Are hotspots of evolutionary potential adequately protected in southern California?

Biological Conservation

Volumn 141, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 1648-1664

  Vandergast, Amy G ^a   Bohonak, Andrew J ^b   Hathaway, Stacie A ^a   Boys, Joshua ^b   Fisher, Robert N ^a  

^a U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

^b SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Biogeography; Comparative phylogeography; Conservation genetics; Geographic Information Systems; Reserve design

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; BIOGEOGRAPHY; CONSERVATION GENETICS; ECOREGION; GEOMORPHOLOGY; GIS; LAND USE PLANNING; MITOCHONDRIAL DNA; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; RESERVE DESIGN; SPECIES DIVERSITY;

CALIFORNIA; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES;

INVERTEBRATA; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 44649148912     PISSN: 00063207     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.04.009     Document Type: Article

References (103)

1. Alexander M.P., and Burns K.J. Intraspecific phylogeography and adaptive divergence in the white-headed woodpecker. Condor 108 (2006) 489-508
2. Avise J.C. Molecular population structure and the biogeographic history of a regional fauna: a case history with lessons for conservation biology. Oikos 63 (1992) 62-76
3. Avise J.C. Phylogeography: The History and Formation of Species (2000), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts
4. Ball, I.R., Possingham, H.P., 2000. MARXAN: Marine Reserve Design Using Spatially Explicit Annealing. .
5. Ballard J.W.O., and Whitlock M.C. The incomplete natural history of mitochondria. Molecular Ecology 13 (2004) 729-744
6. Barton N.H., and Hewitt G.M. Analysis of hybrid zones. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 16 (1985) 113-148
7. Barton N.H., Halliday R.B., and Hewitt G.M. Rare electrophoretic variants in a hybrid zone. Heredity 50 (1983) 139-146
8. Beier P., Penrod K.L., Luke C., Spencer W.D., and Cabanero C. South Coast Missing Linkages: restoring connectivity to wildlands in the largest metropolitan area in the United States. In: Crooks K., and Sanjayan M.A. (Eds). Connectivity Conservation (2006), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England 555-586
9. Blythe A.E., Burbank D.W., Farley K.A., and Fielding E.J. Structural and topographic evolution of the central Transverse Ranges, California, from apatite fission-track, (U-Th)/He and digital elevation model analyses. Basin Research 12 (2000) 97-114
10. Bond J.E., Beamer D.A., Lamb T., and Hedin M. Combining genetic and geospatial analyses to infer population extinction in mygalamorph spiders endemic to the Los Angeles region. Animal Conservation 9 (2006) 145-158
11. Burns K.J., and Barhoum D.N. Population-level history of the wrentit (Chamaea fasciata): Implications for comparative phylogeography in the California Floristic Province. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 38 (2006) 117-129
12. Calsbeek R., Thompson J.N., and Richardson J.E. Patterns of molecular evolution and diversification in a biodiversity hotspot: The California Floristic Province. Molecular Ecology 12 (2003) 1021-1029
13. Carson H.L., and Templeton A.R. Genetic revolutions in relation to speciation phenomena: the founding of new populations. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 15 (1984) 97-132
14. Chatzimanolis S., and Caterino M.S. Toward a better understanding of the Transverse Range break: lineage diversification in southern California. Evolution 61 (2007) 2127-2141
15. Cook J.A., Dawson N.G., and MacDonald S.O. Conservation of highly fragmented systems: the north temperate Alexander Archipelago. Biological Conservation 133 (2006) 1-15
16. Cosma T.N., Smith A.J., and Palmer D.F. Uplift of Peninsular Ranges affects terrestrial climate record of enhanced tropical moisture in late Pliocene, Anza Borrego Desert, California. Abstracts with Programs-Geological Society of America 34 (2002) 45
17. Cowling R.M., and Pressey R.L. Rapid plant diversification: planning for an evolutionary future. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 98 (2001) 5452-5457
18. Cowling R.M., Pressey R.L., Rouget M., and Lombard A.T. A conservation plan for a global biodiversity hotspot - the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa. Biological Conservation 112 (2003) 191-216
19. Crandall K.A., Bininda-Emonds O.R.P., Mace G.M., and Wayne R.K. Considering evolutionary processes in conservation biology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 15 (2000) 290-295
20. Davis, F.W., 1994. Gap analysis of the Southwestern California Region. National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California. Number 94-4.
21. Davis E.B., Koo M.S., Conroy C., Patton J.L., and Moritz C. The California hotspots project: identifying regions of rapid diversification of mammals. Molecular Ecology 17 (2008) 120-138
