메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 58, Issue 7, 2004, Pages 1459-1471

Evolutionary potential of Chamaecrista fasciculata in relation to climate change. II. Genetic architecture of three populations reciprocally planted along an environmental gradient in the great plains

Author keywords

Across environment additive genetic correlation; Distribution of genetic variation; Genetic constraint; Global warming; Heritability

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENT; EVOLUTION; GENETIC VARIATION;

EID: 3543077600     PISSN: 00143820     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2004.tb01727.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (111)

References (78)
  • 1
    • 0001417694 scopus 로고
    • The nature of the limits to natural selection
    • Antonovics, J. 1976. The nature of the limits to natural selection. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 63:224-247.
    • (1976) Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. , vol.63 , pp. 224-247
    • Antonovics, J.1
  • 2
    • 0027060065 scopus 로고
    • Constraints on phenotypic evolution
    • Arnold, S. J. 1992. Constraints on phenotypic evolution. Am. Nat. 140:S85-S107.
    • (1992) Am. Nat. , vol.140
    • Arnold, S.J.1
  • 4
    • 0029661298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental-dependence of quantitative genetic parameters in Impatiens pallida
    • Bennington, C. C., and J. B. McGraw. 1996. Environmental-dependence of quantitative genetic parameters in Impatiens pallida. Evolution 50:1083-1097.
    • (1996) Evolution , vol.50 , pp. 1083-1097
    • Bennington, C.C.1    McGraw, J.B.2
  • 6
    • 0023468518 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of phenotypic variance
    • Bull, J. J. 1987. Evolution of phenotypic variance. Evolution 41:303-315.
    • (1987) Evolution , vol.41 , pp. 303-315
    • Bull, J.J.1
  • 7
    • 0028976108 scopus 로고
    • Evolution and extinction in a changing environment: A quantitative-genetic analysis
    • Bürger, R., and M. Lynch. 1995. Evolution and extinction in a changing environment: a quantitative-genetic analysis. Evolution 49:151-163.
    • (1995) Evolution , vol.49 , pp. 151-163
    • Bürger, R.1    Lynch, M.2
  • 8
    • 85039486121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canadian Climate Center. 1999. Model CGCM1. Available via http://www.cccma.bc.ec.gc.ca/models/cgcm1.shtml.
    • (1999) Model CGCM1
  • 9
    • 0000053745 scopus 로고
    • Optimization models, quantitative genetics, and mutation
    • Charlesworth, B. 1990. Optimization models, quantitative genetics, and mutation. Evolution 44:520-538.
    • (1990) Evolution , vol.44 , pp. 520-538
    • Charlesworth, B.1
  • 10
    • 0021744533 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative genetics and developmental constraints on evolution by selection
    • Cheverud, J. M. 1984. Quantitative genetics and developmental constraints on evolution by selection. J. Theor. Biol. 110:155-171.
    • (1984) J. Theor. Biol. , vol.110 , pp. 155-171
    • Cheverud, J.M.1
  • 11
    • 84957411329 scopus 로고
    • The components of genetic variance in populations of biparental progenies and their use in estimating the average degree of dominance
    • Comstock, R. E., and H. F. Robinson. 1948. The components of genetic variance in populations of biparental progenies and their use in estimating the average degree of dominance. Biometrics 4:254-266.
    • (1948) Biometrics , vol.4 , pp. 254-266
    • Comstock, R.E.1    Robinson, H.F.2
  • 12
    • 84970051887 scopus 로고
    • Natural selection on body size in Tribolium: Possible genetic constraints on adaptive evolution
    • Conner, J., and S. Via. 1992. Natural selection on body size in Tribolium: possible genetic constraints on adaptive evolution. Heredity 69:73-83.
    • (1992) Heredity , vol.69 , pp. 73-83
    • Conner, J.1    Via, S.2
  • 13
    • 0037358673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of additive genetic variances and covariances for wild radish floral traits: Comparison between field and greenhouse environments
    • Conner, J. K., R. Franks, and C. Stewart. 2003. Expression of additive genetic variances and covariances for wild radish floral traits: comparison between field and greenhouse environments. Evolution 57:487-495.
    • (2003) Evolution , vol.57 , pp. 487-495
    • Conner, J.K.1    Franks, R.2    Stewart, C.3
  • 14
    • 0035957694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Range shifts and adaptive responses to Quaternary climate change
    • Davis, M. B., and R. G. Shaw. 2001. Range shifts and adaptive responses to Quaternary climate change. Science 292:673-679.
