메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 122, Issue 11, 2008, Pages 2621-2627

Overcoming imatinib resistance using Src inhibitor CGP76030, Abl inhibitor nilotinib and Abl/Lyn inhibitor INNO-406 in newly established K562 variants with BCR-ABL gene amplification

Author keywords

BCR ABL gene amplification; Chronic myeloid leukemia; Drug resistance; Imatinib

Indexed keywords

4 (3 DIMETHYLAMINO 1 PYRROLIDINYLMETHYL) 3 TRIFLUOROMETHYL N [4 METHYL 3 [[4 (5 PYRIMIDINYL) 2 PYRIMIDINYL]AMINO]PHENYL]BENZAMIDE; 7 [4 [2 (2 METHOXYETHYLAMINO)ETHOXY]PHENYL] 5 (4 METHOXYPHENYL) 7H PYRROLO[2,3 D]PYRIMIDIN 4 AMINE; ABELSON KINASE; BCR ABL PROTEIN; IMATINIB; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 1; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 3; NILOTINIB; PROTEIN KINASE LYN; PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE;

EID: 42549111710     PISSN: 00207136     EISSN: 10970215     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23435     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (27)

References (42)
  • 1
    • 0023736715 scopus 로고
    • Definition of the accelerated phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia
    • 1 Kantarjian HM, Talpaz M. Definition of the accelerated phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia. J Clin Oncol 1988 ; 6: 180–2.
    • (1988) J Clin Oncol , vol.6 , pp. 180-2
    • Kantarjian, HM1    Talpaz, M2
  • 3
    • 14644425319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of BCR‐ABL in the pathogenesis of chronic myelogenous leukaemia
    • 3 Ren R. Mechanisms of BCR‐ABL in the pathogenesis of chronic myelogenous leukaemia. Nat Rev Cancer 2005 ; 5: 172–83.
    • (2005) Nat Rev Cancer , vol.5 , pp. 172-83
    • Ren, R1
  • 4
    • 0021346853 scopus 로고
    • Philadelphia chromosomal breakpoints are clustered within a limited region, bcr, on chromosome 22
    • 4 Groffen J, Stephenson JR, Heisterkamp N, de Klein A, Bartram CR, Grosveld G. Philadelphia chromosomal breakpoints are clustered within a limited region, bcr, on chromosome 22. Cell 1984 ; 36: 93–9.
    • (1984) Cell , vol.36 , pp. 93-9
    • Groffen, J1    Stephenson, JR2    Heisterkamp, N3    de Klein, A4    Bartram, CR5    Grosveld, G6
  • 5
    • 0025348013 scopus 로고
    • Tyrosine kinase activity and transformation potency of bcr‐abl oncogene products
    • 5 Lugo TG, Pendergast AM, Muller AJ, Witte ON. Tyrosine kinase activity and transformation potency of bcr‐abl oncogene products. Science 1990 ; 247: 1079–82.
    • (1990) Science , vol.247 , pp. 1079-82
    • Lugo, TG1    Pendergast, AM2    Muller, AJ3    Witte, ON4
  • 6
    • 0029947186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a selective inhibitor of the Abl tyrosine kinase on the growth of Bcr‐Abl positive cells
    • 6 Druker BJ, Tamura S, Buchdunger E, Ohno S, Segal GM, Fanning S, Zimmermann J, Lydon NB. Effects of a selective inhibitor of the Abl tyrosine kinase on the growth of Bcr‐Abl positive cells. Nat Med 1996 ; 2: 561–6.
    • (1996) Nat Med , vol.2 , pp. 561-6
    • Druker, BJ1    Tamura, S2    Buchdunger, E3    Ohno, S4    Segal, GM5    Fanning, S6    Zimmermann, J7    Lydon, NB8
  • 7
    • 0033816156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abl protein‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 inhibits in vitro signal transduction mediated by c‐kit and platelet‐derived growth factor receptors
    • 7 Buchdunger E, Cioffi CL, Law N, Stover D, Ohno‐Jones S, Druker BJ, Lydon NB. Abl protein‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 inhibits in vitro signal transduction mediated by c‐kit and platelet‐derived growth factor receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2000 ; 295: 139–45.
    • (2000) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.295 , pp. 139-45
