptor expression during muscle cell differentiation: potential autocrine role of IGF-II J Clin Invest 87 1991 1212 1219
67. K.A. Magri, M.R. Bennedict, D.Z. Ewton, and J.R. Florini Negative feedback regulation of insulin-like growth factor-II gene expression in differentiating myoblasts in vitro Endocrinol 135 1994 53 62
68. J.M. Brameld, H. Smail, N. Imram, N. Millard, and P.J. Buttery Changes in expression of IGF-I, IGF-II and GH receptor (GHR) mRNA during differentiation of cultured muscle cells derived from adult and fetal sheep S Afr J Anim Sci 29 1999 307 310
69. C.W. Ernst, D.C. McFarland, and M.E. White Expression of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II), IGF binding protein-2 and myogenin during differentiation of myogenic satellite cells derived from the turkey Differentiation 61 1999 25 33
70. S.E. Tollefsen, R. Lajara, R.H. McCusker, D.R. Clemmons, and P. Rotwein Insulin-like growth factors (IGF) in muscle development J Biol Chem 264 1989 13810 13817
71. A.L. Crown, X.L. He, J.P.M. Holly, S.L. Lightman, and C.E.H. Stewart Characterisation of the IGF system in a primary adult human skeletal muscle cell model, and comparison of the effects of insulin and IGF-I on protein metabolism J Endocrinol 167 2000 403 415
72. H. Kocamis, D.C. McFarland, and J. Killefer Temporal expression of growth factor genes during myogenesis of satellite cells derived from the biceps femoris and pectoralis major muscles of the chicken J Cell Physiol 186 2001 146 152
73. J.P. Liu, J. Baker, A.S. Perkins, E.J. Robertsen, and A. Efstratiadis Mice carrying null mutations of the genes encoding insulin-like growth factor I (Igf-1) and type 1 IGF receptor (Igf1r) Cell 75 1993 59 73
74. D.E. Gerrard, C.S. Okamura, Ranalletta MAM, and A.L. Grant Developmental expression and location of IGF-I and IGF-II mRNA and protein in skeletal muscle J Anim Sci 76 1998 1004 1011
75. M.V. Dodson, D.C. McFarland, A.L. Grant, M.E. Doumit, and S.G. Velleman Extrinsic regulation of domestic animal-derived satellite cells Domest Anim Endocrinol 13 1996 107 126
76. J.R. Florini, D.Z. Ewton, S.L. Falen, and J.J. van Wyk Biphasic concentration dependency of stimulation of myoblast differentiation by somatomedins Am. J. Physiol. 250 1986 C771 C778
77. S.M. Rosenthal, and Z.Q. Cheng Opposing early and late effects of insulin growth factor I on differentiation and the cell cycle regulatory retinoblastoma protein in skeletal myoblasts Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92 1995 10307 10311
78. J.C. Engert, E.B. Berglund, and N. Rosenthal Proliferation precedes differentiation in IGF-I-stimulated myogenesis J Cell Biol 135 1996 431 440
79. A. Musaro, and N. Rosenthal Maturation of the myogenic program is induced by postmitotic expression of insulin-like growth factor I Mol Cell Biol 19 1999 3115 3324
80. J.R. Florini, and D.Z. Ewton Highly specific inhibition of IGF-I stimulated differentiation by an antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide to myogenein mRNA J Biol Chem 265 1990 13435 13437
81. S. Rousse, D. Montaras, C. Pinset, and C. Dubois Up-regulation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 is dependent of muscle cell differentiation, sensitive to rapamycin, but insensitive to wortmannin and LY294002 Endocrinology 139 1998 1487 1493
82. D.Z. Ewton, S.L. Falen, and J. Florini The type II insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptor has low affinity for IGF-I analogs: pleiotypic actions of IGFs on myoblasts are apparently mediated by the Type I receptor Endocrinology 12 1986 115 123
83. W. Kiess, J.F. Haskell, L. Lee, L.A. Greenstein, B.E. Miller, and A.L. Aarons An antibody that blocks insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding to the type II IGF receptor is neither an agonist nor an inhibitor of IGF-stimulated biologic responses in L6 myoblasts J Biol Chem 262 1987 12745 12751