    • (2001) Science , vol.292 , pp. 673-679
    • Davis, M.B.1    Shaw, R.G.2
  • 15
    • 0034511959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Density dependence and population differentiation of genetic architecture in Impatiens capensis in natural environments
    • Donohue, K., E. Hammond Pyle, D. Messiqua, M. Shane Heschel, and J. Schmitt. 2000. Density dependence and population differentiation of genetic architecture in Impatiens capensis in natural environments. Evolution 54:1969-1981.
    • (2000) Evolution , vol.54 , pp. 1969-1981
    • Donohue, K.1    Hammond Pyle, E.2    Messiqua, D.3    Shane Heschel, M.4    Schmitt, J.5
  • 16
    • 0027801602 scopus 로고
    • Genetics of host-cactus response and life-history evolution among ancestral and derived populations of cactophilic Drosophila mojavensis
    • Etges, W. J. 1993. Genetics of host-cactus response and life-history evolution among ancestral and derived populations of cactophilic Drosophila mojavensis. Evolution 47:750-767.
    • (1993) Evolution , vol.47 , pp. 750-767
    • Etges, W.J.1
  • 17
    • 3543133686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary potential of Chamaecrista fasciculata in relation to climate change. I. Clinal patterns of selection along an environmental gradient in the Great Plains
    • Etterson, J. R. 2004. Evolutionary potential of Chamaecrista fasciculata in relation to climate change. I. Clinal patterns of selection along an environmental gradient in the Great Plains. Evolution 58:1446-1458.
    • (2004) Evolution , vol.58 , pp. 1446-1458
    • Etterson, J.R.1
  • 18
    • 0035812764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constraint to adaptive evolution in relation to global warming
    • Etterson, J. R., and R. G. Shaw. 2001. Constraint to adaptive evolution in relation to global warming. Science 294:151-154.
    • (2001) Science , vol.294 , pp. 151-154
    • Etterson, J.R.1    Shaw, R.G.2
  • 19
    • 0000059133 scopus 로고
    • The problem of environment and selection
    • Falconer, D. S. 1952. The problem of environment and selection. Am. Nat. 86:293-298.
    • (1952) Am. Nat. , vol.86 , pp. 293-298
    • Falconer, D.S.1
  • 21
    • 0025956454 scopus 로고
    • Gene flow in Chamaecrista fasciculata Leguminosae. I. Gene dispersal
    • Fenster, C. B. 1991a. Gene flow in Chamaecrista fasciculata Leguminosae. I. Gene dispersal. Evolution 45:398-409.
    • (1991) Evolution , vol.45 , pp. 398-409
    • Fenster, C.B.1
  • 22
    • 0026007267 scopus 로고
    • Gene flow in Chamaecrista fasciculata Leguminosae. II. Gene establishment
    • _. 1991b. Gene flow in Chamaecrista fasciculata Leguminosae. II. Gene establishment. Evolution 45:410-422.
    • (1991) Evolution , vol.45 , pp. 410-422
  • 23
    • 0029158034 scopus 로고
    • Mirror image flowers and their effect on outcrossing rate in Chamaecrista fasciculata (Leguminosae)
    • _. 1995. Mirror image flowers and their effect on outcrossing rate in Chamaecrista fasciculata (Leguminosae). Am. J. Bot. 82:46-50.
    • (1995) Am. J. Bot. , vol.82 , pp. 46-50
  • 25
    • 0000522461 scopus 로고
    • The "general vigor" problem: Can antagonistic pleiotropy be detected when genetic covariances are positive?
    • Fry, J. D. 1993. The "general vigor" problem: Can antagonistic pleiotropy be detected when genetic covariances are positive? Evolution 47:327-333.
    • (1993) Evolution , vol.47 , pp. 327-333
    • Fry, J.D.1
  • 26
    • 0033827671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population differentiation in an annual legume: Local adaptation
    • Galloway, L. F., and C. B. Fenster. 2000. Population differentiation in an annual legume: local adaptation. Evolution 54:1173-1181.
    • (2000) Evolution , vol.54 , pp. 1173-1181
    • Galloway, L.F.1    Fenster, C.B.2
  • 27
    • 84993905114 scopus 로고
    • The genetics of phenotypic plasticity. VI. Theoretical predictions for directional selection
    • Gavrilets, S., and S. M. Scheiner. 1993a. The genetics of phenotypic plasticity. VI. Theoretical predictions for directional selection. J. Evol. Biol. 6:49-68.
