Measurement of free-volume hole size distribution in Nafion-117 using positron annihilation spectroscopy

Journal of Polymer Science, Part B: Polymer Physics

Volumn 36, Issue 6, 1998, Pages 983-989

  Sodaye, H S ^a   Pujari, P K ^a   Goswami, A ^a   Manohar, S B ^a  

^a BHABHA ATOMIC RESEARCH CENTRE   (India)

Author keywords

Free volume; Free volume size distribution; Nafion; Positron annihilation

Indexed keywords

ETHANOL; ION EXCHANGE MEMBRANES; SWELLING; VOLUME FRACTION; VOLUME MEASUREMENT; WATER;

FREE VOLUME; POSITRON LIFETIME SPECTROSCOPY;

ION EXCHANGE RESINS;

EID: 0032048281     PISSN: 08876266     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0488(19980430)36:6<983::AID-POLB6>3.0.CO;2-H     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. (a) T. D. Gierke and W. Y. Hsu, in Perfluorinated Ionomer Membranes, A. Eisenberg and H. L. Yeager, Eds., ACS Symposium series 180, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1982, p. 283;
2. (b) S. J. Sondheimer, N. J. Bunce, and C. A. Fyfe, JMS-Rev. Macromol. Chem. Phys., C26, 353 (1986);
3. (c) A. J. Appleby and R. L. Foulkes, Eds., Fuel Cell Handbook, Van Norsrand, New York, 1989.
4. T. G. Fox and P. J. Flory, J. Phys. Chem., 55, 221 (1951); A. K. Doolittle, J. Appl. Phys., 22, 1471 (1951); M. L. Williams, R. F. Landel, and D. J. Ferry, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 77, 3701 (1955); M. H. Cohen and D. Turnbull, J. Chem. Phys., 31, 1164 (1959); R. W. Raudell, K. L. Ngai, G. R. Fong, and J. J. Aklonis, Macromolecules, 20, 1060 (1987); C. A. Kumins and T. K. Kwei, in Diffusion in Polymers, J. Crank and G. S. Park, Eds., Academic Press, New York, 1968, p. 107.
5. T. G. Fox and P. J. Flory, J. Phys. Chem., 55, 221 (1951); A. K. Doolittle, J. Appl. Phys., 22, 1471 (1951); M. L. Williams, R. F. Landel, and D. J. Ferry, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 77, 3701 (1955); M. H. Cohen and D. Turnbull, J. Chem. Phys., 31, 1164 (1959); R. W. Raudell, K. L. Ngai, G. R. Fong, and J. J. Aklonis, Macromolecules, 20, 1060 (1987); C. A. Kumins and T. K. Kwei, in Diffusion in Polymers, J. Crank and G. S. Park, Eds., Academic Press, New York, 1968, p. 107.
6. T. G. Fox and P. J. Flory, J. Phys. Chem., 55, 221 (1951); A. K. Doolittle, J. Appl. Phys., 22, 1471 (1951); M. L. Williams, R. F. Landel, and D. J. Ferry, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 77, 3701 (1955); M. H. Cohen and D. Turnbull, J. Chem. Phys., 31, 1164 (1959); R. W. Raudell, K. L. Ngai, G. R. Fong, and J. J. Aklonis, Macromolecules, 20, 1060 (1987); C. A. Kumins and T. K. Kwei, in Diffusion in Polymers, J. Crank and G. S. Park, Eds., Academic Press, New York, 1968, p. 107.
7. T. G. Fox and P. J. Flory, J. Phys. Chem., 55, 221 (1951); A. K. Doolittle, J. Appl. Phys., 22, 1471 (1951); M. L. Williams, R. F. Landel, and D. J. Ferry, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 77, 3701 (1955); M. H. Cohen and D. Turnbull, J. Chem. Phys., 31, 1164 (1959); R. W. Raudell, K. L. Ngai, G. R. Fong, and J. J. Aklonis, Macromolecules, 20, 1060 (1987); C. A. Kumins and T. K. Kwei, in Diffusion in Polymers, J. Crank and G. S. Park, Eds., Academic Press, New York, 1968, p. 107.
8. T. G. Fox and P. J. Flory, J. Phys. Chem., 55, 221 (1951); A. K. Doolittle, J. Appl. Phys., 22, 1471 (1951); M. L. Williams, R. F. Landel, and D. J. Ferry, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 77, 3701 (1955); M. H. Cohen and D. Turnbull, J. Chem. Phys., 31, 1164 (1959); R. W. Raudell, K. L. Ngai, G. R. Fong, and J. J. Aklonis, Macromolecules, 20, 1060 (1987); C. A. Kumins and T. K. Kwei, in Diffusion in Polymers, J. Crank and G. S. Park, Eds., Academic Press, New York, 1968, p. 107.
9. T. G. Fox and P. J. Flory, J. Phys. Chem., 55, 221 (1951); A. K. Doolittle, J. Appl. Phys., 22, 1471 (1951); M. L. Williams, R. F. Landel, and D. J. Ferry, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 77, 3701 (1955); M. H. Cohen and D. Turnbull, J. Chem. Phys., 31, 1164 (1959); R. W. Raudell, K. L. Ngai, G. R. Fong, and J. J. Aklonis, Macromolecules, 20, 1060 (1987); C. A. Kumins and T. K. Kwei, in Diffusion in Polymers, J. Crank and G. S. Park, Eds., Academic Press, New York, 1968, p. 107.