84. L.S. Quinn, B. Steinmetz, A. Maas, L. Ong, and M. Kaleko Type-1 insulin-like growth factor receptor overexpression produces dual effects on myoblast proliferation and differentiation J Cell Physiol 159 1994 387 398
85. Z.Q. Cheng, S. Adi, N.Y. Wu, D. Hsiao, E.J. Woo, and E.H. Filvaroff Functional inactivation of the IGF-I receptor delays differentiation of skeletal muscle cells J Endocrinol 167 2000 175 182
86. A.M. Fernandez, J. Dupont, R.P. Farrar, S. Lee, B. Stannard, and D. Le Roith Muscle-specific inactivation of the IGF-I receptor induces compensatory hyperplasia in skeletal muscle J Clin Invest 109 2002 347 355
87. J. Dupont, A.M. Fernandez, C.A. Glackin, L. Helman, and D. LeRoith Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)-induced twist expression is involved in the anti-apoptotic effects of the IGF-1 receptor J Biol Chem 276 2001 26699 26707
88. J. Castillo, Bail P-YL, G. Paboeuf, I. Navarro, C. Weil, and B. Fauconneau IGF-I binding in primary culture of muscle cells of rainbow trout: changes during in vitro development Am J Physiol 283 2002 R647 R652
89. F. Benguinot, C.R. Kahn, A.C. Moses, and R.J. Smith Distint biological receptors for insulin, insulin-like growth factor I, and insulin-like growth factor II in cultured skeletal muscle cells J Biol Chem 260 1985 15892 15898
90. R.D. Minshall, D.C. McFarland, and M.E. Doumit Interaction of insulin-like growth factor I with turkey satellite cells and satellite cell-derived myotubes Domest Anim Endocrinol 7 1990 413 424
91. Z. Yi, M.R. Hathaway, W.R. Dayton, and M.E. White Effects of growth factors on insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) secretion by primary porcine satellite cell cultures J Anim Sci 79 2001 2820 2826
92. B.J. Johnson, M.E. White, M.R. Hathaway, and W.R. Dayton Effect of differentiation on levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein mRNA in cultured porcine embryonic myogenic cells Domest Anim Endocrinol 24 2003 81 93
93. C. Barjot, M. Navarro, M.L. Cotton, V. Garandel, H. Bernardi, and F. Bacou Rabbit slow and fast skeletal muscle-derived satellite myoblast phenotype do not involve constitutive differences in the components of the insulin-like growth factor system J Cell Physiol 169 1996 227 234
94. D.Z. Ewton, and J.R. Florini IGF binding proteins-4, -5 and -6 may play specialized roles during L6 myobloast proliferation and differentiation J Endocrinol 144 1995 539 553
95. L.A. Silverman, Z-Q. Cheng, D. Hsiao, and S.M. Rosenthal Skeletal muscle cell-derived insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins inhibit IGF-I-induced myogenesis in rat L6Ep cells Endocrinology 136 1995 720 726
96. P.L. James, E.H. Stewart, and P. Rotwein Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 modulates muscle differentiation through an insulin-like growth factor-dependent mechanism Cell Biol 133 1996 683 693
97. P. Rotwein, P-L. James, and K. Kuo Rapid activation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 gene transcription during myoblast differentiation Mol Endocrinol 9 1995 913 923
98. K.L. Haugk, Wilson HMP, K. Swisshelm, and L.S. Quinn Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-related protein-1: an autocrine/paracrine factor that inhibits skeletal myoblast differentiation but permits proliferation in response to IGF Endocrinology 141 2000 100 110
99. D.Z. Ewton, S.A. Coollican, S. Mohan, S.D. Chernausek, and J.R. Florini Modulation of insulin-like growth factor action in L6A1 myoblasts by insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-4 and IGFBP-5: a dual role for IGFBP-5 J Cell Physiol 177 1998 47 57
100. S.E. Damon, K.L. Haugk, R.S. Birnbaum, and L.S. Quinn Retrovirally mediated overexpression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4: evidence that insulin-like growth factor is required for skeletal muscle differentiation J Cell Physiol 175 1998 109 120