    • (1993) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.6 , pp. 49-68
    • Gavrilets, S.1    Scheiner, S.M.2
  • 28
    • 84993915111 scopus 로고
    • The genetics of phenotypic plasticity. V. Evolution of reaction norm shape
    • _. 1993b. The genetics of phenotypic plasticity. V. Evolution of reaction norm shape. J. Evol. Biol. 6:31-48.
    • (1993) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.6 , pp. 31-48
  • 29
    • 0030618392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic models of adaptation and gene flow in peripheral populations
    • García-Ramos, G., and M. Kirkpatrick. 1997. Genetic models of adaptation and gene flow in peripheral populations. Evolution 51:21-28.
    • (1997) Evolution , vol.51 , pp. 21-28
    • García-Ramos, G.1    Kirkpatrick, M.2
  • 30
    • 0024495795 scopus 로고
    • Genotype-environment interactions and the maintenance of polygenic variation
    • Gillespie, J. H., and M. Turelli. 1989. Genotype-environment interactions and the maintenance of polygenic variation. Genetics 121:390-411.
    • (1989) Genetics , vol.121 , pp. 390-411
    • Gillespie, J.H.1    Turelli, M.2
  • 31
    • 0028857613 scopus 로고
    • When does evolution by natural selection prevent extinction?
    • Gomulkiewicz, R., and R. D. Holt. 1995. When does evolution by natural selection prevent extinction? Evolution 49:201-207.
    • (1995) Evolution , vol.49 , pp. 201-207
    • Gomulkiewicz, R.1    Holt, R.D.2
  • 32
    • 0026565814 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative genetics and the evolution of reaction norms
    • Gomulkiewicz, R., and M. Kirkpatrick. 1992. Quantitative genetics and the evolution of reaction norms. Evolution 46:390-411.
    • (1992) Evolution , vol.46 , pp. 390-411
    • Gomulkiewicz, R.1    Kirkpatrick, M.2
  • 33
    • 0022410121 scopus 로고
    • Limits of adaptation: The evolution of selective neutrality
    • Hartl, D. L., D. E. Dykhuizen, and A. M. Dean. 1985. Limits of adaptation: the evolution of selective neutrality. Genetics 111:655-674.
    • (1985) Genetics , vol.111 , pp. 655-674
    • Hartl, D.L.1    Dykhuizen, D.E.2    Dean, A.M.3
  • 34
    • 0000517795 scopus 로고
    • Selection index and expected genetic advance
    • W. D. Hanson and H. F. Robinson, eds. National Academy of Science-National Research Council, Washington, D.C.
    • Henderson, C. R. 1963. Selection index and expected genetic advance. Pp. 141-163 in W. D. Hanson and H. F. Robinson, eds. Statistical genetics and plant breeding. National Academy of Science-National Research Council, Washington, D.C.
    • (1963) Statistical Genetics and Plant Breeding , pp. 141-163
    • Henderson, C.R.1
  • 35
    • 0033104305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heritable variation and evolution under favourable and unfavourable conditions
    • Hoffman, A. A., and J. Merilä. 1999. Heritable variation and evolution under favourable and unfavourable conditions. Trends Ecol. Evol. 14:96-101.
    • (1999) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.14 , pp. 96-101
    • Hoffman, A.A.1    Merilä, J.2
  • 37
    • 0031720623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in the heritability of five morphological traits under combined environmental stresses in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Hoffman, A. A., and M. Schiffer. 1998. Changes in the heritability of five morphological traits under combined environmental stresses in Drosophila melanogaster. Evolution 52:1207-1212.
    • (1998) Evolution , vol.52 , pp. 1207-1212
    • Hoffman, A.A.1    Schiffer, M.2
  • 38
    • 84966158750 scopus 로고
    • The effect of new environments on adapated genetic architecture
    • Holloway, G. J., S. R. Povey, and R. M. Sibly. 1990. The effect of new environments on adapated genetic architecture. Heredity 64:323-330.
    • (1990) Heredity , vol.64 , pp. 323-330
    • Holloway, G.J.1    Povey, S.R.2    Sibly, R.M.3
  • 39
    • 0027069250 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of adaptation in heterogeneous landscapes: Implications for the evolution of fundamental niches
    • Holt, R. D., and M. S. Gaines. 1992. Analysis of adaptation in heterogeneous landscapes: implications for the evolution of fundamental niches. Evol. Ecol. 6:433-447.
