메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 32, Issue SUPPL. 1, 2008, Pages 77-91

Delusion in the critical patient;Delirio en el paciente crítico

Author keywords

Critically ill patients; Delirium; Halloperidol; Neuroleptic agents

Indexed keywords

BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; BIPERIDEN; BROMOCRIPTINE; CLONIDINE; DANTROLENE; DEXMEDETOMIDINE; HALOPERIDOL; LORAZEPAM; METHYLPHENIDATE; MIANSERIN; MIDAZOLAM; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; OLANZAPINE; PLACEBO; PROPOFOL; RISPERIDONE; RUBIFEN; TIAPRIDE; TIAPRIZAL; TRAZODONE; ZIPRASIDONE;

EID: 45749091455     PISSN: 02105691     EISSN: 15786749     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (14)

References (120)
  • 1
    • 0004235298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Psychiatric Association, 4th ed, Text revision. Washington DC, American Psychiatric Association
    • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed., Text revision. Washington DC, American Psychiatric Association 2000.
    • (2000) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  • 2
    • 0034908863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit: An under-recognized syndrome of organ dysfunction
    • Ely EW, Siegel MD, Inouye SK. Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit: an under-recognized syndrome of organ dysfunction. Seminars Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;22:115-6.
    • (2001) Seminars Respir Crit Care Med , vol.22 , pp. 115-116
    • Ely, E.W.1    Siegel, M.D.2    Inouye, S.K.3
  • 3
    • 1642533603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current opinions regarding the importance, diagnosis, and management of delirium in the intensive care unit: A survey of 912 healthcare professionals
    • Ely EW, Stephens RK, Jackson JC, Thomason JW, Truman B, Gordon S, et al. Current opinions regarding the importance, diagnosis, and management of delirium in the intensive care unit: a survey of 912 healthcare professionals. Crit Care Med. 2004;32:106-12.
    • (2004) Crit Care Med , vol.32 , pp. 106-112
    • Ely, E.W.1    Stephens, R.K.2    Jackson, J.C.3    Thomason, J.W.4    Truman, B.5    Gordon, S.6
  • 5
    • 1842867052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delirium as a predictor of mortality in mechanically ventilated patients in the Intensive Care Unit
    • Ely EW, Shintani A, Truman B, Speroff T, Gordon SM, Harrell FE, et al. Delirium as a predictor of mortality in mechanically ventilated patients in the Intensive Care Unit. JAMA. 2004;291:1753-62.
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.291 , pp. 1753-1762
    • Ely, E.W.1    Shintani, A.2    Truman, B.3    Speroff, T.4    Gordon, S.M.5    Harrell, F.E.6
  • 7
    • 4444255004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Instrument for detection of delirium in general hospitals: Adaptation of confusion assessment method
    • González M, De Pablo J, Fuente E, Valdés M, Peri JM, Nomdedeu M, et al. Instrument for detection of delirium in general hospitals: adaptation of confusion assessment method. Psychosomatics. 2004;45:426-31.
    • (2004) Psychosomatics , vol.45 , pp. 426-431
    • González, M.1    De Pablo, J.2    Fuente, E.3    Valdés, M.4    Peri, J.M.5    Nomdedeu, M.6
  • 8
    • 18844401693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delirium en pacientes ancianos hospitalizados.
    • Guillén Lera F. Delirium en pacientes ancianos hospitalizados. Med Clin (Barc.). 2005;124:538-40.
    • (2005) Med Clin (Barc.) , vol.124 , pp. 538-540
    • Guillén Lera, F.1
  • 9
    • 0035814368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delirium in mechanically ventilated patients: Validity and reliability of the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU)
    • Ely EW, Inouye SK, Bernard GR, Gordon S, Francis J, May L, et al. Delirium in mechanically ventilated patients: validity and reliability of the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU). JAMA. 2001;286:2703-10.
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.286 , pp. 2703-2710
    • Ely, E.W.1    Inouye, S.K.2    Bernard, G.R.3    Gordon, S.4    Francis, J.5    May, L.6
  • 10
    • 0034948268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of delirium in critically ill patients: Validation of the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU)
    • Ely EW, Margolin R, Francis J, May L, Truman B, Dittus R, et al. Evaluation of delirium in critically ill patients: validation of the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU). Crit Care Med. 2001;29:1370-9.
    • (2001) Crit Care Med , vol.29 , pp. 1370-1379
    • Ely, E.W.1    Margolin, R.2    Francis, J.3    May, L.4    Truman, B.5    Dittus, R.6
  • 11
    • 0035023645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive Care Delirium Scrrening Checklist: Evaluation of a new screening tool
    • Bergeron N, Dubois MJ, Dumont M, Dial S, Skrobik Y. Intensive Care Delirium Scrrening Checklist: evaluation of a new screening tool. Intensive Care Med. 2001;27:859-64.
