Fish oil in combination with high or low intakes of linoleic acid lowers plasma triacylglycerols but does not affect other cardiovascular risk markers in healthy men

Journal of Nutrition

Volumn 138, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 1061-1066

  Damsgaard, Camilla T ^a   Frøkiær, Hanne ^b   Andersen, Anders D ^a   Lauritzen, Lotte ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

^b TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK   (Denmark)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADIPONECTIN; BIO MARINE; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; CD40 LIGAND; FIBRINOGEN; FISH OIL; GLUCOSE; INSULIN; INTERLEUKIN 6; LINOLEIC ACID; MONOCYTE CHEMOTACTIC PROTEIN 1; OLIVE OIL; OXIDIZED LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; PADGEM PROTEIN; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; VASCULAR CELL ADHESION MOLECULE 1;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT; BODY WEIGHT; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIETARY INTAKE; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; DRUG EFFECT; HEART RATE; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; MALE; POSTPRANDIAL STATE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; TRIACYLGLYCEROL BLOOD LEVEL;

EID: 44449086438     PISSN: 00223166     EISSN: 15416100     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jn/138.6.1061     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. WHO. The prevention of coronary heart disease. Geneva: WHO; 1982. Report No.: 678.
2. Kris-Etherton PM, Taylor DS, Yu-Poth S, Huth P, Moriarty K, Fishell V, Hargrove RL, Zhao G, Etherton TD. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the food chain in the United States. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71:S179-88.
3. Kris-Etherton PM, Hecker KD, Binkoski AE. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and cardiovascular health. Nutr Rev. 2004;62:414-26.
4. De Lorgeril M, Salen P. Cholesterol lowering and mortality: time for a new paradigm? Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2006;16:387-90.
5. Harris WS. n-3 fatty acids and serum lipoproteins: human studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997;65:S1645-1654.
6. Geleijnse JM, Giltay EJ, Grobbee DE, Donders AR, Kok FJ. Blood pressure response to fish oil supplementation: metaregression analysis of randomized trials. J Hypertens. 2002;20:1493-9.
7. Mozaffarian D, Geelen A, Brouwer IA, Geleijnse JM, Zock PL, Katan MB. Effect of fish oil on heart rate in humans: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Circulation. 2005;112:1945-52.
8. Bucher HC, Hengstler P, Schindler C, Meier G. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Med. 2002;112:298-304.
9. Mozaffarian D, Rimm EB. Fish intake, contaminants, and human health: evaluating the risks and the benefits. JAMA. 2006;296:1885-99.
10. Lauritzen L, Hansen HS, Jorgensen MH, Michaelsen KF. The essentiality of long chain n-3 fatty acids in relation to development and function of the brain and retina. Prog Lipid Res. 2001;40:1-94.
11. Hibbeln JR, Nieminen LR, Blasbalg TL, Riggs JA, Lands WE. Healthy intakes of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids: estimations considering worldwide diversity. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83:S1483-93.
12. Dubnov G, Berry EM. Omega-6 fatty acids and coronary artery disease: the pros and cons. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2004;6:441-6.
13. Hansson GK. Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:1685-95.
14. Danesh J, Whincup P, Walker M, Lennon L, Thomson A, Appleby P, Gallimore JR, Pepys MB. Low grade inflammation and coronary heart disease: prospective study and updated meta-analyses. BMJ. 2000;321:199-204.
15. Ridker PM, Rifai N, Stampfer MJ, Hennekens CH. Plasma concentration of interleukin-6 and the risk of future myocardial infarction among apparently healthy men. Circulation. 2000;101:1767-72.
16. St-Pierre AC, Cantin B, Bergeron J, Pirro M, Dagenais GR, Despres JP, Lamarche B. Inflammatory markers and long-term risk of ischemic heart disease in men: a 13-year follow-up of the Quebec Cardiovascular Study. Atherosclerosis. 2005;182:315-21.
17. Novo S, Basili S, Tantillo R, Falco A, Davi V, Novo G, Corrado E, Davi G. Soluble CD40L and cardiovascular risk in asymptomatic low-grade carotid stenosis. Stroke. 2005;36:673-5.
