Risk of death in elderly users of conventional vs. atypical antipsychotic medications

New England Journal of Medicine

Volumn 353, Issue 22, 2005, Pages 2335-2341

  Wang, Philip S ^a   Schneeweiss, Sebastian ^a   Avorn, Jerry ^a   Fischer, Michael A ^a   Mogun, Helen ^a   Solomon, Daniel H ^a   Brookhart, M Alan ^a  

^a BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETOPHENAZINE DIMALEATE; ARIPIPRAZOLE; ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT; CHLORPROMAZINE; CHLORPROTHIXENE; CLOZAPINE; FLUPHENAZINE; HALOPERIDOL; LOXAPINE SUCCINATE; MESORIDAZINE BESYLATE; MOLINDONE; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; OLANZAPINE; PERPHENAZINE; PIMOZIDE; QUETIAPINE; RISPERIDONE; THIORIDAZINE; TIOTIXENE; TRIFLUOPERAZINE; TRIFLUPROMAZINE; ZIPRASIDONE;

AGED; ARTICLE; COHORT ANALYSIS; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DEATH; DEMENTIA; DRUG COST; DRUG FATALITY; DRUG SAFETY; FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; HEALTH INSURANCE; HOME CARE; HUMAN; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; NONHUMAN; NURSING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; TIME SERIES ANALYSIS; UNITED STATES;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS; COHORT STUDIES; CONFOUNDING FACTORS (EPIDEMIOLOGY); DEMENTIA; DRUG THERAPY; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MOOD DISORDERS; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK;

EID: 28244431743     PISSN: 00284793     EISSN: 15334406     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa052827     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Colenda CC, Mickus MA, Marcus SC, Tanielian TL, Pincus HA. Comparison of adult and geriatric psychiatric practice patterns: findings from the American Psychiatric Association's Practice Research Network. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2002;10:609-17.
2. Giron MS, Forsell Y, Bernsten C, Thorslund M, Winblad B, Fastbom J. Psychotropic drug use in elderly people with and without dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2001;16:900-6.
3. Breisacher BA, Limcangco R, Simoni-Wastila L, et al. The quality of antipsychotic drug prescribing in nursing homes. Arch Intern Med 2005;165:1280-5.
4. Alexopoulos GS, Streim J, Carpenter D, Docherty JP. Using antipsychotic agents in older patients. J Clin Psychiatry 2004;65:Suppl 2:5-99.
5. Dewa CS, Remington G, Herrmann N, Fearnley J, Goering P. How much are atypical antipsychotic agents being used, and do they reach the populations who need them? A Canadian experience. Clin Ther 2002;24:1466-76.
6. Food and Drug Administration. FDA public health advisory: deaths with antipsychotics in elderly patients with behavioral disturbances. (Accessed November 3, 2005, at www.fda.gov/cder/drug/advisory/antipsychotics.htm.)
7. Kuehn BM. FDA warns antipsychotic drugs may be risky for elderly. JAMA 2005;293:2462.
8. Strong C. Antipsychotic use in elderly patients with dementia prompts new FDA warning. Neuropsychiatry Rev 2005;6:1-17.
9. Chan YC, Pariser SF, Neufeld G. Atypical antipsychotics in older adults. Pharmacotherapy 1999;19:811-22.
10. Tariot PN. The older patient: the ongoing challenge of efficacy and tolerability. J Clin Psychiatry 1999;60:Suppl 23:29-33.
11. Maixner SM, Mellow AM, Tandon R. The efficacy, safety, and tolerability of antipsychotics in the elderly. J Clin Psychiatry 1999;60:Suppl 8:29-41.
12. Lawlor BA. Behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia: the role of atypical antipsychotics. J Clin Psychiatry 2004;65:Suppl 11:5-10.
13. Ray WA. Evaluating medication effects outside of clinical trials: new-user designs. Am J Epidemiol 2003;158:915-20.
14. Rosenbaum PR, Rubin DB. The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika 1983;70:41-5.
15. Bowden RJ, Turkington DA. Instrumental variables. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
16. Angrist JD, Imbens GW, Rubin DB. Identification of causal effects using instrumental variables. J Am Stat Assoc 1996;91:444-55.
17. McClellan M, McNeil BJ, Newhouse JP. Does more intensive treatment of acute myocardial infarction in the elderly reduce mortality? Analysis using instrumental variables. JAMA 1994;272:859-66.
18. Brookhart MA, Wang PS, Solomon DH, Schneeweiss S. Evaluating short-term drug effects using a physician-specific prescribing preference as an instrumental variable. Epidemiology (in press).
19. Wang PS, Bohn RL, Glynn RJ, Mogun H, Avorn J. Zolpidem use and hip fractures in older people. J Am Geriatr Soc 2001;49:1685-90.
20. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Pharmaceutical Assistance Contract for the Elderly Act. 62 P.S. 2901-2908. (Accessed November 3, 2005, at http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/006/006toc.html.)
21. Social Security Administration's Death Master File database. Global Internet Management, 2004. (Accessed November 3, 2005, at http://www.ssdmf.com.)
22. Salzman C, ed. Clinical geriatric psychopharmacology. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005.
23. Department of Health and Human Services. The international classification of diseases, 9th rev., clinical modification: ICD-9-CM. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1988.
24. Physicians' current procedural terminology: CPT. 4th ed. Chicago: American Medical Association, 1989.
25. St. Anthony's DRG working guidebook. Alexandria, Va.: St. Anthony Publishing, 1993.
26. Schneeweiss S, Seeger JD, Maclure M, Wang PS, Avorn J, Glynn RJ. Performance of comorbidity scores to control for confounding in epidemiologic studies using claims data. Am J Epidemiol 2001;154:854-64.
27. Nasrallah HA, White T, Nasrallah AT. Lower mortality in geriatric patients receiving risperidone and olanzapine versus haloperidol: preliminary analysis of retrospective data. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2004;12:437-9.
28. Barak Y, Shamir E, Weizman R. Would a switch from typical antipsychotics to risperidone be beneficial for elderly schizophrenic patients? A naturalistic, long-term, retrospective, comparative study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2002;22:115-20.
29. Dolder CR, Lacro JP, Dunn LB, Jeste DV. Antipsychotic medication adherence: is there a difference between typical and atypical agents? Am J Psychiatry 2002;159:103-8. [Erratum, Am J Psychiatry 2002;159:514.]