The downstream transcriptional enhancer, ed, positively regulates mouse IgK gene expression and somatic hypermutation

Journal of Immunology

Volumn 180, Issue 10, 2008, Pages 6725-6732

  Xiang, Yougui ^a   Garrard, William T ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT DALLAS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

IMMUNOGLOBULIN KAPPA CHAIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN LAMBDA CHAIN; MESSENGER RNA; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ED; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; IGK; IMMUNOGLOBULIN;

ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING; ENHANCER REGION; GENE DELETION; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENE LOCUS; GENE REARRANGEMENT; GERMINAL CENTER; HOMOZYGOSITY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENE; IN VIVO STUDY; INTRON; KNOCKOUT MOUSE; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PEYER PATCH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SOMATIC HYPERMUTATION; SPLEEN CELL; T LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION; ANIMAL; B LYMPHOCYTE; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; FLOW CYTOMETRY; GENE EXPRESSION; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; GENETICS; IMMUNOLOGY; MOUSE MUTANT; NORTHERN BLOTTING; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SOUTHERN BLOTTING;

ANIMALS; B-LYMPHOCYTES; BLOTTING, NORTHERN; BLOTTING, SOUTHERN; ENHANCER ELEMENTS (GENETICS); ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; FLOW CYTOMETRY; GENE EXPRESSION; GENES, IMMUNOGLOBULIN; IMMUNOGLOBULINS; MICE; MICE, KNOCKOUT; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RNA, MESSENGER; SOMATIC HYPERMUTATION, IMMUNOGLOBULIN; TRANSCRIPTION, GENETIC;