    • (2001) Intensive Care Med , vol.27 , pp. 859-864
    • Bergeron, N.1    Dubois, M.J.2    Dumont, M.3    Dial, S.4    Skrobik, Y.5
  • 12
    • 0038142852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring sedation status over time in ICU patients: Reliability and validity of the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS)
    • Ely EW, Truman B, Shintani A, Thomason JW, Wheeler AP, Gordon S, et al. Monitoring sedation status over time in ICU patients: reliability and validity of the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS). JAMA. 2003;289:2983-91.
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.289 , pp. 2983-2991
    • Ely, E.W.1    Truman, B.2    Shintani, A.3    Thomason, J.W.4    Wheeler, A.P.5    Gordon, S.6
  • 13
    • 0036904485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confusion assessment method in the diagnostics of delirium among aged hospital patients: Would it serve better in screening than as a diagnostic instrument?
    • Laurila JV, Pitkala KH, Strandberg TE, Tilvis RS. Confusion assessment method in the diagnostics of delirium among aged hospital patients: would it serve better in screening than as a diagnostic instrument? Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2002;17:1112-9.
    • (2002) Int J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.17 , pp. 1112-1119
    • Laurila, J.V.1    Pitkala, K.H.2    Strandberg, T.E.3    Tilvis, R.S.4
  • 14
    • 21244503788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is disturbance of consciousness an important feature of ICU delirium?
    • Bergeron N, Skrobik Y, Dubois MJ. Is disturbance of consciousness an important feature of ICU delirium? Intensive Care Med. 2005;31:887.
    • (2005) Intensive Care Med , vol.31 , pp. 887
    • Bergeron, N.1    Skrobik, Y.2    Dubois, M.J.3
  • 15
    • 8544281694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of delirium on the survival of mechanically ventilated patients
    • Lin SM, Liu CY, Wang CH, Lin HC, Huang CD, Huang PY, et al. The impact of delirium on the survival of mechanically ventilated patients. Crit Care Med. 2004;32:2254-9.
    • (2004) Crit Care Med , vol.32 , pp. 2254-2259
    • Lin, S.M.1    Liu, C.Y.2    Wang, C.H.3    Lin, H.C.4    Huang, C.D.5    Huang, P.Y.6
  • 18
    • 0032904295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical significance of delirium subtypes in older people
    • O'Keefe ST, Lavan JN. Clinical significance of delirium subtypes in older people. Age Ageing. 1999;28:115-9.
    • (1999) Age Ageing , vol.28 , pp. 115-119
    • O'Keefe, S.T.1    Lavan, J.N.2
  • 23
    • 0032430554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability and validity of a new measure of severity of delirium
    • McCusker J, Cole M, Bellavance F, Primeau F. Reliability and validity of a new measure of severity of delirium. Int Psychogeriatr. 1998;10:421-33.
    • (1998) Int Psychogeriatr , vol.10 , pp. 421-433
    • McCusker, J.1    Cole, M.2    Bellavance, F.3    Primeau, F.4
  • 24
  • 26
    • 30944447824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haloperidol prophylaxis for elderly hip-surgery patients at risk for delirium: A randomized placebo-controlled study
    • Kalisvaart KJ, de Jonghe JF, Bogaards MJ, Vreeswijk R, Egberts TC, Burger BJ, et al. Haloperidol prophylaxis for elderly hip-surgery patients at risk for delirium: a randomized placebo-controlled study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53:1658-66.
    • (2005) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.53 , pp. 1658-1666
    • Kalisvaart, K.J.1    de Jonghe, J.F.2    Bogaards, M.J.3    Vreeswijk, R.4    Egberts, T.C.5    Burger, B.J.6
  • 27
    • 0032951356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with delirium
    • American Psychiatric Association
    • American Psychiatric Association. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with delirium. Am J Psychiatry. 1999;156 Suppl 5:1-20.
    • (1999) Am J Psychiatry , vol.156 , Issue.SUPPL. 5 , pp. 1-20
  • 28
    • 0035915713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delirium: Optimising management
    • Meagher DJ. Delirium: optimising management. BMJ. 2001;322:144-9.
    • (2001) BMJ , vol.322 , pp. 144-149
    • Meagher, D.J.1
  • 29
    • 33644988306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delirium in older persons
    • Inouye SK. Delirium in older persons. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:1157-65.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.354 , pp. 1157-1165
    • Inouye, S.K.1
  • 32
    • 33645525166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of postoperative analgesia in delirium and cognitive decline in elderly patients: A systematic review
    • Fong HK, Sands LP, Leung JM. The role of postoperative analgesia in delirium and cognitive decline in elderly patients: a systematic review. Anesth Analg. 2006;102:1255-66.
    • (2006) Anesth Analg , vol.102 , pp. 1255-1266
    • Fong, H.K.1    Sands, L.P.2    Leung, J.M.3
  • 33
    • 18944401652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multifactorial intervention program reduces the duration of delirium, length of hospitalization, and mortality in delirious patients
    • Lundstrom M, Edlund A, Karlsson S, Brannstrom B, Bucht G, Gustafson Y. A multifactorial intervention program reduces the duration of delirium, length of hospitalization, and mortality in delirious patients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53:622-8.
