Fine morphology of proton-conducting ionomers

Journal of Physical Chemistry B

Volumn 108, Issue 32, 2004, Pages 11953-11963

  Ioselevich, A S ^a   Kornyshev, A A ^b   Steinke, J H G ^b  

^a LANDAU INSTITUTE FOR THEORETICAL PHYSICS   (Russian Federation)

^b IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARRIER MOBILITY; CATALYSIS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; ELECTROLYSIS; FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; METHANOL; MOLECULAR STRUCTURE; NEUTRON SCATTERING; OXIDATION; PROBLEM SOLVING; PROTONS; RAMAN SCATTERING; SWELLING;

DIRECT METHANOL FUEL CELLS (DMFC); POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELLS (PEFC); SCANNING ELECTROCHEMICAL MICROSCOPY (SECM); SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY; WATER MOLECULES;

IONOMERS;

EID: 4344662656     PISSN: 15206106     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jp049687q     Document Type: Article

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118. See, e.g., papers particularly focused on fusion, containing inverted micellar structures; (a) Siegel, D. In Cell Fusion; Sowers, A. E., Ed.; Plenum; New York, 1987. (b) Siegel, D. Biophys. J. 1984, 45, 399. (c)Siegel, D. P.; Epand, R. M. Biophys. J. 1997, 73, 3089. (d)Andelman, D.; Kozlov, M. M.; Helfrich, W. Europhys. Lett. 1994, 25, 231. (e) Hamm, M.; Kozlov, M. M. Eur. Phys. J. B 1998, 6, 519 and the references therein.
119. See, e.g., papers particularly focused on fusion, containing inverted micellar structures; (a) Siegel, D. In Cell Fusion; Sowers, A. E., Ed.; Plenum; New York, 1987. (b) Siegel, D. Biophys. J. 1984, 45, 399. Siegel, D. P.; Epand, R. M. Biophys. J. 1997, 73, 3089. Andelman, D.; Kozlov, M. M.; Helfrich, W. Europhys. Lett. 1994, 25, 231. (e) Hamm, M.; Kozlov, M. M. Eur. Phys. J. B 1998, 6, 519 and the references therein.
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121. In the neck-building process, water will propagate from one cage to their neigboring cages, starting from the membrane surface. The kinetics of capillary condensation in swelling media is a sophisticated subject (see, e.g., a classical account of this kind of phenomena in Chismadjev, Yu.; Markin, V. S.; Tarasevich, M. R.; Chirkov, Yu. G. Macrokinetics of Processes in Porous Media; Nauka: Moscow, 1971). The question of how water gets into the inverted micelle of each cage before the formation of the channels is the subject of molecular diffusion. Hereafter, we consider the membrane equilibrated for a given water uptake.
122. For review of the application of the Landau-Ginzburg approach to self-asembling amphiphilic systems, see: Gompper, G.; Schick, M. In Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena; Domb, C., Lebowitz, J., Eds.; Academic Press: London, 1994.
123. A series of functional has been suggested in the theory of microemulsions (the works of Teubner and Strey, Brazovski, Gompper and Schick, Roux et al., Kawasaki-Kawakatsu, Anisimov et al., Gompper and Klein, Chen, Gompper and Kraus, etc. For review, see the preceding reference. In the theory of microemulsions, oil, water, and surfactant are considered on the same footing. Extension of this approach on the phase segregation in polymer electrolyte membranes is far from straightforward.
124. Divisek, J.; Eikerling, M.; Mazin, V.; Schmitz, H.; Stimming, U.; Wolfkovich, Y. J. Electrochem. Soc. 1998, 145, 2677.
125. Note that the data of ref 99 reported down to ø = 0 cannot tell us what precisely high activation energies mean and for which value of ø the "channels emerge".