The syndrome of group-focused enmity: The interrelation of prejudices tested with multiple cross-sectional and panel data

Journal of Social Issues

Volumn 64, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 363-383

  Zick, Andreas ^a   Wolf, Carina ^b   Küpper, Beate ^a   Davidov, Eldad ^c   Schmidt, Peter ^d   Heitmeyer, Wilhelm ^a  

^a BIELEFELD UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^b PHILIPPS UNIVERSITY MARBURG   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF COLOGNE   (Germany)

^d JUSTUS LIEBIG UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS; ETHNIC CONFLICT; IDEOLOGY; MODELING; PROBABILITY;

EID: 44249124221     PISSN: 00224537     EISSN: 15404560     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.2008.00566.x     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Adorno, T. W., Frenkel-Brunswik, E., Levinson, D. J., & Sanford, R. N. (1950). The authoritarian personality. New York: Harper & Row.
2. Agnew, C. R., Thompson, V. D., & Gaines, S. O. Jr. (2000). Incorporating proximal and distal influences on prejudice: Testing a general model across outgroups. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26 (40), 403-418.
3. Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Books.
4. Altemeyer, B. (1981). Right-wing authoritarianism. Winnipeq, Canada: University of Manitoba Press.
5. Backstrom, M., & Bjorklund, F. (2007). Structural modeling of generalized prejudice: The role of social dominance, authoritarianism, and empathy. Journal of Individual Differences, 28, 10-17.
6. Bierly, M. M. (1985). Prejudice toward contemporary outgroups as a generalized attitude. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 15, 189-199.
7. Blumer, H. (1958). Race prejudice as a sense of group position. Pacific Sociological Review, 1, 3-7.
8. Bratt, C. (2005). The structure of attitudes toward non-western immigrant groups: Second-order factor analysis of attitudes among Norwegian adolescents. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 8, 447-469.
9. Brewer, M. B. (1999). The psychology of prejudice: Ingroup love and outgroup hate? Journal of Social Issues, 55, 429-444.
10. Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 9, 233-255.
11. Crandall, C. S., & Eshleman, A. (2003). A justification-suppression model of the expression and experience of prejudice. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 414-446.
12. Davidov, E., Schmidt, P., Wolf, C., & Heitmeyer, W. (in press). Level, change and social-structural determinants of group-focused enmity in Germany. International Journal of Conflict and Violence.
13. Dovidio, J. F., Brigham, J. C., Johnson, B. T., & Gaertner, S. L. (1996). Stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination: Another look. In C. N. Macrae, C. Stangor, & M. Hewstone (Eds.), Stereotypes and stereotyping (pp. 276-322). New York: Guilford.
14. Duckitt, J. (2001). A dual-process cognitive-motivational theory on ideology and prejudice. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 33, 41-113.
15. Ekehammar, B., Akrami, N., Gylje, M., & Zakrisson, I. (2004). What matters most to prejudice: Big five personality, social dominance orientation, or right-wing authoritarianism? European Journal of Personality, 18, 463-482.
16. Elias, N., & Scotson, J. L. (1965). The established and the outsiders: A sociological enquiry into community problems. London: Cass.
17. Guimond, S., Dambrun, M., Michinov, N., & Duarte, S. (2003). Does social dominance generate prejudice? Integrating individual and contextual determinants of intergroup cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 697-721.
18. Heitmeyer, W. (2002). Gruppenbezogene Menschenfeindlichkeit. Die theoretische Konzeption und erste empirische Ergebnisse [Group-focused enmity. Theoretical conception and first empirical results]. In W. Heitmeyer (Ed.), Deutsche Zustände, Folge 1 Vol. 1, (pp. 15-36). Frankfurt: Suhrkamp.
19. Heyder, A., & Schmidt, P. (2003). Authoritarianism and ethnocentrism in East- and West-Germany-does the system matter? In R. Alba, P. Schmidt, & M. Wasmer (Eds.), Germans or foreigners? Attitudes toward ethnic minorities in post-reunification Germany (pp. 187-210). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
20. Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1977). Statistical models and methods for analysis of longitudinal data. In D. J. Aigner, & A. S. Goldberger (Eds.), Latent variables in socioeconomic research (pp. 303-351). New York: Academic Press.
21. Jost, J. T., & Burgess, D. (2000). Attitudinal ambivalence and the conflict between group and system justification motives in low status groups. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 293-305.
22. Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6, 1-55.
23. Marsh, H. W., Hau, K. T., & Wen, Z. (2004). In search of golden rules: Comment on hypothesis-testing approaches to setting cutoff values for fit indexes and dangers in overgeneralizing. Hu and Bentler's (1999) findings. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 11, 320-341.
24. Meloen, J. (1993). The F scale as a predictor of fascism: An overview of 40 years of authoritarianism research. In W. F. Stone, G. Lederer, & R. Christie (Eds.), Strength and weakness. The authoritarian personality today (pp. 47-69). New York: Springer-Verlag.
25. Meredith, W. (1993). Measurement invariance, factor analyses and factorial invariance. Psychometrika, 58, 525-543.
26. Pettigrew, T. F., Christ, O., Wagner, U., Meertens, R. W., van Dick, R., & Zick, A. (2008). Relative deprivation and intergroup prejudice. Journal of Social Issues, 64 (2), 385-401.
27. Runciman, W. A. (1966). Relative deprivation and social justice. Berkeley: University of California Press.
28. Schafer, J. L., & Graham, J. W. (2002). Missing data: Our view of the state of the art. Psychological Methods, 7, 147-177.
29. Schuetz, H., & Six, B. (1996). How strong is the relationship between prejudice and discrimination? A meta-analytic answer. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 20, 441-462.
30. Sidanius, J., & Pratto, F. (1999). Social dominance: An intergroup theory of social hierarchy and oppression. New York: Cambridge University Press.
31. Sidanius, J., Pratto, F., & Levin, S. (1996). Consensual social dominance orientation and its correlates within the hierarchical structure of American Society. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 20, 385-408.
32. Smith, A. W. (1981). Racial tolerance as a function of group position. American Sociological Review, 46, 558-573.
33. Stangor, C., Sullivan, L. A., & Ford, T. E. (1991). Affective and cognitive determinants of prejudice. Social Cognition, 9, 359-380.
34. Wagner, U., van Dick, R., & Zick, A. (2001). Sozialpsychologische Analysen und Erklärungen der Fremdenfeindlichkeit in Deutschland [Social psychological analyses and explanations of hostility toward strangers in Germany]. Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie, 32, 59-79.
35. Wagner, U., Christ, O., & Pettigrew, T. F. (2008). Prejudice and group-related behavior in Germany. Journal of Social Issues, 64 (2), 403-416.
36. Weigel, R. H., & Howes, P. W. (1985). Conceptions of racial prejudice: Symbolic racism reconsidered. Journal of Social Issues, 41, 117-138.
37. Weinberger, L. E., & Millham, J. (1979). Attitudinal homophobia and support of traditional sex roles. Journal of Homosexuality, 4, 237-246.
38. Whitley, B. E. Jr. (1999). Right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, and prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 126-134.
39. Young-Bruehl, E. (1996). The anatomy of prejudice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
40. Zaller, J. R. (1995). The nature and origins of mass opinion. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
41. Zick, A., & Küpper, B. (2005). Transformed anti-Semitism? A report on anti-Semitism in Germany. Journal für Konflikt- und Gewaltforschung, 7, 50-92.