    • (2005) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.53 , pp. 622-628
    • Lundstrom, M.1    Edlund, A.2    Karlsson, S.3    Brannstrom, B.4    Bucht, G.5    Gustafson, Y.6
  • 34
    • 0032537464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Death by restraint
    • Milliken D. Death by restraint. CMAJ. 1998;158:1611-2.
    • (1998) CMAJ , vol.158 , pp. 1611-1612
    • Milliken, D.1
  • 35
    • 6944221421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • British Association of Critical Care Nurses position statement on the use of restraint in adult critical care units
    • Bray K, Hill K, Robson W, Leaver G, Walker N, O'Leary M, et al. British Association of Critical Care Nurses position statement on the use of restraint in adult critical care units. Nurs Crit Care. 2004;9:199-212.
    • (2004) Nurs Crit Care , vol.9 , pp. 199-212
    • Bray, K.1    Hill, K.2    Robson, W.3    Leaver, G.4    Walker, N.5    O'Leary, M.6
  • 36
    • 0345305319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical practice guidelines for the maintenance of patient physical safety in the intensive care unit: Use of restraining therapies - American College of Critical Care Medicine Task Force 2001-2002
    • Maccioli GA, Dorman T, Brown BR, Mazuski JE, McLean BA, Kuszaj JM, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the maintenance of patient physical safety in the intensive care unit: Use of restraining therapies - American College of Critical Care Medicine Task Force 2001-2002. Crit Care Med. 2003;31:2665-76.
    • (2003) Crit Care Med , vol.31 , pp. 2665-2676
    • Maccioli, G.A.1    Dorman, T.2    Brown, B.R.3    Mazuski, J.E.4    McLean, B.A.5    Kuszaj, J.M.6
  • 38
    • 0036152552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Task Force of the American College of Critical Care Medicine (ACCM) of the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP), American College of Chest Physicians. Clinical practice guidelines for the sustained use of sedatives and analgesics in the critically ill adult
    • Jacobi J, Fraser GL, Coursin DB, Riker RR, Fontaine D, Wittbrodt ET, et al. Task Force of the American College of Critical Care Medicine (ACCM) of the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP), American College of Chest Physicians. Clinical practice guidelines for the sustained use of sedatives and analgesics in the critically ill adult. Crit Care Med. 2002;30:119-41.
    • (2002) Crit Care Med , vol.30 , pp. 119-141
    • Jacobi, J.1    Fraser, G.L.2    Coursin, D.B.3    Riker, R.R.4    Fontaine, D.5    Wittbrodt, E.T.6
  • 40
    • 0036097548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The delirium experience: Delirium recall and delirium-related distress in hospitalized patients with cancer, their spouses/caregivers, and their nurses
    • Breitbart W, Gibson C, Tremblay A. The delirium experience: delirium recall and delirium-related distress in hospitalized patients with cancer, their spouses/caregivers, and their nurses. Psychosomatics. 2002;43:183-94.
    • (2002) Psychosomatics , vol.43 , pp. 183-194
    • Breitbart, W.1    Gibson, C.2    Tremblay, A.3
  • 41
    • 33646192088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The delirium subtypes: A review of prevalence, phenomenology, pathophysiology, and treatment response
    • Stagno D, Gibson C, Breitbart W. The delirium subtypes: a review of prevalence, phenomenology, pathophysiology, and treatment response. Palliat Support Care. 2004;2:171-9.
    • (2004) Palliat Support Care , vol.2 , pp. 171-179
    • Stagno, D.1    Gibson, C.2    Breitbart, W.3
  • 42
    • 33847211084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delirium Guidelines Development Group. Delirium: Guidelines for general hospitals
    • Michaud L, Bula C, Berney A, Camus V, Voellinger R, Stiefel F, et al, Delirium Guidelines Development Group. Delirium: guidelines for general hospitals. J Psychosom Res. 2007;62:371-83.
    • (2007) J Psychosom Res , vol.62 , pp. 371-383
    • Michaud, L.1    Bula, C.2    Berney, A.3    Camus, V.4    Voellinger, R.5    Stiefel, F.6
  • 43
    • 33751001646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review of antipsychotics for the treatment of hospital-associated delirium in medically or surgically ill patients
    • Lacasse H, Perreault MM, Williamson DR. Systematic review of antipsychotics for the treatment of hospital-associated delirium in medically or surgically ill patients. Ann Pharmacother. 2006;40:1966-73.
    • (2006) Ann Pharmacother , vol.40 , pp. 1966-1973
    • Lacasse, H.1    Perreault, M.M.2    Williamson, D.R.3
  • 44
    • 33846865310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antipsychotics in the treatment of delirium: A systematic review
    • Seitz DP, Gill SS, van Zyl LT. Antipsychotics in the treatment of delirium: a systematic review. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007;68:11-21.
    • (2007) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.68 , pp. 11-21
    • Seitz, D.P.1    Gill, S.S.2    van Zyl, L.T.3
  • 46
    • 0025884395 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of delirium in the critically ill patient
    • Fish DN. Treatment of delirium in the critically ill patient. Clin Pharm. 1991;10:456-66.
