Calculating human exposure to endocrine disrupting pesticides via agricultural and non-agricultural exposure routes

Science of the Total Environment

Volumn 398, Issue 1-3, 2008, Pages 1-12

  McKinlay, R ^a   Plant, J A ^a   Bell, J N B ^a   Voulvoulis, N ^a  

^a IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

EDCs; Endocrine disruptors; Modelling; Pesticides; Probabilistic; Risk management

Indexed keywords

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; METABOLITES; PROBABILITY; RISK MANAGEMENT;

ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICALS (EDC); ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS; PROBABILISTIC MODELS;

PESTICIDES;

ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR; PESTICIDE;

AGRICULTURE; DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR; ESTIMATION METHOD; MODELING; PESTICIDE; POLLUTION EXPOSURE; RISK ASSESSMENT; SPRAY;

AGRICULTURE; CALCULATION; EPIGENETICS; EXPERIMENTAL MODEL; EXPOSURE; HUMAN; LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS; NONHUMAN; PESTICIDE RESISTANCE; PESTICIDE SPRAYING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROBABILITY; REVIEW; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; UNITED KINGDOM;

AGRICULTURE; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; HUMANS; MODELS, THEORETICAL; PESTICIDES;

EURASIA; EUROPE; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED KINGDOM; UNITED STATES; WESTERN EUROPE;

EID: 43849083096     PISSN: 00489697     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.02.056     Document Type: Review

References (100)