    • Buchdunger, E1    Cioffi, CL2    Law, N3    Stover, D4    Ohno‐Jones, S5    Druker, BJ6    Lydon, NB7
  • 8
    • 0037199996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the structural basis of specificity of inhibition of the Abl kinase by STI571
    • 8 Corbin AS, Buchdunger E, Pascal F, Druker BJ. Analysis of the structural basis of specificity of inhibition of the Abl kinase by STI571. J Biol Chem 2002 ; 277: 32214–19.
    • (2002) J Biol Chem , vol.277 , pp. 32214-19
    • Corbin, AS1    Buchdunger, E2    Pascal, F3    Druker, BJ4
  • 9
    • 10444280878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategies to overcome resistance to targeted protein kinase inhibitors
    • 9 Daub H, Specht K, Ullrich A. Strategies to overcome resistance to targeted protein kinase inhibitors. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2004 ; 3: 1001– 10.
    • (2004) Nat Rev Drug Discov , vol.3 , pp. 1001-10
    • Daub, H1    Specht, K2    Ullrich, A3
  • 10
    • 33748133844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival advantage from imatinib compared with the combination interferon‐α plus cytarabine in chronic‐phase chronic myelogenous leukemia: historical comparison between two phase 3 trials
    • 10 Roy L, Guilhot J, Krahnke T, Guerci‐Bresler A, Druker BJ, Larson RA, O'Brien S, So C, Massimini G, Guilhot F. Survival advantage from imatinib compared with the combination interferon‐α plus cytarabine in chronic‐phase chronic myelogenous leukemia: historical comparison between two phase 3 trials. Blood 2006 ; 108: 1478–84.
    • (2006) Blood , vol.108 , pp. 1478-84
    • Roy, L1    Guilhot, J2    Krahnke, T3    Guerci‐Bresler, A4    Druker, BJ5    Larson, RA6    O'Brien, S7    So, C8    Massimini, G9    Guilhot, F10
  • 12
    • 0037315281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms of resistance to imatinib in Philadelphia‐chromosome‐positive leukaemias
    • 12 Gambacorti‐Passerini CB, Gunby RH, Piazza R, Galietta A, Rostagno R, Scapozza L. Molecular mechanisms of resistance to imatinib in Philadelphia‐chromosome‐positive leukaemias. Lancet Oncol 2003 ; 4: 75–85.
    • (2003) Lancet Oncol , vol.4 , pp. 75-85
    • Gambacorti‐Passerini, CB1    Gunby, RH2    Piazza, R3    Galietta, A4    Rostagno, R5    Scapozza, L6
  • 13
    • 31344472945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel targeted therapies to overcome imatinib mesylate resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
    • 13 Walz C, Sattler M. Novel targeted therapies to overcome imatinib mesylate resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2006 ; 57: 145–64.
    • (2006) Crit Rev Oncol Hematol , vol.57 , pp. 145-64
    • Walz, C1    Sattler, M2
  • 14
    • 0035800507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical resistance to STI‐571 cancer therapy caused by BCR‐ABL gene mutation or amplification
    • 14 Gorre ME, Mohammed M, Ellwood K, Hsu N, Paquette R, Rao PN, Sawyers CL. Clinical resistance to STI‐571 cancer therapy caused by BCR‐ABL gene mutation or amplification. Science 2001 ; 293: 876–80.
    • (2001) Science , vol.293 , pp. 876-80
    • Gorre, ME1    Mohammed, M2    Ellwood, K3    Hsu, N4    Paquette, R5    Rao, PN6    Sawyers, CL7
  • 15
    • 33947216149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Important therapeutic targets in chronic myelogenous leukemia
    • 15 Kantarjian HM, Giles F, Quintas‐Cardama A, Cortes J. Important therapeutic targets in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2007 ; 13: 1089–97.
    • (2007) Clin Cancer Res , vol.13 , pp. 1089-97
    • Kantarjian, HM1    Giles, F2    Quintas‐Cardama, A3    Cortes, J4
  • 16
    • 25444488489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bcr‐Abl expression levels determine the rate of development of resistance to imatinib mesylate in chronic myeloid leukemia