    • (1991) Clin Pharm , vol.10 , pp. 456-466
    • Fish, D.N.1
  • 47
    • 0031975186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic considerations in the management of agitated or delirious critically ill patients
    • Hassan E, Fontaine DK, Nearman HS. Therapeutic considerations in the management of agitated or delirious critically ill patients. Pharmacotherapy. 1998;18:113-29.
    • (1998) Pharmacotherapy , vol.18 , pp. 113-129
    • Hassan, E.1    Fontaine, D.K.2    Nearman, H.S.3
  • 48
    • 0023786431 scopus 로고
    • Rapid tranquilization of the agitated intensive care unit patient
    • Tesar GE, Stern TA. Rapid tranquilization of the agitated intensive care unit patient. J Intensive Care Med. 1988;3:195-201.
    • (1988) J Intensive Care Med , vol.3 , pp. 195-201
    • Tesar, G.E.1    Stern, T.A.2
  • 49
    • 0033392246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of haloperidol: An update
    • Kudo S, Ishizaki T. Pharmacokinetics of haloperidol: an update. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1999;37:435-56.
    • (1999) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.37 , pp. 435-456
    • Kudo, S.1    Ishizaki, T.2
  • 51
    • 0030722966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of haloperidol to pyridinium species in patients receiving high doses intravenously: Is HPTP an intermediate?
    • Avent KM, Riker RR, Fraser GL, Van der Schyf CJ, Usuki E, Pond SM. Metabolism of haloperidol to pyridinium species in patients receiving high doses intravenously: is HPTP an intermediate? Life Sci. 1997;61:2383-90.
    • (1997) Life Sci , vol.61 , pp. 2383-2390
    • Avent, K.M.1    Riker, R.R.2    Fraser, G.L.3    Van der Schyf, C.J.4    Usuki, E.5    Pond, S.M.6
  • 52
    • 30944463053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and treatment of agitation and delirium in the intensive care unit
    • Irwin RS, Rippe JM, editors, 5th ed. New York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
    • Heckers S, Tesar GE, Querques JM, Stern TA. Diagnosis and treatment of agitation and delirium in the intensive care unit. En: Irwin RS, Rippe JM, editors. Intensive Care Medicine. 5th ed. New York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2003. p. 2153-62.
    • (2003) Intensive Care Medicine , pp. 2153-2162
    • Heckers, S.1    Tesar, G.E.2    Querques, J.M.3    Stern, T.A.4
  • 53
  • 54
    • 24344485183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delirium: Acute cognitive dysfunction in the critically ill
    • Pandharipande P, Jackson J, Ely EW. Delirium: acute cognitive dysfunction in the critically ill. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2005;11:360-8.
    • (2005) Curr Opin Crit Care , vol.11 , pp. 360-368
    • Pandharipande, P.1    Jackson, J.2    Ely, E.W.3
  • 55
    • 0030613524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between D2 receptor occupancy and plasma levels on low dose haloperidol: A PET study
    • Kapur S, Zipursky R, Roy P, Jones C, Remington G, Reed K, et al. The relationship between D2 receptor occupancy and plasma levels on low dose haloperidol: a PET study. Psychopharmacology. 1997;131:148-52.
    • (1997) Psychopharmacology , vol.131 , pp. 148-152
    • Kapur, S.1    Zipursky, R.2    Roy, P.3    Jones, C.4    Remington, G.5    Reed, K.6
  • 56
    • 0029946719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High levels of dopamine D2 receptor occupancy with low-dose haloperidol treatment: A PET study
    • Kapur S, Remington G, Jones C, Wilson A, DaSilva J, Houle S, et al. High levels of dopamine D2 receptor occupancy with low-dose haloperidol treatment: a PET study. Am J Psychiatry. 1996;153:948-50.
    • (1996) Am J Psychiatry , vol.153 , pp. 948-950
    • Kapur, S.1    Remington, G.2    Jones, C.3    Wilson, A.4    DaSilva, J.5    Houle, S.6
  • 57
    • 0025809261 scopus 로고
    • High-dose intravenous haloperidol for agitated delirium in a cardiac patient on intraaortic balloon pump
    • Sanders KM, Murray GB, Cassem NH. High-dose intravenous haloperidol for agitated delirium in a cardiac patient on intraaortic balloon pump. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1991;11:146-7.
    • (1991) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.11 , pp. 146-147
    • Sanders, K.M.1    Murray, G.B.2    Cassem, N.H.3
  • 58
    • 0028813728 scopus 로고
    • High-dose intravenous haloperidol for agitated delirium following lung transplantation
    • Levenson JL. High-dose intravenous haloperidol for agitated delirium following lung transplantation. Psychosomatics. 1995;36:66-8.
    • (1995) Psychosomatics , vol.36 , pp. 66-68
    • Levenson, J.L.1
  • 59
    • 0028354462 scopus 로고
    • Continuous infusion of haloperidol controls agitation in critically ill patients
    • Riker RR, Fraser GL, Cox PM. Continuous infusion of haloperidol controls agitation in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med. 1994;22:433-43.