    • (1992) Evol. Ecol. , vol.6 , pp. 433-447
    • Holt, R.D.1    Gaines, M.S.2
  • 40
    • 0026016948 scopus 로고
    • Genetic covariance of fitness correlates: What genetic correlations are made of and why it matters
    • Houle, D. 1991. Genetic covariance of fitness correlates: what genetic correlations are made of and why it matters. Evolution 45:630-648.
    • (1991) Evolution , vol.45 , pp. 630-648
    • Houle, D.1
  • 41
    • 0026540999 scopus 로고
    • Comparing evolvablility and variability of quantitative traits
    • _. 1992. Comparing evolvablility and variability of quantitative traits. Genetics 130:195-204.
    • (1992) Genetics , vol.130 , pp. 195-204
  • 42
    • 0000123808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change 2001: The scientific basis
    • Houghton, J. T., Y. Ding, D. J. Griggs, M. Noguer, P. van der Linden, X. Dai, and K. Maskell, eds. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U.K.
    • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2001. Climate change 2001: the scientific basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Asessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Houghton, J. T., Y. Ding, D. J. Griggs, M. Noguer, P. van der Linden, X. Dai, and K. Maskell, eds. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U.K.
    • (2001) Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Asessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
  • 43
    • 3543080371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutational collapse of fitness in marginal habitats and the evolution of ecological niches
    • Kawecki, T. J., N. B. Barton, and J. D. Fry. 1997. Mutational collapse of fitness in marginal habitats and the evolution of ecological niches, Evol. Ecol. 9:38-44.
    • (1997) Evol. Ecol. , vol.9 , pp. 38-44
    • Kawecki, T.J.1    Barton, N.B.2    Fry, J.D.3
  • 44
    • 0008107175 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative genetics of size and phenology of life-history traits in Chamaecrista fasciculata
    • Kelly, C. A. 1993. Quantitative genetics of size and phenology of life-history traits in Chamaecrista fasciculata. Evolution 47: 88-97.
    • (1993) Evolution , vol.47 , pp. 88-97
    • Kelly, C.A.1
  • 45
    • 0030880907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of a species' range
    • Kirkpatrick, M. and N. H. Barton. 1997. Evolution of a species' range. Am. Nat. 50:1-23.
    • (1997) Am. Nat. , vol.50 , pp. 1-23
    • Kirkpatrick, M.1    Barton, N.H.2
  • 46
    • 0001288442 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative genetic analysis of multivariate evolution, applied to brain:body size allometry
    • Lande, R. 1979. Quantitative genetic analysis of multivariate evolution, applied to brain:body size allometry. Evolution 33:402-416.
    • (1979) Evolution , vol.33 , pp. 402-416
    • Lande, R.1
  • 47
    • 0020431423 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of fruit and seed production in an annual legume, Cassia fasciculata
    • Lee, T. D., and F. A. Bazzaz. 1982. Regulation of fruit and seed production in an annual legume, Cassia fasciculata. Ecology 63:1363-1373.
    • (1982) Ecology , vol.63 , pp. 1363-1373
    • Lee, T.D.1    Bazzaz, F.A.2
  • 48
    • 0036532087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene flow and the limits to natural selection
    • Lenormand, T. 2002. Gene flow and the limits to natural selection. Trends Ecol. Evol. 17:183-189.
    • (2002) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.17 , pp. 183-189
    • Lenormand, T.1
  • 49
    • 0000941572 scopus 로고
    • Evolution and extinction in response to environmental change
    • in P. M. Kareiva, J. G. Kingsolver and R. B. Huey, eds. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA
    • Lynch, M., and R. Lande. 1993. Evolution and extinction in response to environmental change. Pp. 234-250 in P. M. Kareiva, J. G. Kingsolver and R. B. Huey, eds. Biotic interactions and global change. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.
    • (1993) Biotic Interactions and Global Change , pp. 234-250
    • Lynch, M.1    Lande, R.2
  • 51
    • 0026380703 scopus 로고
    • Adaptive and demographic responses of plankton populations to environmental change
    • Lynch, M., W. Gabriel, and A. M. Wood. 1991. Adaptive and demographic responses of plankton populations to environmental change. Limnol. Oceanogr. 36:1301-1312.