18. Malik I, Danesh J, Whincup P, Bhatia V, Papacosta O, Walker M, Lennon L, Thomson A, Haskard D. Soluble adhesion molecules and prediction of coronary heart disease: a prospective study and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2001;358:971-6.
19. De Caterina R, Madonna R, Massaro M. Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on cytokines and adhesion molecules. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2004;6:485-91.
20. Henn V, Slupsky JR, Grafe M, Anagnostopoulos I, Forster R, Muller-Berghaus G, Kroczek RA. CD40 ligand on activated platelets triggers an inflammatory reaction of endothelial cells. Nature. 1998;391:591-4.
21. Hoogeveen RC, Morrison A, Boerwinkle E, Miles JS, Rhodes CE, Sharrett AR, Ballantyne CM. Plasma MCP-1 level and risk for peripheral arterial disease and incident coronary heart disease: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Atherosclerosis. 2005;183:301-7.
22. Pischon T, Girman CJ, Hotamisligil GS, Rifai N, Hu FB, Rimm EB. Plasma adiponectin levels and risk of myocardial infarction in men. JAMA. 2004;291:1730-7.
23. Damsgaard CT, Frokiaer H, Lauritzen L. The effects of fish oil and high or low linoleic acid intake on fatty acid composition of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Br J Nutr. 2008;99:147-54.
24. Gibney MJ, Hunter B. The effects of short- and long-term supplementation with fish oil on the incorporation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids into cells of the immune system in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1993;47:255-9.
25. Clyne B, Olshaker JS. The C-reactive protein. J Emerg Med. 1999;17:1019-25.
26. Folch J, Lees M, Sloane Stanley GH. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues. J Biol Chem. 1957;226:497-509.
27. Hrebicek J, Janout V, Malincikova J, Horakova D, Cizek L. Detection of insulin resistance by simple quantitative insulin sensitivity check index QUICKI for epidemiological assessment and prevention. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87:144-7.
28. Davidson MH. Mechanisms for the hypotriglyceridemic effect of marine omega-3 fatty acids. Am J Cardiol. 2006;98:27i-33i.
29. Balk EM, Lichtenstein AH, Chung M, Kupelnick B, Chew P, Lau J. Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on serum markers of cardiovascular disease risk: a systematic review. Atherosclerosis. 2006;189:19-30.
30. Kris-Etherton PM, Yu S. Individual fatty acid effects on plasma lipids and lipoproteins: human studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997;65:S1628-44.
31. Brady LM, Lovegrove SS, Lesauvage SV, Gower BA, Minihane AM, Williams CM, Lovegrove JA. Increased n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids do not attenuate the effects of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on insulin sensitivity or triacylglycerol reduction in Indian Asians. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;79:983-91.
32. Liou YA, King DJ, Zibrik D, Innis SM. Decreasing linoleic acid with constant alpha-linolenic acid in dietary fats increases (n-3) eicosapentaenoic acid in plasma phospholipids in healthy men. J Nutr. 2007;137:945-52.
33. Morris MC, Sacks F, Rosner B. Does fish oil lower blood pressure? A meta-analysis of controlled trials. Circulation. 1993;88:523-33.
34. Dyerberg J, Eskesen DC, Andersen PW, Astrup A, Buemann B, Christensen JH, Clausen P, Rasmussen BF, Schmidt EB, et al. Effects of trans- and n-3 unsaturated fatty acids on cardiovascular risk markers in healthy males. An 8 weeks dietary intervention study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004;58:1062-70.
35. Marckmann P, Bladbjerg EM, Jespersen J. Dietary fish oil (4 g daily) and cardiovascular risk markers in healthy men. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997;17:3384-91.
36. Giacco R, Cuomo V, Vessby B, Uusitupa M, Hermansen K, Meyer BJ, Riccardi G, Rivellese AA. Fish oil, insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in healthy people: is there any effect of fish oil supplementation in relation to the type of background diet and habitual dietary intake of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids? Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2007;17:572-80.
37. Sundrarjun T, Komindr S, Archararit N, Dahlan W, Puchaiwatananon O, Angthararak S, Udomsuppayakul U, Chuncharunee S. Effects of n-3 fatty acids on serum interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor p55 in active rheumatoid arthritis. J Int Med Res. 2004;32:443-54.
