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Volumn 43, Issue 21, 2004, Pages 2850-2852

Efficient asymmetric hydrogenation of pyridines

Author keywords

Asymmetric synthesis; Chiral auxiliaries; Heterogeneous catalysis; Hydrogenation; Piperidines

Indexed keywords

HYDROGENATION; NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION; SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS;

EID: 4344711567     PISSN: 14337851     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/anie.200453942     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (198)

References (37)
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    • Several criteria for efficiency and selectivity in chemical synthesis have been defined. See for example: a) "Atom economy": B. M. Trost, Science 1991, 254, 1471;
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    • The few reported highly enantioselective hydrogenations of heteroaromatic compounds result in partial saturation of the aromatic system and the creation of a single stereocenter: 2-Methylquinoxaline to 2-methyl-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroquinoxaline: a) C. Bianchini, P. Barbaro, G. Scapacci, E. Farnetti, M. Graziani, Organometallics 1998, 17, 3308;
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    • It is generally accepted that the hydrogen atoms are transferred to the face of the pyridinium ring that is adsorbed on the catalyst. Stepwise hydrogenation may give rise to partially hydrogenated species with different coordination modes. See: L. A. M. M. Barbosa, P. Sautet, J. Catal. 2003, 217, 23.
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    • Barbosa, L.A.M.M.1    Sautet, P.2
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    • note
    • In some cases the hydrogenation can be stopped at aminal 6, e.g. in the case of 6g or 6j. An investigation of their synthetic utility is ongoing and will be reported in due course.
  • 32
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    • note
    • 4 (CCDC-230264), respectively.
  • 33
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    • note
    • The absolute stereochemistry of the products was determined unequivocally by comparison of optical rotation data with literature values (3a, 3b, 3d; N-Boc derivative of 3c), by X-ray-analysis of 3i (CCDC-230263), 6g (CCDC-230265), 6j (CCDC-230266), and 7 (CCDC-230267). CCDC 230262-230267 contain the supplementary crystallographic data for this paper. These data can be obtained free of charge via www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/conts/retrieving.html (or from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, 12, Union Road, Cambridge CB21EZ, UK; fax: (+44)1223-336-033; or deposit@ ccdc.cam.ac.uk).
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    • 3, toluene, 140°C) varies in the choice of the optimal ligand: whereas less reactive substrates benefited from the use of N,N′-dimethylethylendiamine, phenanthroline proved to be superior for more reactive substrates.
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    • note
    • 2/C [100, 98]. In all cases the S enantiomer is formed predominantly.
  • 36
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    • Cleavage of a chiral auxiliary often leaves behind an undesired functional group, whereas in this case, a C-H bond is formed on the parent molecule. The term "traceless cleavage" is usually used in the context of traceless linkers: S. Bräse, S. Dahmen, Chem. Eur. J. 2000, 6, 1899.
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    • note
    • Whereas the reaction with acetaldehyde can be explained as a reductive amination, the reaction with acetic anhydride is less well understood since amides seem to be tolerated under the reaction conditions (see Table 1, entry 6).


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