101. L.A. Bach, S. Hsieh, A.L. Brown, and M.M. Rechler Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-6 inhibits IGF-II-induced differentiation of L6A1 myoblasts Endocrinology 135 1994 2168 2176
102. L.A. Bach, R. Salemi, and K.S. Leeding Roles of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptors and IGF-binding proteins in IGF-II-induced proliferation and differentiation of L6A1 rate myoblasts Endocrinology 136 1995 5061 5069
103. F. Yang, B.J. Johnson, M.E. White, M.R. Hathaway, and W.R. Dayton Effect of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and Des (1-3) IGF-I on the level of IGF binding protein-3 and IGF binding protein 3 mRNA in cultured porcine embryonic muscle cells J Cell Physiol 178 1999 227 234
104. A. Hoeflich, M. Wu, S. Mohan, J. Foll, R. Wanke, and T. Froehlich Overexpression of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-2 in transgenic mice reduces postnatal body weight gain Endocrinology 140 1999 5488 5496
105. R.A. Roeder, K.L. Hossner, R.G. Sasser, and J.M. Gunn Regulation of protein turnover by recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I in L6 myotube cultures Horm Metab Res 20 1988 698 700
106. J.M.M. Harper, J.B. Soar, and P.J. Buttery Changes in protein metabolism of ovine primary muscle cultures on treatment with growth hormone, insulin, insulin-like growth factor I or epidermal growth factor J Endocrinol 112 1987 87 96
107. J.R. Hembree, M.R. Hathaway, and W.R. Dayton Isolation and culture of fetal pjorcine myogenic cells and the effect of insulin, IGF-I, and sera on protein turnover in porcine myotube cultures J Anim Sci 69 1991 3241 3250
108. D.C. McFarland Influence of growth factors on poultry myogenic satellite cells Poultry Sci 78 1999 747 758
109. R.M. Palmer, M.G. Thompson, R.M. Knott, G.P. Campbell, A. Thom, and K.S. Morrison Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I responsiveness and signalling mechanisms in C2C12 satellite cells: effect of differentiation and fusion Biochim Biophys Acta 1355 1997 167 176
110. E.R. Barton-Davis, D.I. Shoturma, and H.L. Sweeney Contribution of satellite cells to IGF-I induced hypertrophy of skeletal muscle Acta Physiol Scand 167 1999 301 305
111. A. Musaro, K. McCullagh, A. Paul, L. Houghton, G. Dobrowolny, and M. Molinaro Localized Igf-1 transgene expression sustains hypertrophy and regeneration in senescent skeletal muscle Nat Genet 27 2001 195 200
112. C. Semsarian, P. Sutrave, D.R. Richmond, and R.M. Graham Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) induces myotube hypertrophy associated with an increase in anaerobic glycolysis in a clonal skeletal-muscle cell model Biochem J 339 1999 443 451
113. I. Turkalj, U. Keller, R. Ninnis, S. Vosmeer, and W. Stauffacher Effect of increasing doses of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I on glucose, lipid, and leucine metabolism in man J Clin Endocrinol Metab 75 1992 1186 1191
114. T.A. Davis, M.L. Fiorotto, D.G. Burrin, R.C. Vann, P.J. Reeds, and H.V. Nguyen Acute IGF-I infusion stimulates protein synthesis in skeletal muscle and other tissues of neonatal pigs Am J Physiol 283 2002 647
115. M.M. Zdanowicz, J. Moyse, M.A. Wingertzahn, M. O'Connor, S. Teichberg, and A.E. Slonim Effect of insulin-like growth factor I in murine muscular dystrophy Endocrinology 136 1995 4880 4886
116. P.J. Garlick, C.A. Maltin, A.G. Baillie, M.I. Delday, and D.A. Grubb Fiber-type composition of nine rat muscles II. Relationship to protein turnover Am J Physiol 257 1989 E828 E832
117. Therkildsen M, Vestergaard M, Busk H, Jensen MT, Riis B, Karlsson AH, et al. Compensatory growth in slaughter pigs, in vitro muscle protein turnover at slaughter, circulating IGF-I, performance and carcass quality. Livest Prod Sci 2004;88:63-75.