    • (1994) Crit Care Med , vol.22 , pp. 433-443
    • Riker, R.R.1    Fraser, G.L.2    Cox, P.M.3
  • 61
    • 0029121684 scopus 로고
    • Use of haloperidol infusions to control delirium in critically ill adults
    • Seneff MG, Mathews RA. Use of haloperidol infusions to control delirium in critically ill adults. Ann Pharmacother. 1995;29:690-3.
    • (1995) Ann Pharmacother , vol.29 , pp. 690-693
    • Seneff, M.G.1    Mathews, R.A.2
  • 62
    • 0030988201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conduction disturbances associated with administration of butyrophenone antipsychotics in the critically ill: A review of the literature
    • Lawrence KR, Nasraway SA. Conduction disturbances associated with administration of butyrophenone antipsychotics in the critically ill: a review of the literature. Pharmacotherapy. 1997;17:531-7.
    • (1997) Pharmacotherapy , vol.17 , pp. 531-537
    • Lawrence, K.R.1    Nasraway, S.A.2
  • 65
  • 66
    • 0030996364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Movement disorders associated with withdrawal from high-dose intravenous haloperidol therapy in delirious ICU patients
    • Riker RR, Fraser GL, Richen P. Movement disorders associated with withdrawal from high-dose intravenous haloperidol therapy in delirious ICU patients. Chest. 1997;111:1778-81.
    • (1997) Chest , vol.111 , pp. 1778-1781
    • Riker, R.R.1    Fraser, G.L.2    Richen, P.3
  • 68
    • 0023192961 scopus 로고
    • Decreased extrapiramidal reactions with the use of intravenous haloperidol
    • Menza MA, Murray GB, Holmes VF, Rafuls WA. Decreased extrapiramidal reactions with the use of intravenous haloperidol. J Clin Psychiatry. 1987;48:278-80.
    • (1987) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.48 , pp. 278-280
    • Menza, M.A.1    Murray, G.B.2    Holmes, V.F.3    Rafuls, W.A.4
  • 69
    • 0023921895 scopus 로고
    • Controlled study of extrapiramidal reactions in the management of delirious medically ill patients: Intravenous haloperidol versus intravenous haloperidol plus benzodiazepines
    • Menza MA, Murray GB, Holmes VF, Rafuls WA. Controlled study of extrapiramidal reactions in the management of delirious medically ill patients: intravenous haloperidol versus intravenous haloperidol plus benzodiazepines. Heart Lung. 1988;17:238-41.
    • (1988) Heart Lung , vol.17 , pp. 238-241
    • Menza, M.A.1    Murray, G.B.2    Holmes, V.F.3    Rafuls, W.A.4
  • 70
    • 0024466584 scopus 로고
    • Low incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms in treatment of delirium with intravenous haloperidol and lorazepam in the intensive care unit
    • Sanders KM, Minnema AM, Murray GB. Low incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms in treatment of delirium with intravenous haloperidol and lorazepam in the intensive care unit. J Intensive Care Med. 1989;4:201-4.
    • (1989) J Intensive Care Med , vol.4 , pp. 201-204
    • Sanders, K.M.1    Minnema, A.M.2    Murray, G.B.3
  • 71
    • 10844293663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: Risk factors, pathophysiology, and treatment
    • Ananth J, Aduri K, Parameswaran S, Gunatilake S. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: risk factors, pathophysiology, and treatment. Acta Neuropsychiatrica. 2004:16:219-28.
    • (2004) Acta Neuropsychiatrica , vol.16 , pp. 219-228
    • Ananth, J.1    Aduri, K.2    Parameswaran, S.3    Gunatilake, S.4
  • 74
    • 0032518968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Torsades de pointes associated with intravenous haloperidol in critically ill patients
    • Sharma ND, Rosman HS, Padhi ID, Tisdale JE. Torsades de pointes associated with intravenous haloperidol in critically ill patients. Am J Cardiol. 1998;81:238-40.
    • (1998) Am J Cardiol , vol.81 , pp. 238-240
    • Sharma, N.D.1    Rosman, H.S.2    Padhi, I.D.3    Tisdale, J.E.4
  • 75
    • 12244306234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haloperidol use is associated with lower hospital mortality in mechanically ventilated patients
    • Milbrandt EB, Kersten A, Kong L, Weissfeld LA, Clermont G, Fink MP, et al. Haloperidol use is associated with lower hospital mortality in mechanically ventilated patients. Crit Care Med. 2005;33:226-9.
    • (2005) Crit Care Med , vol.33 , pp. 226-229
    • Milbrandt, E.B.1    Kersten, A.2    Kong, L.3    Weissfeld, L.A.4    Clermont, G.5    Fink, M.P.6
  • 76
    • 12344326514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatments for schizophrenia: A critical review of pharmacology and mechanisms of action of antipsychotic drugs
    • Miyamoto S, Duncan GE, Marx CE, Lieberman JA. Treatments for schizophrenia: a critical review of pharmacology and mechanisms of action of antipsychotic drugs. Molecular Psychiatry. 2005;10:79-104.