38. Madsen T, Christensen JH, Blom M, Schmidt EB. The effect of dietary n-3 fatty acids on serum concentrations of C-reactive protein: a doseresponse study. Br J Nutr. 2003;89:517-22.
39. Geelen A, Brouwer IA, Schouten EG, Kluft C, Katan MB, Zock PL. Intake of n-3 fatty acids from fish does not lower serum concentrations of C-reactive protein in healthy subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004;58:1440-2.
40. Chan DC, Watts GF, Barrett PH, Beilin LJ, Mori TA. Effect of atorvastatin and fish oil on plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations in individuals with visceral obesity. Clin Chem. 2002;48:877-83.
41. Ciubotaru I, Lee YS, Wander RC. Dietary fish oil decreases C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and triacylglycerol to HDL-cholesterol ratio in postmenopausal women on HRT. J Nutr Biochem. 2003;14:513-21.
42. Miles EA, Thies F, Wallace FA, Powell JR, Hurst TL, Newsholme EA, Calder PC. Influence of age and dietary fish oil on plasma soluble adhesion molecule concentrations. Clin Sci (Lond). 2001;100:91-100.
43. Thies F, Miles EA, Nebe-von-Caron G, Powell JR, Hurst TL, Newsholme EA, Calder PC. Influence of dietary supplementation with long-chain n-3 or n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on blood inflammatory cell populations and functions and on plasma soluble adhesion molecules in healthy adults. Lipids. 2001;36:1183-93.
44. Eschen O, Christensen JH, De CR, Schmidt EB. Soluble adhesion molecules in healthy subjects: a dose-response study using n-3 fatty acids. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2004;14:180-5.
45. Baro L, Fonolla J, Pena JL, Martinez-Ferez A, Lucena A, Jimenez J, Boza JJ, Lopez-Huertas E. n-3 Fatty acids plus oleic acid and vitamin supplemented milk consumption reduces total and LDL cholesterol, homocysteine and levels of endothelial adhesion molecules in healthy humans. Clin Nutr. 2003;22:175-82.
46. Berstad P, Seljeflot I, Veierod MB, Hjerkinn EM, Arnesen H, Pedersen JI. Supplementation with fish oil affects the association between very long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in serum non-esterified fatty acids and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Clin Sci (Lond). 2003;105:13-20.
47. Suzukawa M, Abbey M, Howe PR, Nestel PJ. Effects of fish oil fatty acids on low density lipoprotein size, oxidizability, and uptake by macrophages. J Lipid Res. 1995;36:473-84.
48. Aarsetoy H, Brugger-Andersen T, Hetland O, Grundt H, Nilsen DW. Long term influence of regular intake of high dose n-3 fatty acids on CD40-ligand, pregnancy-associated plasma protein A and matrix metalloproteinase-9 following acute myocardial infarction. Thromb Haemost. 2006;95:329-36.
49. Vanschoonbeek K, de Maat MP, Heemskerk JW. Fish oil consumption and reduction of arterial disease. J Nutr. 2003;133:657-60.
50. Agren JJ, Vaisanen S, Hanninen O, Muller AD, Hornstra G. Hemostatic factors and platelet aggregation after a fish-enriched diet or fish oil or docosahexaenoic acid supplementation. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 1997;57:419-21.
51. Woodman RJ, Mori TA, Burke V, Puddey IB, Barden A, Watts GF, Beilin LJ. Effects of purified eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on platelet, fibrinolytic and vascular function in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients. Atherosclerosis. 2003;166:85-93.
52. Itoh M, Suganami T, Satoh N, Tanimoto-Koyama K, Yuan X, Tanaka M, Kawano H, Yano T, Aoe S, et al. Increased adiponectin secretion by highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid in rodent models of obesity and human obese subjects. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:1918-25.
53. Guebre-Egziabher F, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Bonnet F, Bastard JP, Desage M, Skilton MR, Vidal H, Laville M. Nutritional intervention to reduce the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio increases adiponectin concentration and fatty acid oxidation in healthy subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr; 2007 Aug 15 (E-pub ahead of print).
54. Beauchamp GK, Keast RS, Morel D, Lin J, Pika J, Han Q, Lee CH, Smith AB, Breslin PA. Phytochemistry: ibuprofen-like activity in extra-virgin olive oil. Nature. 2005;437:45-6.