118. I. Louveau, S. Combes, A. Cochard, and M. Bonneau Developmental changes in insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) receptor levels and plasma IGF-I concentrations in large white and Meishan pigs Gen Comp Endocrinol 104 1996 29 36
119. I. Martelly, L. Soulet, S. Bonnavaud, J. Cebrian, J. Gautrjon, and D. Barritault Differential expression of FGF receptors and of myogenic regulatory factors in primary cultures of satellite cells originating from fast (EDL) and slow (soleus) twitch muscles Cell Mol Biol 46 2000 1239 1248
120. P.C. Owens, K.L. Gatford, P.E. Walton, W. Morley, and R.G. Campbell The relationship between endogenous insulin-like growth factors and growth in pigs Anim Sci 77 1999 2098 2103
121. M. Peng, G. Pelletier, M.F. Palin, S. Véronneau, D. LeBel, and T. Abribat Ontogeny of IGFs and IGFBPs mRNA levels and tissue concentrations in liver, kidney and skeletal muscle of pig Growth Develop Aging 60 1996 171 187
122. S. Yakar, J-L. Liu, B. Stannard, A. Butler, D. Accili, and B. Saur Normal growth and development in the absence of hepatic insulin-like growth factor I Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96 1999 7324 7329
123. K. Sjögren, J-L. Liu, K. Blad, S. Skrtic, V. Wallenius, and D. LeRoith Liver-derived insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is the principal source of IGF-I in blood but is not required for postnatal body growth in mice Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96 1999 7088 7092
124. J.P. Thissen, J.M. Ketelslegers, and L.E. Underwood Nutritional regulation of the insulin-like growth factors Endocrinol Rev 15 1994 80 101
125. T. Fliesen, D. Maiter, G. Gerard, L.E. Undewood, M. Maes, and J.M. Ketelsleger Reduction of serum insulin-like growth factor-I by dietary restriction is age dependent Pediatr Res 26 1989 415 419
126. M.H. Oster, N. Levin, P.J. Fielder, Robinson ICA, R.C. Baxter, and M.J. Cronin Developmental differences in the IGF-I system response to severe and chronic caloric malnutrition Am J Physiol 270 1996 E646 E653
127. C. Rehfeldt, P.M. Nissen, G. Kuhn, M. Vestergaard, K. Ender, and N. Oksbjerg Effects of maternal nutrition and porcine growth hormone (pGH) treatment during gestation on endocrine and metabolic factors in sows, foetuses and pigs, skeletal muscle development, and postnatal growth Domest Anim Endocrinol 27 2004 267 285
128. I. Louveau, and J. Le Dividich GH and IGF-I binding in adipose tissue, liver and skeletal muscle in response to milk intake in piglets Gen Comp Endocrinol 126 2002 310 317
129. M. Vestergaard, S. Purup, J. Frystyk, P. Lovendahl, M.T. Sorensen, and P.M. Riis Effects of growth hormone and feeding level on endocrine measurements, hormone receptors, muscle growth and performance of prepubertal heifers J Anim Sci 81 2003 2189 2198
130. M.A. Ellenberger, D.E. Johnson, G.E. Carstens, K.L. Hossner, M.D. Holland, and T.M. Nett Endocrine and metabolic changes during altered growth rates in beef cattle J Anim Sci 67 1989 1446 1454
131. J.M. Brameld, J.L. Atkinson, J.C. Saunders, J.M. Pell, P.J. Buttery, and R.S. Gilmour Effects of growth hormone administration and dietary protein intake on insulin-like growth factor I and growth hormone receptor mRNA expression in porcine liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue J Anim Sci 74 1996 1832 1841
