Surface morphology of nafion 117 membrane by tapping mode atomic force microscope

Journal of Applied Polymer Science

Volumn 68, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 503-508

  Lehmani, A ^a   Durand Vidal, S ^a   Turq, P ^a  

^a CNRS   (France)

Author keywords

Atomic force microscopy; Membrane; Swelling

Indexed keywords

ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY; ION EXCHANGE MEMBRANES; MOLECULAR STRUCTURE; MORPHOLOGY; PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS; SURFACE ROUGHNESS; SWELLING; WATER;

TRIBUTYLPHOSPHATE;

POLYMERIC MEMBRANES;

EID: 0032045467     PISSN: 00218995     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19980418)68:3<503::AID-APP16>3.0.CO;2-V     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. A. Eisenberg and H. L. Yeager, in Perfluorinated Ionomer Membranes, ACS Symposium Series 180, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1982.
2. F. G. Will, J. Electrochem. Soc., 126, 36 (1979).
3. F. G. Will and H. S. Spacil, J. Power Sources, 5, 173 (1980).
4. E. Gileadi, S. Srinivasan, F. J. Salzano, C. Braun, A. Beaufrere, S. Gottesfeld, L. J. Nuttal, and A. B. LaConti, J. Power Sources, 2, 191 (1977).
5. H. L. Yeager, B. Kipling, and R. L. Dotson, J. Electrochem. Soc., 127, 303 (1980).
6. R. S. Yeo, J. McBreen, G. Kissel, F. Kulesa, and S. Srinivasan, J. Appl. Electrochem., 10, 741 (1980).
7. K. Hass and P. Schmittinger, Electrochim. Acta, 21, 1115 (1976).
8. J. Jorne, J. Electrochem. Soc., 129, 722 (1982).
9. H. L. Yeager, and A. Steck, Anal. Chem., 51, 862 (1979).
10. A. Steck, and H. L. Yeager, Anal. Chem., 51, 1215 (1979).
11. A. Eisenberg and M. King, Polymer Physics, R. S. Stein, Ed., Academic Press, New York, 1977, Chap. 4.
12. T. D. Gierke in Proceedings of the Symposium on Perfluorocarbon Ion Exchange Membranes, The Electrochemical Society, Georgia, 1977.
13. G. Scibona, C. Fabiani, and B. Scuppa, J. Membr. Sci., 16, 37 (1983).
14. G. Pourcelly, A. Lindheimer, C. Gavach, and H. D. Hurwitz, J. Electroanal. Chem., 305, 97 (1991).
15. C. Gavach, P. Pamboutzoglou, M. Nedyalkov, and G. Pourcelly, J. Membr. Sci., 45, 37 (1989).
16. A. Narebska, S. Koter, and W. Kujawski, J. Membr. Sci., 25, 153 (1985).
17. H. L. Yeager, B. O'Dell, and Z. Twardowski, J. Electrochem. Soc., 129, 85 (1982).
18. A. A. Gronowski, and H. L. Yeager, J. Electrochem. Soc., 138, 2690 (1991).
19. A. Lindheimer, J. Molenat, and C. Gavach, J. Electroanal. Chem., 216, 71 (1987).
20. E. J. Taylor, N. R. K. Vilambi, R. Waterhouse, and A. Gelb, J. Appl. Electrochem., 21, 402 (1991).
21. S. W. Capeci, P. N. Pintauro, and D. N. Bennion, J. Electrochem. Soc., 136, 10 (1989).
22. T. D. Gierke, in The Electrochemical Society Extended Abstracts, Vol. 77-2, Abstract 438, Atlanta, GA, 1977, p. 1139.
23. H. L. Yeager, and A. Steck, J. Electrochem. Soc. (1981).
24. B. Rodmacq, J. M. Coey, M. Escoubes, E. Roche, R. Duplessix, A. Eisenberg, and M. Pineri in Water in Polymers, S. P. Roland, Ed., ACS Symposium Series 127, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1980, Chap. 29.
25. H. G. Hansma, A. L. Weisenhorn, S. A. C. Gould, R. L. Sinsheimer, H. E. Gaub, G. D. Stucky, C. M. Zaremba, and P. K. Hansma, J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 13, 1282 (1991).
26. H. G. Hansma, M. Bezanilla, F. Zenhausem, M. Adrian, and R. L. Sinsheimer, Nucl. Acids Res., 1, 505 (1993).
27. A. L. Weisenhorn, F. J. Schmitt, W. Knoll, and P. K. Hansma, Ultramicroscopy, 42-44, 1125 (1992).
28. F. J. Schmitt, A. L. Weisenhorn, P. K. Hansma, and W. Knoll, Thin Solid Films, 210-211, 666 (1992).
29. K. Kasper, K. H. Herrmann, P. Dietz, P. K. Hansma, O. Inacker, and H. D. Lehmann, Ultramicroscopy, 42-44, 1181 (1992).
30. H. J. Butt, E. K. Wolff, S. A. C. Gould, B. D. Norhern, C. M. Pearson, and P. K. Hansma, J. Struct. Biol., 105, 54 (1990).
31. A. K. Fritzsche, A. R. Aravalo, M. D. Moore, V. B. Elings, K. Kjoller, and C. M. Wu, J. Membr. Sci., 68, 65 (1992).
32. A. K. Fritzsche, A. R. Aravalo, M. D. Moore, C. J. Weber, V. B. Elings, K. Kjoller, and C. M. Wu, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 46, 167 (1992).
33. K. C. Khulbe, B. Kruczek, G. Chowdhury, S. Gagné, and T. J. Matsuura, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 59, 1151 (1996).
34. Digital Instruments Inc., NanoScope III, Control System Manual, Santa Barbara, CA, Dec. 1993.
35. R. E. Kesting, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 41, 2739 (1990).
36. K. A. Mauritz, and A. J. Hopfinger, Mod. Aspects Electrochem., 14, 425 (1982).
37. G. Gebel, P. Aldebert, and M. Pineri, Polymer, 34, 33 (1993).