    • (1991) Limnol. Oceanogr. , vol.36 , pp. 1301-1312
    • Lynch, M.1    Gabriel, W.2    Wood, A.M.3
  • 53
    • 0026279453 scopus 로고
    • Constancy of population parameters for life-history and floral traits in Raphanus sativus L. II. Effects of planting density on phenotype and heritability estimates
    • Mazer, S. J., and C. T. Schick. 1991. Constancy of population parameters for life-history and floral traits in Raphanus sativus L. II. Effects of planting density on phenotype and heritability estimates. Evolution 45:1888-1907.
    • (1991) Evolution , vol.45 , pp. 1888-1907
    • Mazer, S.J.1    Schick, C.T.2
  • 55
    • 0001461685 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative genetics in natural plant populations: A review of theory
    • Mitchell-Olds, T., and J. J. Rutledge. 1986. Quantitative genetics in natural plant populations: a review of theory. Am. Nat. 127:379-402.
    • (1986) Am. Nat. , vol.127 , pp. 379-402
    • Mitchell-Olds, T.1    Rutledge, J.J.2
  • 56
    • 0006919926 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations
    • Nei, M. 1973. Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 70:3321-3323.
    • (1973) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , vol.70 , pp. 3321-3323
    • Nei, M.1
  • 57
    • 0029840314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative genetics of the wing color pattern in the buckeye butterfly (Precis coenia and Precis evarete): Evidence against the constancy of G
    • Paulsen, S. M. 1996. Quantitative genetics of the wing color pattern in the buckeye butterfly (Precis coenia and Precis evarete): evidence against the constancy of G. Evolution 50:1585-1597.
    • (1996) Evolution , vol.50 , pp. 1585-1597
    • Paulsen, S.M.1
  • 58
    • 0024932336 scopus 로고
    • A model of population growth, dispersal and evolution in a changing environment
    • Pease, C. M., R. Lande, and J. J. Bull. 1989. A model of population growth, dispersal and evolution in a changing environment. Ecology 70:1657-1664.
    • (1989) Ecology , vol.70 , pp. 1657-1664
    • Pease, C.M.1    Lande, R.2    Bull, J.J.3
  • 59
    • 0031409754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population structure of morphological traits in Clarkia dudleyana. II. Constancy of within-population genetic variance
    • Podolsky, R. H., R. G. Shaw, and F. H. Shaw. 1997. Population structure of morphological traits in Clarkia dudleyana. II. Constancy of within-population genetic variance. Evolution 51:1785-1796.
    • (1997) Evolution , vol.51 , pp. 1785-1796
    • Podolsky, R.H.1    Shaw, R.G.2    Shaw, F.H.3
  • 60
    • 0014830535 scopus 로고
    • Selection and covariance
    • Price, G. R. 1970. Selection and covariance. Nature 227:520-521.
    • (1970) Nature , vol.227 , pp. 520-521
    • Price, G.R.1
  • 61
    • 0015330403 scopus 로고
    • Extension of covariance selection mathematics
    • _. 1972. Extension of covariance selection mathematics. Ann. Hum. Genet. 35:485-490.
    • (1972) Ann. Hum. Genet. , vol.35 , pp. 485-490
  • 62
    • 0026540044 scopus 로고
    • The measurement of selection on quantitative traits: Biases due to environmental covariances between traits and fitness
    • Rausher, M. D. 1992. The measurement of selection on quantitative traits: biases due to environmental covariances between traits and fitness. Evolution 46:616-626.
    • (1992) Evolution , vol.46 , pp. 616-626
    • Rausher, M.D.1
  • 63
    • 84973968271 scopus 로고
    • A mathmatical model of the culling process in dairy cattle
    • Robertson, A. 1968. A mathmatical model of the culling process in dairy cattle. Anim. Prod. 8:95-108.
    • (1968) Anim. Prod. , vol.8 , pp. 95-108
    • Robertson, A.1
  • 64
    • 0032967207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does natural selection alter genetic architecture? An evaluation of quantitative genetic variation among populations of Allonemobius socius and A. fasciatus
    • Roff, D. A., and T. A. Mousseau. 1999. Does natural selection alter genetic architecture? An evaluation of quantitative genetic variation among populations of Allonemobius socius and A. fasciatus. J. Evol. Biol. 12:361-369.