22. Dawson M.N., and Hamner W.M. Rapid evolutionary radiation of marine zooplankton in peripheral environments. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 102 (2005) 9235-9240
23. Dobson A.P., Rodriguez J.P., Roberts W.M., and Wilcove D.S. Geographic distribution of endangered species in the United States. Science 275 (1997) 550-553
24. Ebert D., Haag C., Kirkpatrick M., Riek M., Hottinger J.W., and Pajunen V.I. A selective advantage to immigrant genes in a Daphnia metapopulation. Science 295 (2002) 485-488
25. Ellison C.K., and Burton R.S. Interpopulation hybrid breakdown maps to the mitochondrial genome. Evolution 62 (2008) 631-638
26. Ernest H.B., Boyce W.M., Bleich V.C., May B., Stiver S.J., and Torres S.G. Genetic structure of mountain lion (Puma concolor) populations in California. Conservation Genetics 4 (2003) 353-366
27. Erwin T.L. An evolutionary basis for conservation strategies. Science 267 (1991) 41-42
28. Etterson J.R. Evolutionary potential of Chamaecrista fasciculata in relation to climate change. II. Genetic architecture of three populations reciprocally planted along an environmental gradient in the Great Plains. Evolution 58 (2004) 1459-1471
29. Excoffier, L., Laval, G., Schneider, S., 2006. Arlequin: an integrated software package for population genetics data analysis. v. 3.01 for Windows. .
30. Feldman C.R., and Spicer G.S. Comparative phylogeography of woodland reptiles in California: repeated patterns of cladogenesis and population expansion. Molecular Ecology 15 (2006) 2201-2222
31. Ferrier S. Mapping spatial pattern in biodiversity for regional conservation planning: Where to from here?. Systematic Biology 51 (2002) 331-363
32. Forest F., Grenyer R., Rouget M., Davies T.J., Cowling R.M., Faith D.P., Balmford A., Manning J.C., Proches S., van der Bank M., Reeves G., Hedderson T.A.J., and Savolainen V. Preserving the evolutionary potential of floras in biodiversity hotspots. Nature 445 (2007) 757-760
33. Frankel O.H. Genetic conservation: our evolutionary responsibility. Genetics 78 (1974) 53-65
34. Gavrilets S., and Boake C.R.B. On the evolution of premating isolation after a founder event. American Naturalist 152 (1998) 706-716
35. Hall, C.A.J., 2002. Nearshore marine paleoclimatic regions, increasing zoogeographic provinciality, molluscan extinctions, and paleoshores, California: late Oligocene (27 MA) to late Pliocene (2.5 MA), Geological Society of America, Special Paper.
36. Hare M.P. Prospects for nuclear gene phylogeography. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 16 (2001) 700-706
37. Hellmann J.J., and Pineda-Krch M. Constraints and reinforcement on adaptation under climate change: selection of genetically correlated traits. Biological Conservation 137 (2007) 599-609
38. Horskins K., Mather P.B., and Wilson J.C. Corridors and connectivity: when use and function do not equate. Landscape Ecology 21 (2006) 641-655
39. Humphries C.J., Williams P.H., and Vane-Wright R.I. Measuring biodiversity value for conservation. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 26 (1995) 93-111
40. Hunter R.D., Fisher R.N., and Crooks K.R. Landscape-level connectivity in coastal southern California, USA, as assessed through carnivore habitat suitability. Natural Areas Journal 23 (2003) 302-314
41. Jacobs D.K., Haney T.A., and Louie K.D. Genes, diversity, and geologic process on the Pacific Coast. Annual Review of Earth Planetary Sciences 32 (2004) 601-652
42. Jensen, J.L., Bohonak, A.J., Kelley, S.T., 2005. Isolation by Distance, Web Service. BMC Genetics 6, 13. v. 2.1. .
43. Jockusch E.L., and Wake D.B. Falling apart and merging: Diversification of slender salamanders (Plethodontidae: Batrachoseps) in the American West. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 76 (2002) 361-391
44. Kelchner S.A., and Thomas M.A. Model use in phylogenetics: nine key questions. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 22 (2007) 87-94
45. Kiester A.R., Scott J.M., Csuti B., Noss R.F., Butterfield B., Sahr K., and White D. Conservation prioritization using GAP data. Conservation Biology 10 (1996) 1332-1342
46. Kimura M. A simple method for estimating evolutionary rate of base substitution through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution 16 (1980) 111-120
47. LaPointe F.-J., and Rissler L.J. Congruence, consensus, and the comparative phylogeography of codistributed species in Calfornia. The American Naturalist 166 (2005) 290-299
48. Lavergne S., and Molofsky J. Increased genetic variation and evolutionary potential drive the success of an invasive grass. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104 (2007) 3883-3888
49. Lovich R. Phylogeography of the night lizard, Xantusia henshawi, in southern California: evolution across fault zones. Herpetologica 57 (2001) 470-487
50. Maldonado J.E., Vila C., and Wayne R.K. Tripartite genetic subdivisions in the ornate shrew (Sorex ornatus). Molecular Ecology 10 (2001) 127-147