1. Adamska M., Arand M., Zarn J.A., Patten C., Volkel W., Lutz W.K., et al. Comparison of lanosterol-14a-demethylase (CYP51) of human and Candida albicans for inhibition by different antifungal azoles. Toxicology 228 (2006) 24-32
2. Andersen H.R., Cook S.J., and Waldbillig D. Effects of currently used pesticides in assays for estrogenicity, androgenicity, and aromatase activity in vitro. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 179 (2002) 1-12
3. Arya N. Pesticides and human health: why public health officials should support a ban on non-essential residential use. Can J Public Health 96 (2005) 89-92
4. Atuma S., Aune M., Bjerselius R., Glynn A., Grawe K.P., Becker W., et al. Dietary intake estimations of organohalogen contaminants (dioxins, PCB, PBDE and chlorinated pesticides, e.g. DDT) based on Swedish market basket data. Food Chem Toxicol 44 (2006) 1597-1606
5. Berger-Preiß E., Kock W., Behnke W., Gerling S., Koch H., Elflein L., et al. In-flight spraying in aircrafts: determination of the exposure scenario. Int J Hyg Environ Health 207 (2004) 419-430
6. Berger-Preiß E., Kock H., Appel K.E., Klasen J., Koch W., and Gerling S. Aircraft disinsection: exposure assessment and evaluation of a new pre-embarkation method. Int J Hyg Environ Health 209 (2006) 41-56
7. Blanchard O., Momas I., Seta N., and Bouvier G. Environmental and biological monitoring of exposure to organophosphorus pesticides: application to occupationally and non-occupationally exposed adult populations. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 16 (2006) 417-426
8. Bouvier G., Blanchard O., Momas I., and Seta N. Environmental and biological monitoring of exposure to organophosphorus pesticides: application to occupationally and non-occupationally exposed adult populations. J Expos Sci Environ Epidemiol 16 (2006) 417-426
9. Bro R.F. Contamination by persistent chemicals in food chain and human health. Sci Total Environ 188 (1996) S45-S60
10. Charron A.R., Brand R.E., and Brand R.M. Decreasing malathion application time for lice treatment reduces transdermal absorption. Int J Pharm. 301 (2005) 48-53
11. Cheek A.N., Kow K., Chen J., and McLachlan J.A. Potential mechanisms of thyroid disruption in humans: interaction of organochlorine compounds with thyroid receptor, transthyretin, and thyroid-binding globulin. Environ Health Perspect 107 (1999) 273-278
12. Claudia P., Nagyb L., Pelleritoa L., and Szorcsik A. Biological activity studies on organotin(IV) complexes and parent compounds. J Organomet Chem 691 (2006) 1733
13. Colborn T., vom Saal F.S., and Soto A.M. Developmental effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in wildlife and humans. Environ Health Persp 101 (1993) 378-384
14. CREDO. The Prague declaration on endocrine disruption. Environ Sci Pollut Res 4 (2005) 188
15. Crews D., and McLachlan J.A. Epigenetics, evolution, endocrine disruption, health, and disease. Endocrinology 147 (2006) S4-S10
16. Curl C.L., Fenske R.A., and Elgethun K. Organophosphorus pesticide exposure of urban and suburban preschool children with organic and conventional diets. Environ Health Perspect 111 (2003) 377-382
17. Dawson A., and Garthwaite D. Rodenticide usage by local authorities in Great Britain. National Statistics, Pesticide Usage Survey Group (2001) 46
18. De Jong F.M., and De Snoo G.R. Pesticide residues in human food and wildlife in The Netherlands. Mededelingen 66 (2001) 815-822
19. DEFRA. Addressing uncertainty in pesticide exposure modelling. Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (2004) 27
20. DEFRA. Rural Strategy 2004. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (2004). http://www.defra.gov.uk/rural/pdfs/strategy/rural_strategy_2004.pdf http://www.defra.gov.uk/rural/pdfs/strategy/rural_strategy_2004.pdf. Feb 2008.
21. Dejonkheere W., Steurbaut W., Drieghe S., Verstraeten R., and Braeckman H. Pesticide residue concentrations in the Belgian total diet, 1991-1993. J AOAC Int 79 (1996) 520-528
22. Delmaar J.E., Park M.V.D.Z., and van Engelen J.G.M. ConsExpo 4.0 Consumer exposure and uptake models program manual centre for substances and integrated risk assessment (2008) 72
23. Derner M., Runnebaum B., and Gerhard I. Prolonged exposure to wood preservatives induces endocrine and immunologic disorders in women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 165 (1991) 487-488
24. Dubus I.G., Brown C.D., and Beulke S. Sources of uncertainty in pesticide fate modelling. Sci Total Environ 317 (2003) 53-72
25. Durango. Calendex™ overview. Durango Software (2008) (2008). http://www.durango-software.com/software/calendex.html http://www.durango-software.com/software/calendex.html. Feb 2008.
26. EEC. European workshop on the impact of endocrine disrupters on human health and wildlife (1996), European Economic Community. http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/endocrine/documents/reports_conclusions_en.htm http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/endocrine/documents/reports_conclusions_en.htm. Nov 2007.