    • (2005) Molecular Psychiatry , vol.10 , pp. 79-104
    • Miyamoto, S.1    Duncan, G.E.2    Marx, C.E.3    Lieberman, J.A.4
  • 77
    • 0036091838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of delirium
    • Schwartz TL, Masand PS. The role of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of delirium. Psychosomatics. 2002;43:171-4.
    • (2002) Psychosomatics , vol.43 , pp. 171-174
    • Schwartz, T.L.1    Masand, P.S.2
  • 78
    • 33645990638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atypical antipsychotics in the management of delirium: A review of the empirical literature
    • Boettger S, Breitbart W. Atypical antipsychotics in the management of delirium: a review of the empirical literature. Palliat Support Care. 2005;3:227-37.
    • (2005) Palliat Support Care , vol.3 , pp. 227-237
    • Boettger, S.1    Breitbart, W.2
  • 79
    • 0032950969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atypical antipsychotics. Part I. Pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and efficacy
    • Markowitz JS, Brown CS, Moore TR. Atypical antipsychotics. Part I. Pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and efficacy. Ann Pharmacother. 1999;33:73-85.
    • (1999) Ann Pharmacother , vol.33 , pp. 73-85
    • Markowitz, J.S.1    Brown, C.S.2    Moore, T.R.3
  • 80
    • 0031681225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olanzapine in the treatment of delirium
    • Sipahimalani A, Masand PS. Olanzapine in the treatment of delirium. Psychosomatics. 1998;39:422-30.
    • (1998) Psychosomatics , vol.39 , pp. 422-430
    • Sipahimalani, A.1    Masand, P.S.2
  • 82
    • 0036097170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An open trial of olanzapine for the treatment of delirium in hospitalized cancer patients
    • Breitbart W, Tremblay A, Gibson C. An open trial of olanzapine for the treatment of delirium in hospitalized cancer patients. Psychosomatics. 2002;43:175-82.
    • (2002) Psychosomatics , vol.43 , pp. 175-182
    • Breitbart, W.1    Tremblay, A.2    Gibson, C.3
  • 83
    • 45749086414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overview of antipsychotic medications
    • Jibson MD. Overview of antipsychotic medications. Up To Date. 2007.
    • (2007) Up To Date
    • Jibson, M.D.1
  • 84
    • 31344479789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of olanzapine after single-dose oral administration of standard tablet versus normal and sublingual administration of an orally disintegrating tablet in normal volunteers
    • Markowitz JS, DeVane CL, Malcolm RJ, Gefroh HA, Wang JS, Zhu HJ, et al. Pharmacokinetics of olanzapine after single-dose oral administration of standard tablet versus normal and sublingual administration of an orally disintegrating tablet in normal volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol. 2006;46:164-71.
    • (2006) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.46 , pp. 164-171
    • Markowitz, J.S.1    DeVane, C.L.2    Malcolm, R.J.3    Gefroh, H.A.4    Wang, J.S.5    Zhu, H.J.6
  • 89
    • 3042549215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A double-blind trial of risperidone and haloperidol for the treatment of delirium
    • Han CS, Kim YK. A double-blind trial of risperidone and haloperidol for the treatment of delirium. Psychosomatics. 2004;45:297-301.
    • (2004) Psychosomatics , vol.45 , pp. 297-301
    • Han, C.S.1    Kim, Y.K.2
  • 90
    • 34249742494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pediatric delirium in critical illness: Phenomenology, clinical correlates and treatment response in 40 cases in the pediatric intensive care unit
    • Schieveld JN, Leroy PL, van Os J, Nicolai J, Vos GD, Leentjens AF. Pediatric delirium in critical illness: phenomenology, clinical correlates and treatment response in 40 cases in the pediatric intensive care unit. Intensive Care Med. 2007;33:1033-40.
    • (2007) Intensive Care Med , vol.33 , pp. 1033-1040
    • Schieveld, J.N.1    Leroy, P.L.2    van Os, J.3    Nicolai, J.4    Vos, G.D.5    Leentjens, A.F.6
  • 91
    • 4344630011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous ziprasidone for treatment of delirium in the intensive care unit
    • Young CC, Lujan E. Intravenous ziprasidone for treatment of delirium in the intensive care unit. Anesthesiology. 2004;101:794-5.
    • (2004) Anesthesiology , vol.101 , pp. 794-795
    • Young, C.C.1    Lujan, E.2
  • 93
    • 0042385014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroleptic malignant syndrome induced by atypical antipsychotics
    • Farver DK. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome induced by atypical antipsychotics. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2003;2:21-35.
    • (2003) Expert Opin Drug Saf , vol.2 , pp. 21-35
    • Farver, D.K.1
  • 94
    • 0038715822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olanzapine induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome-a case review
    • Kogoj A, Velikonja I. Olanzapine induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome-a case review. Hum Psychopharmacol Clin Exp. 2003;18:301-9.