51. Matocq M.D. Phylogeographical structure and regional history of the dusky-footed woodrat, Neotoma fuscipes. Molecular Ecology 11 (2002) 229-242
52. Mayr E. Animal Species and Evolution (1963), Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA
53. Mech S.G., and Hallett J.G. Evaluating the effectiveness of corridors: a genetic approach. Conservation Biology 15 (2001) 467-474
54. Miller M.P. Alleles In Space (AIS): computer software for the joint analysis of interindividual spatial and genetic information. Journal of Heredity 96 (2005) 722-724
55. Mitrovich, M.J., 2006. A case study in conservation science: the spatial ecology and evolutionary history of the coachwhip snake (Masticophis flagellum) and striped racer (M. lateralis). PhD Dissertation, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA.
56. Mooers A.O., Rundle H.D., and Whitlock M.C. The effects of selection and bottlenecks on male mating success in peripheral isolates. American Naturalist 153 (1999) 437-444
57. Moritz C. Uses of molecular phylogenies for conservation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B Biological Sciences 349 (1995) 113-118
58. Moritz C. Strategies to protect biological diversity and the evolutionary processes that sustain it. Systematic Biology 51 (2002) 238-254
59. Moritz C., and Faith D.P. Comparative phylogeography and the identification of genetically divergent areas for conservation. Molecular Ecology 7 (1998) 419-429
60. Munz P.A. A Manual of Southern California Botany (1935), Claremont College, Claremont, CA
61. Myers N. The biodiversity challenge: expanded hot-spots analysis. The Environmentalist 10 (1990) 243-256
62. Myers N., and Knoll A.H. The biotic crisis and the future of evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 98 (2001) 5389-5392
63. Myers N., Mittermeier R.A., Mittermeier C.G., da Fonseca G.A.B., and Kent J. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403 (2000) 853-858
64. Nei M., and Li W.-H. Mathematical model for studying genetic variation in terms of restriction endonucleases. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 76 (1979) 5269-5273
65. Nilsen, T.H., Clarke, S.H., 1975. Sedimentation and tectonics in the early Tertiary continental borderland of central California. U.S. Geological Survey Prof. Paper. Number 925.
66. Noss R.F. A regional landscape approach to maintain diversity. Bioscience 33 (1983) 700-706
67. Orme C.D.L., Davies R.G., Burgess M., and Eigenbrod F. Global hotspots of species richness are not congruent with endemism or threat. Nature 436 (2005) 1016-1019
68. Patton, J.L., Huckaby, D.G., Álvarez-Casteñada, S.T., 2008. The evolutionary history and a systematic revision of woodrats of the Neotoma lepida group. University of California Publications in Zoology 135.
69. Peabody F.E., and Savage J.M. Evolution of a coast range corridor in California and its effect on the origin and dispersal of living amphibians and reptiles. In: Hubbs C.L. (Ed). Zoogeography. Publication 51 (1958), American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, DC 159-186
70. Possingham H.P., Ball I.R., and Andelman S. Mathematical methods for identifying representative reserve networks. In: Ferson S., and Burgman M. (Eds). Quantitative methods for conservation biology (2000), Springer-Verlag, New York 291-305
71. Prendergast J.R., Quinn R.M., and Lawton J.H. The gaps between theory and practice in selecting natural reserves. Conservation Biology 13 (1999) 484-492
72. Pressey R.L. Applications of irreplaceability analysis to planning and management problems. Parks 9 (1999) 42-51
73. Radeloff V.C., Hammer R.B., Stewart S.I., Fried J.S., Holcomb S.S., and McKeefry J.F. The wildland-urban interface in the United States. Ecological Applications 15 (2005) 799-805
74. Raven P.H. Catastrophic selection and edaphic endemism. Evolution 18 (1964) 336-338
75. Raven P.H., and Axelrod D.I. Origin and relationships of the California flora. University of California Publications in Botany (1978), University of California Press, Berkeley, CA
76. Remington C.L. Suture-zones of hybrid interaction between recently joined biotas. In: Dobzhansky T., Hecht M.K., and Steere W.C. (Eds). Evolutionary Biology Vol. 2 (1968), Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York 321-428
77. Richmond J.Q., and Reeder T.W. Evidence for parallel ecological speciation in scincid lizards of the Eumeces skiltonianus species group (Squamata: Scincidae). Evolution 56 (2002) 1498-1513
78. Riddle B.R., and Hafner D.J. A step-wise approach to integrating phylogeographic and phylogenetic biogeographic perspectives on the history of a core North American warm deserts biota. Journal of Arid Environments 66 (2006) 435-461
79. Rissler L.J., Hijmans R.J., Graham C.H., Moritz C., and Wake D.B. Phylogeographic lineages and species comparisons in conservation analyses: a case study of California herpetofauna. The American Naturalist 167 (2006) 655-666