27. EPA. Overview of the fundamentals of Version 1.0 of LifeLine Software for modeling aggregate and cumulative exposures to pesticides (2000), United States Environmental Protection Agency. http://www.epa.gov/oscpmont/sap/meetings/2000/september/final_fundamentals.pdf http://www.epa.gov/oscpmont/sap/meetings/2000/september/final_fundamentals.pdf. Dec 2007.
28. EPA. Piperonyl butoxide, technical factsheet. National Pesticide Information Centre (2000), US Environmental Protection Agency 6
29. EPA. User's manual: swimmer exposure assessment model (SWIMODEL) Version 3.0. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. U.S. Environmental protection agency office of pesticide programs antimicrobials division (2003)
30. EPA. Models and databases (2007), US Environmental Protection Agency. http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/science/models_db.htm#models http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/science/models_db.htm#models. Jan 2008.
31. EU. Regulation (EC) No. 396/2005 of The European Parliament and of The Council (2005). http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/oj/2005/l_070/l_07020050316en00010016.pdf http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/oj/2005/l_070/l_07020050316en00010016.pdf. Feb 2008.
32. EUFRAM. Concerted action to develop a European framework for probabilistic risk assessment of the environmental impacts of pesticides. European Commission's 5th Framework Programme (2006) 64
33. Falk C., Hanrahan L., Olson J., Burse V.W., Needham L., Paschal D., et al. Profiles of Great Lakes critical pollutants: a sentinel analysis of human blood and urine. The Great Lakes Consortium. Sci Total Environ 106 (1998) 279-289
34. Fehr R., and Mekel O.C.L. Use of probabilistic methods in exposure assessment in Germany. Ann Occup Hyg 45 (2001) S65-S67
35. Ferrier H., Nieuwenhuijsen M., Boobis A., and Elliott P. Current knowledge and recent developments in consumer exposure assessment of pesticides: a UK perspective. Food Addit Contam 19 (2002) 837-852
36. Ferrier H., Boobis A., Elliott P., Shaw G., and Nieuwenhuijsen M. Assessment of uncertainty in a probabilistic model of consumer exposure to pesticide residues in food. Food Addit Contam 23 (2006) 601-615
37. Fryer M., Collins C.D., Ferrier H., Colvile R.N., and Nieuwenhuijsen M.J. Human exposure modelling for chemical risk assessment: a review of current approaches and research and policy implications. Environ Sci Policy (2006) 261-274
38. FSA. National diet and nutrition survey. Food Standards Agency (2007). http://www.food.gov.uk/science/dietarysurveys/ndnsdocuments/ http://www.food.gov.uk/science/dietarysurveys/ndnsdocuments/. 09/08/07.
39. Geno P.W., Hsu J.P., Fry W.G., Parker R.P., and Schattenberg H.J. Effect of household preparation on levels of pesticide residues in produce. J AOAC Int 79 (1996) 1447-1453
40. Gordon S.C. Factors contributing to the overuse of chemical pesticides in children with persistent head lice. J Sch Nurs 15 (1999) 6-10
41. Grandjean P., and Landrigan P.J. Developmental neurotoxicity of industrial chemicals. Lancet 368 (2006) 2167-2178
42. Grey C., Nieuwenhuijsen M.J., Golding J., and Team A. The use and disposal of household pesticides. Environ Res 97 (2005) 109-115
43. Grey C., Nieuwenhuijsen M.J., and Golding J. Use and storage of domestic pesticides in the UK. Sci Total Environ 368 (2006) 465-470
44. Hahn S., Melching-Kollmuß S., Bitsch A., Schneider K., Oltmanns J., Hassauer M., et al. Health risks from biocide-containing products and articles of daily use. Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety. German Federal Environmental Agency (2005) 20
45. Hayes T., Hoang A., Haeffele C., Haston K., Tsui M., and Vonk A. Atrazine-induced hermaphroditism at 0.1 ppb in American leopard frogs (Rana pipiens): laboratory and field evidence. Environ Health Perspect 111 (2003) 568-575
46. Hayes T.B., Case P., Chui S., Chung D., Haeffele C., Haston K., et al. Pesticide mixtures, endocrine disruption, and amphibian declines: are we underestimating the impact?. Environ Health Perspect 114 (2006) 40-50
47. Jurewicz J., Hanke W., Johansson C., Lundqvist C., Ceccatelli S., van den Hazel P., et al. Adverse health effects of children's exposure to pesticides: what do we really know and what can be done about it. Acta Paediatr 95 (2006) 71-80
48. Koppe J.G., Bartonova A., Bolte G., Bistrup M.L., Busby C., Butter M., et al. Exposure to multiple environmental agents and their effect. Acta Paediatr 95 (2006) 106-113
49. Lean D.R., and Knopper L. Carcinogenic and genotoxic potential of turf pesticides commonly used on golf courses. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev 7 (2004) 267-279
50. Leoni V., Caricchia A., Cremisini C., Chiavarini S., Fabiani L., Morabito R., et al. Levels of pesticide residues in food: evaluation of data from total diet studies in Italy. Int J Environ Anal Chem 58 (1995)