10. D. M. Schrader and Y. C. Jean, Eds., Positron and Positronium Chemistry, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1988.
11. Q. Deng, C. S. Sundar, and Y. C. Jean, J. Phys. Chem., 96, 492 (1992).
12. Y. C. Jean, Microchem. J., 42, 72 (1990).
13. H. S. Sodaye, P. K. Pujari, A. Goswami, and S. B. Manohar, J. Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Phys., 35(5), 771 (1997).
14. J. Kristiak, J. Bartos, K. Kristiakova, O. Sausa, and P. Bandzuch, Phys. Rev., B49, 6601 (1994).
15. P. K. Pujari, T. Datta, K. Madangopal, and J. Singh, Phys. Rev., B47, 11677 (1993).
16. P. Kirkegaard, M. Eldrup, O. E. Mogensen, and N. J. Pedersen, Comput. Phys. Commun., 23, 307 (1981).
17. S. W. Provencher, Comput. Phys. Commun., 27, 229 (1982); R. B. Gregory and Y. Zhu, Nucl. Inst. Methods. Phys. Res., A290, 172 (1990).
18. S. W. Provencher, Comput. Phys. Commun., 27, 229 (1982); R. B. Gregory and Y. Zhu, Nucl. Inst. Methods. Phys. Res., A290, 172 (1990).
19. H. Nakanishi and Y. C. Jean, in Positron and Positronium Chemistry, D. M. Schrader and Y. C. Jean, Eds., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1988, Chap. 5, p. 159.
20. Y. Y. Wang, H. Nakanishi, Y. C. Jean, and T. C. Sandreczki, J. Polym. Sci.; Part B; Polym. Phys., 28, 1431 (1990).
21. Y. C. Jean, J. P. Yuan, J. Liu, Q. Deng, and H. Yang, J. Polym. Sci.; Part B; Polym. Phys., 33, 2365 (1995).
22. J. Pellegrino and Y. S. Kang, J. Membrane Sci., 99, 163 (1995).
23. S. Schlick, G. Gebel, M. Pineri, and F. Volino, Macromolecules, 24, 3517 (1991).
24. M. H. Cohen and D. Turnbull, J. Chem. Phys., 31, 1164 (1959); R. Simha and T. Somcynsky, Macromolecules, 2, 342 (1969).
25. M. H. Cohen and D. Turnbull, J. Chem. Phys., 31, 1164 (1959); R. Simha and T. Somcynsky, Macromolecules, 2, 342 (1969).
26. T. Sakai, H. Takenaka, and E. Torikai, J. Electrochem. Soc., 133(1), 88 (1986); B. Maiti and S. Schlick, Chem. Materials, 4(2), 458 (1992); Y. T. Lee, K. Iwamoto, and M. Seno, J. Membrane Sci., 49, 85 (1990); T. Sakai, H. Takenaka, N. Wakabayashi, Y. Kawami, and E. Torikai, J. Electrochem. Soc., 132(6), 1328 (1985); Z. Ogumi, T. Kuroe, and Z. Takehara, J. Electrochem. Soc., 132(11), 2601 (1985).
27. T. Sakai, H. Takenaka, and E. Torikai, J. Electrochem. Soc., 133(1), 88 (1986); B. Maiti and S. Schlick, Chem. Materials, 4(2), 458 (1992); Y. T. Lee, K. Iwamoto, and M. Seno, J. Membrane Sci., 49, 85 (1990); T. Sakai, H. Takenaka, N. Wakabayashi, Y. Kawami, and E. Torikai, J. Electrochem. Soc., 132(6), 1328 (1985); Z. Ogumi, T. Kuroe, and Z. Takehara, J. Electrochem. Soc., 132(11), 2601 (1985).
28. T. Sakai, H. Takenaka, and E. Torikai, J. Electrochem. Soc., 133(1), 88 (1986); B. Maiti and S. Schlick, Chem. Materials, 4(2), 458 (1992); Y. T. Lee, K. Iwamoto, and M. Seno, J. Membrane Sci., 49, 85 (1990); T. Sakai, H. Takenaka, N. Wakabayashi, Y. Kawami, and E. Torikai, J. Electrochem. Soc., 132(6), 1328 (1985); Z. Ogumi, T. Kuroe, and Z. Takehara, J. Electrochem. Soc., 132(11), 2601 (1985).
29. T. Sakai, H. Takenaka, and E. Torikai, J. Electrochem. Soc., 133(1), 88 (1986); B. Maiti and S. Schlick, Chem. Materials, 4(2), 458 (1992); Y. T. Lee, K. Iwamoto, and M. Seno, J. Membrane Sci., 49, 85 (1990); T. Sakai, H. Takenaka, N. Wakabayashi, Y. Kawami, and E. Torikai, J. Electrochem. Soc., 132(6), 1328 (1985); Z. Ogumi, T. Kuroe, and Z. Takehara, J. Electrochem. Soc., 132(11), 2601 (1985).
30. T. Sakai, H. Takenaka, and E. Torikai, J. Electrochem. Soc., 133(1), 88 (1986); B. Maiti and S. Schlick, Chem. Materials, 4(2), 458 (1992); Y. T. Lee, K. Iwamoto, and M. Seno, J. Membrane Sci., 49, 85 (1990); T. Sakai, H. Takenaka, N. Wakabayashi, Y. Kawami, and E. Torikai, J. Electrochem. Soc., 132(6), 1328 (1985); Z. Ogumi, T. Kuroe, and Z. Takehara, J. Electrochem. Soc., 132(11), 2601 (1985).
31. K. Tanaka, M. Katsube, K. Okamoto, H. Kita, O. Sueoka, and Y. Ito, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 65, 1891 (1992); K. Okamoto, K. Tanaka, M. Katsube, H. Kita, and Y. Ito, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 66, 61 (1993).
32. K. Tanaka, M. Katsube, K. Okamoto, H. Kita, O. Sueoka, and Y. Ito, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 65, 1891 (1992); K. Okamoto, K. Tanaka, M. Katsube, H. Kita, and Y. Ito, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 66, 61 (1993).