132. C.A. Maltin, M.I. Delday, S.M. Hay, G.M. Innes, and P.E.V. Williams Effects of bovine pituitary growth hormone alone or in combination with the β-agonist clenbuterol on muscle growth and composition in veal calves Br J Nutr 63 1990 535 545
133. B. Séve, O. Ballèvre, P. Ganier, J. Noblet, J. Prugnacid, and C. Obled Recombinant porcine somatotrophin and dietary protein enhance protein synthesis in growing pigs J Nutr 123 1993 529 540
134. A.L. Grant, W.G. Helferich, S.A. Kramer, R.A. Merkel, and W.G. Bergen Administration of growth hormone to pigs alters the relative amount of insulin-like growth factor-I mRNA in liver and skeletal muscle J Endocrinol 130 1991 331 338
135. P.C. Owens, K.L. Gatford, P.E. Walton, W. Morley, and R.G. Campbell The relationship between endogenous insulin-like growth factors and growth in pigs J Anim Sci 77 1999 2098 2103
136. W.R. Lamberson, J.A. Sterle, and R.L. Matter Relationships of serum insulin-like growth factor II concentration to growth, compositional, and reproductive traits of swine J Anim Sci 74 1996 1753 1756
137. A.C. Clutter, L.J. Spicer, M.D. Woltmann, R.W. Grimes, J.M. Hammond, and D.S. Buchanan Plasma growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor I, and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in pigs with divergent genetic merit for postweaning average daily gain J Anim Sci 73 1995 1776 1783
138. R.L. Baker, A.J. Peterson, J.J. Bass, N.C. Amyes, B.H. Breier, and P.D. Gluckman Replicated selection for insulin-like growth factor-I and body weight in mice Theor Appl Genet 81 1991 685 692
139. M.E. Davis, and RC.M. Simmen Genetic parameter estimates for serum insulin-like growth factor-I concentration and carcass traits in Angus beef cattle J Anim Sci 78 2000 2305 2313
140. E.E. Connor, S.M. Baroa, A.S. Kimrey, A.B. Parlier, L.W. Douglass, and G.E. Dahl Predicting growth in Angus bulls: the use of GHRH challenge, insulin-like growth factor-I, and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins J Anim Sci 78 2000 2913 2918
141. N. Oksbjerg, J.S. Petersen, I.L. Sørensen, P. Henckel, M. Vestergaard, and P. Ertbjerg Long-term changes in performance and meat quality of Danish Landrace pigs: a study on a current compared with an unimproved genotype Anim Sci 71 2000 81 92
142. M.J. Duclos, C.H. Remignon, F.H. Ricard, C. Goddard, and J. Simon Divergent selection for high or low growth rate modifies the response of muscle cells to serum or insulin-like growth factor-I in vitro Growth Reg 6 1996 176 184
143. F. Merly, C. Magras-Resch, T. Rounaud, J. Fontaine-Perus, and M.F. Gardahaut Comparative analysis of satellite cell properties in heavy- and lightweight strains of turkey J Muscle Res Cell Motil 19 1998 257 270
144. J.M. Brameld, J.L. Atkindon, T.J. Budd, J.C. Saunders, J.M. Pell, and A.M. Salter Expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and growth hormone-receptor (GHR) mRNA in liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of different breeds of pig Anim Prod 62 1996 555 559
145. B.D. Mathison, B.A. Mathison, J.P. McNamara, and M.V. Dodson Insulin-like growth factor I receptor analysis of satellite cell-derived myotube membranes established from two lines of Targhee rams selected for growth rate Domest Anim Endocrinol 6 1989 191 201