    • (1999) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.12 , pp. 361-369
    • Roff, D.A.1    Mousseau, T.A.2
  • 66
    • 0029189344 scopus 로고
    • Changes in the genetic variances and covariances: G whiz!
    • Shaw, F. H., R. G. Shaw, G. S. Wilkinson, and M. Turelli. 1995. Changes in the genetic variances and covariances: G whiz! Evolution 49:1260-1267.
    • (1995) Evolution , vol.49 , pp. 1260-1267
    • Shaw, F.H.1    Shaw, R.G.2    Wilkinson, G.S.3    Turelli, M.4
  • 67
    • 0023511136 scopus 로고
    • Maximum likelihood approaches applied to quantitative genetics of natural populations
    • Shaw, R.G. 1987. Maximum likelihood approaches applied to quantitative genetics of natural populations. Evolution 41:812-826.
    • (1987) Evolution , vol.41 , pp. 812-826
    • Shaw, R.G.1
  • 69
    • 0028872553 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative genetics of response to competitors in Nemophila menziesii: A field experiment
    • Shaw, R. G., G. A. J. Platenkamp, F. H. Shaw, and R. H. Podolsky. 1995. Quantitative genetics of response to competitors in Nemophila menziesii: a field experiment. Genetics 139:397-406.
    • (1995) Genetics , vol.139 , pp. 397-406
    • Shaw, R.G.1    Platenkamp, G.A.J.2    Shaw, F.H.3    Podolsky, R.H.4
  • 71
    • 0001533609 scopus 로고
    • Intrafloral behavior of bees on flowers of Cassia fasiculata
    • Thorp, R. W., and J. R. Estes. 1975. Intrafloral behavior of bees on flowers of Cassia fasiculata. J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 48:175-184.
    • (1975) J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. , vol.48 , pp. 175-184
    • Thorp, R.W.1    Estes, J.R.2
  • 72
    • 0000960543 scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic evolution, constant covariances, and the maintenance of additive variance
    • Turelli, M. 1988. Phenotypic evolution, constant covariances, and the maintenance of additive variance. Evolution 42:1342-1348.
    • (1988) Evolution , vol.42 , pp. 1342-1348
    • Turelli, M.1
  • 73
    • 9944231291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Union of Concerned Scientists and the Ecological Society of America (USC-ESA). 2003. Confronting climate change in the Great Lakes region. Available via http://www.ucsusa.org/global_environment/ global_warming/page.cfm?page1D= 1156.
    • (2003) Confronting Climate Change in the Great Lakes Region
  • 74
    • 0026302627 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of generalists and specialists in spatially heterogeneous environments
    • Van Tienderen, P. H. 1991. Evolution of generalists and specialists in spatially heterogeneous environments. Evolution 45:1317-1331.
    • (1991) Evolution , vol.45 , pp. 1317-1331
    • Van Tienderen, P.H.1
  • 75
    • 0022189933 scopus 로고
    • Genotype-environment interaction and the evolution of phenotypic plasticity
    • Via, S., and R. Lande. 1985. Genotype-environment interaction and the evolution of phenotypic plasticity. Evolution 39:505-522.
    • (1985) Evolution , vol.39 , pp. 505-522
    • Via, S.1    Lande, R.2
  • 76
    • 0027843026 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative genetics of life-history and morphology in a rare plant, Senecio integrifolius
    • Widén, B., and S. Andersson. 1993. Quantitative genetics of life-history and morphology in a rare plant, Senecio integrifolius. Heredity 70:503-514.
    • (1993) Heredity , vol.70 , pp. 503-514
    • Widén, B.1    Andersson, S.2
  • 77
    • 0001771498 scopus 로고
    • Evolution in Mendelian populations
    • Wright, S. 1931. Evolution in Mendelian populations. Genetics 16:97-159.
    • (1931) Genetics , vol.16 , pp. 97-159
    • Wright, S.1
  • 78
    • 0028110653 scopus 로고
    • Temporal and spatial variation in heritability and genetic correlations among floral traits in Raphanus sativus, wild radish
    • Young, H. J., M. L. Stanton, N. C. Ellstrand, and J. M. Clegg. 1994. Temporal and spatial variation in heritability and genetic correlations among floral traits in Raphanus sativus, wild radish. Heredity 73:298-308.
    • (1994) Heredity , vol.73 , pp. 298-308
    • Young, H.J.1    Stanton, M.L.2    Ellstrand, N.C.3    Clegg, J.M.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.