80. Rodríguez-Robles J.A., Denardo D.F., and Staub R.E. Phylogeography of the California mountain kingsnake, Lampropeltis zonata (Colubridae). Molecular Ecology 8 (1999) 1923-1934
81. Rosatti, T.J., 2003. Jepson online interchange for California floristics. .
82. Rubinoff D., and Sperling F.A.H. Mitochondrial DNA sequence, morphology and ecology yield contrasting conservation implications for two threatened buckmoths (Hemileuca: Saturniidae). Biodiversity and Conservation 118 (2004) 341-351
83. Saucedo, G.J., Bedford, D.R., Raines, G.L., Miller, R.J., Wentworth, C.M., 2000. GIS data for the digital map of California, CDROM 2000-007. California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, Sacramento. v. 2.0.
84. Scott J.M., Davis F., Csuti B., Noss R.F., Butterfield B., Groves C., Anderson H., Caicoo S., D'Erchia F., Edwards Jr. T.C., Ulliman J., and Wright R.G. Gap analysis: a geographic approach to protection of biological diversity. Wildlife Monographs 123 (1993) 1-41
85. Sgariglia E.A., and Burns K.J. Phylogeography of the California thrasher (Toxostoma redivivum) based on nested-clade analysis of mitochondrial-DNA variation. The Auk 120 (2003) 346-361
86. Spinks P.Q., and Shaffer H.B. Range-wide molecular analysis of the western pond turtle (Emys marmorata): cryptic variation, isolation by distance, and their conservation implications. Molecular Ecology 14 (2005) 2047-2064
87. Stebbins G.L., and Major J. Endemism and speciation in the California flora. Ecological Monographs 35 (1965) 1-35
88. Swei A., Brylski P.V., Spencer W.D., Dodd S.C., and Patton J.L. Hierarchical genetic structure in fragmented populations of the Little Pocket Mouse (Perognathus longimembris) in southern California. Conservation Genetics 4 (2003) 501-514
89. Tallmon D.A., Luikart G., and Waples R.S. The alluring simplicity and complex reality of genetic rescue. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 19 (2004) 489-496
90. Templeton A.R. Experimental evidence for the genetic-transilience model of speciation. Evolution 50 (1996) 909-915
91. Templeton A.R., Robertson R.J., Brisson J., and Strasburg J. Disrupting evolutionary processes: the effect of habitat fragmentation on collared lizards in the Missouri Ozarks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 98 (2001) 5426-5432
92. Turgeon J., Estoup A., and Bernatchez L. Species flock in the North American Great Lakes: molecular ecology of Lake Nipigon ciscoes (Teleostei: Coregonidae: Coregonus). Evolution 53 (1999) 1857-1871
93. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and National Marine Fisheries Service, 1996. Policy regarding the recognition of distinct vertebrate population segments under the endangered species act. Federal Register, Number 96-2639. .
94. University of California, Berkeley, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 2006. Protecting evolutionary hotspots and the future of biological diversity in California. .
95. Vandergast A.G., Bohonak A.J., Weissman D.B., and Fisher R.N. Understanding the genetic effects of recent habitat fragmentation in the context of evolutionary history: phylogeography and landscape genetics of a southern California endemic Jerusalem cricket (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae: Stenopelmatus). Molecular Ecology 16 (2007) 992-997
96. Velleman, P.F., 1997. DataDesk. Data Description, Ithaca, NY. v. 6.1.1 for Macintosh.
97. Wake D.B. Incipient species formation in salamanders of the Ensatina complex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 94 (1997) 7761-7767
98. Western Regional Climate Center, Oregon Climate Service, 1994. PRISM Precipitation Maps: 1961-90, Southern California. .
99. White, M.D., Stallcup, J.A., Comer, K., Vargas, M.A., Beltran-Abaunza, J.M., Ochoa, F., Morrison, S., 2006. Designing and establishing conservation areas in the Baja California-Southern California border region. Conservation Biology Institute, Encinitas, California. Report for California Department of Fish and Game.
100. Williams P., Gibbons D., Margules C., Rebelo A., Humphries C., and Pressey R. A comparison of richness hotspots, rarity hotspots, and complementary areas for conserving diversity of British birds. Conservation Biology 10 (1996) 155-174
101. Wilson E.O. The diversity of life (1992), Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambrige, Mass
102. Wood D.A., Reeder T.W., and Fisher R.N. Novel patterns of historical isolation, dispersal, and secondary contact across Baja California in the Rosy Boa (Lichanura trivirgata). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 46 (2008) 484-502
103. Yanev K.P. Biogeography and distribution of three parapatric salamander species in coastal and borderland California. In: Power D.M. (Ed). The California Islands: Proceedings of a Multidisciplinary Symposium (1980), Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, CA 531-550