    • (2003) Hum Psychopharmacol Clin Exp , vol.18 , pp. 301-309
    • Kogoj, A.1    Velikonja, I.2
  • 96
    • 0035121517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac safety of olanzapine: Comparison with other atypical and atypical antipsychotics
    • Czekalla J, Kollack-Walker S, Beasley C. Cardiac safety of olanzapine: comparison with other atypical and atypical antipsychotics. J Clin Psychiatry. 2001;62 Suppl 2:35-40.
    • (2001) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.62 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 35-40
    • Czekalla, J.1    Kollack-Walker, S.2    Beasley, C.3
  • 97
    • 1642579574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized evaluation of the effects of six antipsychotic agents on QTc, in the absence and presence of metabolic inhibition
    • Harrigan EP, Miceli JJ, Anziano RA, Watsky E, Reeves KR, Cutler NR, et al. A randomized evaluation of the effects of six antipsychotic agents on QTc, in the absence and presence of metabolic inhibition. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2004;24:62-9.
    • (2004) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.24 , pp. 62-69
    • Harrigan, E.P.1    Miceli, J.J.2    Anziano, R.A.3    Watsky, E.4    Reeves, K.R.5    Cutler, N.R.6
  • 98
    • 26844538114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of death with atypical antipsychotic drug treatment for dementia: Meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials
    • Schneider LS, Dagerman KS, Insel P. Risk of death with atypical antipsychotic drug treatment for dementia: meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. JAMA. 2005;294:1934-43.
    • (2005) JAMA , vol.294 , pp. 1934-1943
    • Schneider, L.S.1    Dagerman, K.S.2    Insel, P.3
  • 99
    • 20044375721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atypical antipsychotic drugs and risk of ischaemic stroke: Population based retrospective cohort study
    • Gill SS, Rochon PA, Herrmann N, Lee PE, Sykora K, Gunraj N, et al. Atypical antipsychotic drugs and risk of ischaemic stroke: population based retrospective cohort study. BMJ. 2005;330:445-8.
    • (2005) BMJ , vol.330 , pp. 445-448
    • Gill, S.S.1    Rochon, P.A.2    Herrmann, N.3    Lee, P.E.4    Sykora, K.5    Gunraj, N.6
  • 100
    • 34447135513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neither atypical nor conventional antipsychotics increase mortality or hospital admissions among elderly patients with dementia: A two-year prospective study
    • Raivio MM, Laurila JV, Strandberg TE, Tilvis RS, Pitkala KH. Neither atypical nor conventional antipsychotics increase mortality or hospital admissions among elderly patients with dementia: a two-year prospective study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2007;15:416-24.
    • (2007) Am J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.15 , pp. 416-424
    • Raivio, M.M.1    Laurila, J.V.2    Strandberg, T.E.3    Tilvis, R.S.4    Pitkala, K.H.5
  • 101
    • 28244431743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of death in elderly users of conventional vs atypical antipsychotic medications
    • Wang PS, Schneeweiss S, Avorn J, Fischer MA, Mogun H, Solomon DH, et al. Risk of death in elderly users of conventional vs atypical antipsychotic medications. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:2335-41.
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.353 , pp. 2335-2341
    • Wang, P.S.1    Schneeweiss, S.2    Avorn, J.3    Fischer, M.A.4    Mogun, H.5    Solomon, D.H.6
  • 102
    • 4544276308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for prevention and treatment of adverse effects of antipsychotic drugs on glucose-insulin homeostasis and lipid metabolism
    • Melkersson KI, Dahl ML, Hulting AL. Guidelines for prevention and treatment of adverse effects of antipsychotic drugs on glucose-insulin homeostasis and lipid metabolism. Psychopharmacology. 2004:175:1-6.
    • (2004) Psychopharmacology , vol.175 , pp. 1-6
    • Melkersson, K.I.1    Dahl, M.L.2    Hulting, A.L.3
  • 103
    • 0034922211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel antipsychotics and severe hyperlipidemia
    • Meyer JM. Novel antipsychotics and severe hyperlipidemia. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2001;21:369-74.
    • (2001) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.21 , pp. 369-374
    • Meyer, J.M.1
  • 104
    • 33846025402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life-threatening hyperglycemia and acidosis related to olanzapine: A case report and review of the literature
    • Varma MK, Connolly K, Fulton B. Life-threatening hyperglycemia and acidosis related to olanzapine: a case report and review of the literature. J Intensive Care Med. 2007;22:52-5.
    • (2007) J Intensive Care Med , vol.22 , pp. 52-55
    • Varma, M.K.1    Connolly, K.2    Fulton, B.3
  • 106
    • 0034109950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double-blind study of tiapride versus haloperidol and placebo in agitation and aggresiveness in elderly patients with cognitive impairment
    • Allain H, Dautzenberg PHJ, Maurer K, Schuck S, Bonhomme D, Gérard D. Double-blind study of tiapride versus haloperidol and placebo in agitation and aggresiveness in elderly patients with cognitive impairment. Psychopharmacology. 2000;148:361-6.