51. Lu C., Toepel K., Irish R., Fenske R.A., Barr D.B., and Bravo R. Organic diets significantly lower children's dietary exposure to organophosphorus pesticides. Environ Health Perspect 114 (2006) 260-263
52. Lu C., Fenske R., Simcox N., and Kalman D. Pesticide exposure of children in an agricultural community: evidence of household proximity to farmland and take home exposure pathways. Environ Res 84 (2000) 290-302
53. Lu J. Risk factors to pesticide exposure and associated health symptoms among cut-flower farmers. Int J Environ Health Res 15 (2005) 161-169
54. Lu J. Acute pesticide poisoning among cut-flower farmers. J Environ Health 70 (2007) 38-43
55. Lubin J., Giglierano J., Colt J.S., Wolter C., Bekiroglu N., Camann D., et al. Proximity to crops and residential exposure to agricultural herbicides in Iowa. Environ Health Perspect 114 (2006) 893-897
56. Lunchick C. Probabilistic exposure assessment of operator and residential non-dietary exposure. Ann Occup Hyg 45 (2001) S29-S42
57. McKinlay R., Plant J.A., Bell J.N.B., and Voulvoulis N. Endocrine disrupting pesticides: implications for risk assessment. Environ Int 34 (2007) 168-183
58. Menegaux F.F., Baruchel A., Bertrand Y., Lescoeur B., Leverger G., Nelken B., et al. Household exposure to pesticides and risk of childhood acute leukaemia. Occup Environ Med 63 (2006) 131-134
59. Morse D.L., Baker E.L., and Landrigan P.J. Cut flowers: a potential pesticide hazard. Am J Public Health 69 (1979) 53-56
60. Moulin J.J., Squinazi F., Protois J.C., Fontana J.M., Wild P., and Ambroise D. Cancer mortality among municipal pest-control workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 78 (2005) 387-393
61. Newbold R., Padilla-Banks E., and Jefferson W.N. Adverse effects of the model environmental estrogen diethylstilbestrol are transmitted to subsequent generations. Endocrinology 147 (2006) S11-S17
62. Nieuwenhuijsen M.J., Gardiner K., Armstrong B., Vrijheid M., Dolk H., Botting B., et al. Job-exposure matrix for potential endocrine-disrupting chemicals developed for a study into the association between maternal occupational exposure and hypospadias. Ann Occup Hyg 46 (2002) 465-477
63. Nieuwenhuijsen M.J., Fryer M., Collins C.D., Colvile R.N., and Ferrier H. Evaluation of currently used exposure models to define a human exposure model for use in chemical risk assessment in the UK. The Interdepartmental Group on Health Risks from Chemicals (2004) 211
64. Nuygen H., Truong D., Krieger R.I., and Bernard C.E. Environmental residues and biomonitoring estimates of human insecticide exposure from treated residential turf. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 41 (2001) 237-240
65. Ozkaynak H., Burke J.M., Zufall M.J., Rigas M.L., Furtaw Jr. E.J., and Zartarian V.G. A modeling framework for estimating children's residential exposure and dose to chlorpyrifos via dermal residue contact and nondietary ingestion. Environ Health Perspect 108 (2000) 505-514
66. PAN. List of Lists: A catalogue of lists of pesticides identifying those associated with particularly harmful health or environmental impacts (2005), Pesticide Action Network
67. Pearson M.A., Bartell S.M., Lu C., and Givens M.L. Estimating dietary consumption patterns among children: a comparison between cross-sectional and longitudinal study designs. Environ Res 99 (2006) 1065-1079
68. Petersen B.J. Probabilistic modelling: theory and practice. Food Addit Contam 17 (2000) 591-599
69. Petersen B.J., Youngren S.H., Walls C.L., and Barraj L.M. Calendex™: calendar-based dietary & non-dietary aggregate and cumulative exposure software system (2000), Novigen Sciences, Inc.
70. Plentinger M.C., and Penning de Vries F.W.T. CAMASE register of agroecosystem models. Periodical (1996). http://eco.wiz.uni-kassel.de/model_db/Camase/camase.pdf http://eco.wiz.uni-kassel.de/model_db/Camase/camase.pdf. Jan 2008.
71. PRC. Pesticide Residues Monitoring Report, Second Quarter Report 2007. Pesticide Residues Committee (2007). http://www.pesticides.gov.uk/uploadedfiles/Web_Assets/PRC/Report_Q2_2007_13_Dec.pdf http://www.pesticides.gov.uk/uploadedfiles/Web_Assets/PRC/Report_Q2_2007_13_Dec.pdf. Dec 2007.
72. PRCPRMP. Pesticide residues committee pesticides residues monitoring programme (2007). http://www.pesticides.gov.uk/prc.asp?id=959 http://www.pesticides.gov.uk/prc.asp?id=959. Jan 2008.
73. Price P.S., Young J.S., and Chaisson C.F. Assessing aggregate and cumulative pesticide risks using LifeLine™, a probabilistic model (2000). http://www.epa.gov/scipoly/sap/meetings/2000/september/sap_report_lifeline.pdf http://www.epa.gov/scipoly/sap/meetings/2000/september/sap_report_lifeline.pdf. Feb 2008.
74. Prins G.S., Ho S.M., Tang W.Y., and Birch L. Developmental estrogen exposures predispose to prostate carcinogenesis with aging. Reprod Toxicol 23 (2006) 374-382