EID: 45549105961     PISSN: 00221767     EISSN: 15506606     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.10.6725     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Yancopoulos, G. D., and F. W. Alt. 1985. Developmental controlled and tissue-specific expression of unrearranged VH gene segments. Cell 40: 271-281.
2. Gellert, M. 2002. Recombination: RAG proteins, repair factors, and regulation. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 71: 101-132.
3. Curry, J. D., J. K. Geier, and M. S. Schlissel. 2005. Single-strand recombination signal sequence nicks in vivo: evidence for a capture model of synapsis. Nat. Immunol. 6: 1272-1279.
4. Liu, Z. M., J. B. George-Raizen, S. Li, K. C. Meyers, M. Y. Chang, and W. T. Garrard. 2002. Chromatin structural analyses of the mouse Igκ gene locus reveal new hypersensitive sites specifying a transcriptional silencer and enhancer. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 32640-32649.
5. Schlissel, M. S. 2004. Regulation of activation and recombination of the murine Igκ locus. Immunol. Rev. 200: 215-223.
6. Odegard, V. H., and D. G. Schatz. 2006. Targeting of somatic hypermutation. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 6: 573-583.
7. Mostoslavsky, R., N. Singh, A. Kirillov, R. Pelanda, H. Cedar, A. Chess, and Y. Bergman. 1998. κ chain monoallelic demethylation and the establishment of allelic exclusion. Genes Dev. 12: 1801-1811.
8. Liu, Z., and W. T. Garrard. 2005. Long range interactions between three transcriptional enhancers, active Vκ gene promoters and a 3′ boundary sequence spanning 46 kb. Mol. Cell. Biol. 25: 3220-3231.
9. Fuxa, M., and J. A. Skok. 2007. Transcriptional regulation in early B cell development. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 19: 1-8.
10. Brekke, K. M., and W. T. Garrard. 2004. Assembly and analysis of the mouse immunoglobulin K gene sequence. Immunogenetics 56: 490-505.
11. Durdik, J. M., M. W. Moore, and E. Seising. 1984. Novel κ light chain rearrangements in mouse λ lisht chain producing B lymphocytes. Nature 307: 749-750.
12. Liu, Z., P. Widlak, Y. Zou, F. Xiao, M. Oh, S. Li, M. Y. Chang, J. W. Shay, and W. T. Garrard. 2006. A recombination silencer that specifies hcterochromatin positioning and Ikaros association in the immunoglobulin κ locus. Immunity 24: 405-415.
13. Van Ness, B., M. Weigert, C. Coleclough, E. L. Mather, D. E. Kelle, and R. P. Perry. 1981. Transcription of the unrearranged mouse C κ locus: sequence of the initiation region and comparison of activity with a rearranged V κ - C K gene. Cell 27: 593-602.
14. Martin, D., and B. Van Ness. 1990. Initiation and processing of two κ immunoglobulin germline transcripts in mouse B cell. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10: 1950-1958.
15. Ferradini, L., H. Gu, A. D. Smet, K. Rajewsky, C.-A. Reynaud, and J.-C. Weill. 1996. Rearrangement-enhancing element upstream of the mouse immunoglobulin K chain J cluster. Science 271: 1416-1420.
16. Max, E. E., J. V. Maizel, Jr., and P. Leder. 1981. The nucleotide sequence of a 5.5 kilobase DNA segment containing the mouse κ immunoglobulin J and C region genes. J. Biol. Chem. 256: 5116-5120.
17. Cockerill, P. N., and W. T. Garrard. 1986. Chromosomal loop anchorage of the κ immunoglobulin gene occurs next to the enhancer in a region containing topoisomerase II sites. Cell 44: 273-282.
18. Queen, C, and D. Baltimore. 1983. Immunoglobulin gene transcription is activated by downstream sequence elements. Cell 33: 741-748.
19. Xu, M., M. B. Barnard, S. M. Rose, P. N. Cockerill, S.-Y. Huang, and W. T. Garrard. 1986. Transcription termination and chromatin structure of the active immunoglobulin K gene locus. J. Biol. Chem. 261: 3838-3845.
20. Meyer, K. B., and M. S. Neuberger. 1989. The immunoglobulin κ locus contains a second, stronger B cell specific enhancer which is located downstream of the constant region. EMBO J. 8: 1959-1964.
21. Cocea, L., A. DeSmet, M. Saghatchian, S. Fillatreau, L. Ferradini, S. Schurmans, J.-C. Weill, and C.-A. Reynaud. 1999. A targeted deletion of a region upstream from the Jκ cluster impairs κ chain rearrangement in cis in mice and in the 103/bcl2 cell line. J. Exp. Med. 189: 1443-1449.
22. Liu, X., and B. Van Ness. 1999. Gene targeting of the KI-KII sequence elements in a model pre-B cell line: effects on germline transcription and rearrangement of the κ locus. Mol. Immunol. 36: 464-469.
23. Yi, M., P. Wu, K.W. Trevorrow, L. Claflin, and W. T. Garrard. 1999. Evidence that the Igκ gene MAR regulates the probability of premature V-J joining and somatic hypermutation. J. Immunol. 162: 6029-6039.
24. Hale, M. A., and W. T. Garrard. 1998. A targeted κ immunoglobulin gene containing a deletion of the nuclear matrix association region exhibits spontaneous hyper-recombination in pre-B cells. Mol. Immunol. 35: 609-620.
25. Xu, Y., L. Davidson, F. W. Alt, and D. Baltimore. 1996. Deletion of the Igκ light chain intronic enhancer/matrix attachment region impairs but does not abolish VK-JK rearrangement. Immunity 4: 377-385.
26. Gorman, J. R., N. Van der Stoep, R. Monroe, M. Cogne, L. Davidson, and F. W. Alt. 1996. The Igκ 3′ enhancer influences the ratio of Igκ versus Igλ B lymphocytes. Immunity 5: 241-252.
27. Inlay, M., F. W. Alt, D. Baltimore, and Y. Xu. 2002. Essential roles of the κ light chain intronic enhancer and 3′ enhancer in κ rearrangement and demethylation. Nat. Immunol. 3: 463-468.
28. Inlay, M. A., H. H. Gao, V. H. Odegard, T. Lin, D. G. Schatz, and Y. Xu. 2006. Roles of the Ig κ light chain intronic and 3′ enhancers in Igκ somatic hypermutation. J. Immunol. 177: 1146-1151.
29. Van der Stoep, N., J. R. Gorman, and F. W. Alt. 1998. Reevaluation of 3′ Eκ function in stage- and lineage-specific rearrangement and somatic hypermutation. Immunity 8: 743-750.
30. Lee, G., and I. Saito. 1998. Role of nucleolide sequences of loxP spacer region in Cre-mediated recombination. Gene 216: 55-65.
31. Tallquist, M. D., and P. Soriano. 2000. Epiblast-restricted Cre expression in MORE mice: a tool to distinguish embryonic vs. extra-embryonic gene function. Genesis 26: 113-115.
32. Bondada, S., and D. A. Robertson. 2003. Purification of resting B cells by Percoll gradient centrifugation. In Current Protocols in Immunology. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, pp. 3.8.15-3.8.17.
33. Schlissel, M. S., and D. Baltimore. 1989. Activation of immunoglobulin κ gene rearrangement correlates with induction of germline κ gene-transcription. Cell 58: 1001-1007.
34. Shapiro-Shelef, M., K. I. Lin, L. J. McHeyzer-Williams, J. Liao, M. G. McHeyzer-Williams, and K. Calame. 2003. Blimp-1 is required for the formation of immunoglobulin secreting plasma cells and pre-plasma memory B cells. Immunity 19: 607-620.
35. Zou, Y. R., S. Takeda, and K. Rajewsky. 1993. Gene targeting in the Ig kappa locus: efficient generation of λ chain-expressing B cells, independent of gene rearrangements in Ig κ. EMBO J. 12: 811-820.
36. Michael, N., H. M. Shen, S. Longerich, N. Kim, A. Longacre, and U. Storb. 2003. The E box motif CAGGTG enhances somatic hypermutation without enhancing transcription. Immunity 19: 235-242.
37. Schoetz, U., M. Cervelli, Y. D. Wang, P. Fiedler, and J. M. Buerstedde. 2006. E2A expression stimulates Ig hypermutation. J. Immunol. 177: 395-400.
38. Fagarasan, S., and T. Honjo. 2000. T-independent immune response: new aspects of B cell biology. Science 290: 89-92.
39. Sharpe, M. J., M. Neuberger, R. Pannell, M. A. Surani, and C. Milstein. 1990. Lack of somatic mutation in a κ light chain transgene. Eur. J. Immunol. 20: 1379-1385.
40. Betz, A. G., C. Milstein, A. Gonzalez-Fernandez, R. Pannell, T. Larson, and M. Neuberger. 1994. Elements regulating somatic mutation of an immunoglobulin κ gene: critical role for the intron enhancer/matrix attachment region. Cell 77: 239-248.