    • (2000) Psychopharmacology , vol.148 , pp. 361-366
    • Allain, H.1    Dautzenberg, P.H.J.2    Maurer, K.3    Schuck, S.4    Bonhomme, D.5    Gérard, D.6
  • 107
    • 0028352020 scopus 로고
    • Tiapride. A review of its pharmacology and therapeutic potential in the management of alcohol dependence syndrome
    • Peters DH, Faulds D. Tiapride. A review of its pharmacology and therapeutic potential in the management of alcohol dependence syndrome. Drugs. 1994;47:1010-32.
    • (1994) Drugs , vol.47 , pp. 1010-1032
    • Peters, D.H.1    Faulds, D.2
  • 108
    • 9044244135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A double-blind trial of haloperidol, chlorpromazine, and lorazepam in the treatment of delirium in hospitalized AIDS patients
    • Breitbart W, Marotta R, Platt MM, Weisman H, Derevenco M, Grau C, et al. A double-blind trial of haloperidol, chlorpromazine, and lorazepam in the treatment of delirium in hospitalized AIDS patients. Am J Psychiatry. 1996;153:231-7.
    • (1996) Am J Psychiatry , vol.153 , pp. 231-237
    • Breitbart, W.1    Marotta, R.2    Platt, M.M.3    Weisman, H.4    Derevenco, M.5    Grau, C.6
  • 109
  • 110
    • 3142721188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working Group on the Management of Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium, Practice Guidelines Committee, American Society of Addiction Medicine. Management of alcohol withdrawal delirium. An evidence-based practice guideline
    • Mayo-Smith MF, Beecher LH, Fischer TL, Gorelick DA, Guillaume JL, Hill A, et al. Working Group on the Management of Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium, Practice Guidelines Committee, American Society of Addiction Medicine. Management of alcohol withdrawal delirium. An evidence-based practice guideline. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164:1405-12.
    • (2004) Arch Intern Med , vol.164 , pp. 1405-1412
    • Mayo-Smith, M.F.1    Beecher, L.H.2    Fischer, T.L.3    Gorelick, D.A.4    Guillaume, J.L.5    Hill, A.6
  • 112
    • 0028089893 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacologic treatment of brain failure and delirium
    • Crippen DW. Pharmacologic treatment of brain failure and delirium. Crit Care Clin. 1994;10:733-66.
    • (1994) Crit Care Clin , vol.10 , pp. 733-766
    • Crippen, D.W.1
  • 113
    • 0033931334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refractory delirium tremens treated with propofol: A case series
    • McCowan C, Marik P. Refractory delirium tremens treated with propofol: a case series. Crit Care Med. 2000;28:1781-4.
    • (2000) Crit Care Med , vol.28 , pp. 1781-1784
    • McCowan, C.1    Marik, P.2
  • 114
    • 33646086391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postoperative sedation can dramatically alter the development of delirium after cardiac surgery
    • Maldonado JR, Wysong A, van der Starre PJ, Block T, Reitz B. Postoperative sedation can dramatically alter the development of delirium after cardiac surgery. Psychosomatics. 2005;46:185.
    • (2005) Psychosomatics , vol.46 , pp. 185
    • Maldonado, J.R.1    Wysong, A.2    van der Starre, P.J.3    Block, T.4    Reitz, B.5
  • 116
    • 0030739996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does plasma free-3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl(ethylene)glycol increase in the delirious state? A comparison of the effects of mianserin and haloperidol on delirium
    • Nakamura J, Uchimura N, Yamada S, Nakazawa Y. Does plasma free-3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl(ethylene)glycol increase in the delirious state? A comparison of the effects of mianserin and haloperidol on delirium. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1997;12:147-52.
    • (1997) Int Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.12 , pp. 147-152
    • Nakamura, J.1    Uchimura, N.2    Yamada, S.3    Nakazawa, Y.4
  • 117
    • 0034104209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful palliation of hypoactive delirium due to multi-organ failure by oral methylphenidate
    • Morita T, Otani H, Tsunoda J, Inoue S, Chihara S. Successful palliation of hypoactive delirium due to multi-organ failure by oral methylphenidate. Support Care Cancer. 2000;8:134-7.
    • (2000) Support Care Cancer , vol.8 , pp. 134-137
    • Morita, T.1    Otani, H.2    Tsunoda, J.3    Inoue, S.4    Chihara, S.5
  • 118
    • 17544365270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylphenidate hydrochloride improves cognitive function in patients with advanced cancer and hypoactive delirium: A prospective clinical study
    • Gagnon B, Low G, Schreier G. Methylphenidate hydrochloride improves cognitive function in patients with advanced cancer and hypoactive delirium: a prospective clinical study. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2005;30:100-7.
    • (2005) J Psychiatry Neurosci , vol.30 , pp. 100-107
    • Gagnon, B.1    Low, G.2    Schreier, G.3
  • 119
    • 0032433872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Donepezil improves symptoms of delirium in dementia: Implications for future research
    • Wengel SP, Roccaforte WH, Burke WJ. Donepezil improves symptoms of delirium in dementia: implications for future research. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 1998;11:159-61.
    • (1998) J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol , vol.11 , pp. 159-161
    • Wengel, S.P.1    Roccaforte, W.H.2    Burke, W.J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.