75. PSD. Operator exposure models on the PSD website. Pesticide safety directorate (2003). http://www.pesticides.gov.uk/publications.asp?id=36 http://www.pesticides.gov.uk/publications.asp?id=36. 18/02/2008.
76. PSD. Legislation on maximum residue levels (MRLs). Pesticide safety directorate (2006). http://www.pesticides.gov.uk/food_industry.asp?id=548 http://www.pesticides.gov.uk/food_industry.asp?id=548. 07/06/2007.
77. PSD. Keeping our food safe: measuring, monitoring and assessing residues. Pesticide safety directorate (2007). http://www.pesticides.gov.uk/food_safety.asp?id=632 http://www.pesticides.gov.uk/food_safety.asp?id=632.
78. Rayman R.B. Aircraft disinsection. Aviat Space Environ Med 77 (2006) 733-736
79. RCEP, and Blundell T. Crop spraying and the health of residents and bystanders (2005), Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution 176
80. Reiss R., and Griffin J. A probabilistic model for acute bystander exposure and risk assessment for soil fumigants. Atmos Environ 40 (2006) 3548-3560
81. Samuel O., Bouchard M., Dumas P., Belleville D., Tremblay C., and Valcke M. Biological monitoring of exposure to organophosphate pesticides in children living in peri-urban areas of the Province of Quebec, Canada. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 79 (2006) 568-577
82. Scholz K., Lutz R.W., Volkel W., Zarn J.A., Lutz W.K., and Trosken E.R. Comparative assessment of the inhibition of recombinant human CYP19 (aromatase) by azoles used in agriculture and as drugs for humans. Endocr Res 30 (2004) 387-394
83. Slack R.J., Bonin M., Gronow I.R., van Santen A., and Voulvoulis N. Household hazardous waste data for the UK by direct sampling. Environ Sci Technol 41 (2007) 2566-2571
84. Slack R.J., Gronow J.R., and Voulvoulis N. Hazardous components of household waste. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 34 (2004) 419-445
85. Slack R.J., Zerva P., Gronow I.R., and Voulvoulis N. Assessing quantities and disposal routes for household hazardous products in the United Kingdom. Environ Sci Technol 39 (2005) 1912-1919
86. Steer C.D., Grey C.N.B., and ALSPAC Study Team. Socio-demographic characteristics of UK families using pesticides and weed-killers. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 24 (2005) 93-106
87. Stossel U., Muff S., and Wyss R. Flugreisen-ein Krankheitsrisiko?. Ther Umsch 58 (2001) 399-403
88. Sutton P.M., Vergara X., Beckman J., Nicas M., and Das R. Pesticide illness among flight attendants due to aircraft disinsection. Am J Ind Med 50 (2007) 345-356
89. Vandelac L. Perturbateurs endocriniens: environnement, sante, politiques publiques et principe de precaution (in French). B Acad Nat Med Paris 184 (2000) 1477-1486
90. van Hemmen J. EUROPOEM, a predictive occupational exposure database for registration purposes of pesticides. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 16 (2001) 246-250
91. van Netten C. Analysis and implications of aircraft disinsectants. Sci Total Environ 293 (2002) 257-262
92. Vasseur P., and Cossu-Leguille C. Linking molecular interactions to consequent effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) upon populations. Chemosphere. 62 (2006) 1033-1042
93. Vermeire T.G., Jager D.T., Bussian B., Devillers J., den Haan K., Hansen B., et al. European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances (EUSES). Princ Struct 34 (1997) 1823-1836
94. Welshons W.V., Thayer K.A., Judy B.M., Taylor J.A., Curran E.M., and von Saal F.S. Large effects from small exposures. I. Mechanisms for endocrine disrupting chemicals with estrogenic activity. Environ Health Perspect 111 (2003) 994-1006
95. Wenzel A., Müller J., and Ternes T. Study on endocrine disrupters in drinking water. Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (2003). http://ec.europa.eu/research/endocrine/pdf/drinking_water_en.pdf http://ec.europa.eu/research/endocrine/pdf/drinking_water_en.pdf. Jan 2008.
96. Williams A. PAN UK survey of home and garden pesticide use pesticide action network UK (2001). http://www.pan-uk.org/News/Press http://www.pan-uk.org/News/Press%20Release/lapsurv.htm. Jan 2008.
97. Whyatt R.M., Reyes A., Diaz D., Ramirez J., Camann D.E., Kinney P.L., et al. Residential pesticide use during pregnancy among a cohort of urban minority women. Environ Health Perspect 110 (2002) 507-514
98. Zartarian V.G., Özkaynak H., Burke J.M., Zufall M.J., Rigas M.L., and Furtaw E.J. A modeling framework for estimating children's residential exposure and dose to chlorpyrifos via dermal residue contact and nondietary ingestion. Environ Health Perspect 108 (2000) 505-514
99. Zartarian V.G., Xue J., Ozkaynak H., Wang S.W., Yang Y.C., Chu P.L., et al. Children's residential exposure to chlorpyrifos: application of CPPAES field measurements of chlorpyrifos and TCPy within MENTOR/SHEDS-Pesticides model. Sci Total Environ 366 (2006) 525-537
100. Zoeller R.R. Endocrine disruptors: do family lines carry an epigenetic record of previous generations' exposures?. Endocrinology 147 (2006) 5513-5514