    • 16 Barnes DJ, Palaiologou D, Panousopoulou E, Schultheis B, Yong AS, Wong A, Pattacini L, Goldman JM, Melo JV. Bcr‐Abl expression levels determine the rate of development of resistance to imatinib mesylate in chronic myeloid leukemia. Cancer Res 2005 ; 65: 8912–19.
    • (2005) Cancer Res , vol.65 , pp. 8912-19
    • Barnes, DJ1    Palaiologou, D2    Panousopoulou, E3    Schultheis, B4    Yong, AS5    Wong, A6    Pattacini, L7    Goldman, JM8    Melo, JV9
  • 17
    • 34247570869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CML blast crisis arises from progenitors
    • 17 Michor F. CML blast crisis arises from progenitors. Stem Cells 2007 ; 25: 1114–18.
    • (2007) Stem Cells , vol.25 , pp. 1114-18
    • Michor, F1
  • 18
    • 0037438640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BCR‐ABL independence and LYN kinase overexpression in chronic myelogenous leukemia cells selected for resistance to STI571
    • 18 Donato NJ, Wu JY, Stapley J, Gallick G, Lin H, Arlinghaus R, Talpaz M. BCR‐ABL independence and LYN kinase overexpression in chronic myelogenous leukemia cells selected for resistance to STI571. Blood 2003 ; 101: 690–8.
    • (2003) Blood , vol.101 , pp. 690-8
    • Donato, NJ1    Wu, JY2    Stapley, J3    Gallick, G4    Lin, H5    Arlinghaus, R6    Talpaz, M7
  • 22
    • 0037438513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual‐specific Src and Abl kinase inhibitors, PP1 and CGP76030, inhibit growth and survival of cells expressing imatinib mesylate‐resistant Bcr‐Abl kinases
    • 22 Warmuth M, Simon N, Mitina O, Mathes R, Fabbro D, Manley PW, Buchdunger E, Forster K, Moarefi I, Hallek M. Dual‐specific Src and Abl kinase inhibitors, PP1 and CGP76030, inhibit growth and survival of cells expressing imatinib mesylate‐resistant Bcr‐Abl kinases. Blood 2003 ; 101: 664–72.
    • (2003) Blood , vol.101 , pp. 664-72
    • Warmuth, M1    Simon, N2    Mitina, O3    Mathes, R4    Fabbro, D5    Manley, PW6    Buchdunger, E7    Forster, K8    Moarefi, I9    Hallek, M10
  • 23
    • 28444479480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NS‐187, a potent and selective dual Bcr‐Abl/Lyn tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is a novel agent for imatinib‐resistant leukemia
    • 23 Kimura S, Naito H, Segawa H, Kuroda J, Yuasa T, Sato K, Yokota A, Kamitsuji Y, Kawata E, Ashihara E, Nakaya Y, Naruoka H, et al. NS‐187, a potent and selective dual Bcr‐Abl/Lyn tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is a novel agent for imatinib‐resistant leukemia. Blood 2005 ; 106: 3948–54.
    • (2005) Blood , vol.106 , pp. 3948-54
    • Kimura, S1    Naito, H2    Segawa, H3    Kuroda, J4    Yuasa, T5    Sato, K6    Yokota, A7    Kamitsuji, Y8    Kawata, E9    Ashihara, E10    Nakaya, Y11    Naruoka, H12
  • 24
    • 33748094100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo antiproliferative effect of NS‐187, a dual Bcr‐Abl/Lyn tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on leukemic cells harbouring Abl kinase domain mutations
    • 24 Naito H, Kimura S, Nakaya Y, Naruoka H, Kimura S, Ito S, Wakayama T, Maekawa T, Hirabayashi K. In vivo antiproliferative effect of NS‐187, a dual Bcr‐Abl/Lyn tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on leukemic cells harbouring Abl kinase domain mutations. Leuk Res 2006 ; 30: 1443–6.
    • (2006) Leuk Res , vol.30 , pp. 1443-6
    • Naito, H1    Kimura, S2    Nakaya, Y3    Naruoka, H4    Kimura, S5    Ito, S6    Wakayama, T7    Maekawa, T8    Hirabayashi, K9
  • 25
    • 33847691219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fludarabine‐mediated circumvention of cytarabine resistance is associated with fludarabine triphosphate accumulation in cytarabine‐resistant leukemic cells
    • 25 Yamamoto S, Yamauchi T, Kawai Y, Kishi S, Takemura H, Yoshida A, Urasaki Y, Iwasaki H, Ueda T. Fludarabine‐mediated circumvention of cytarabine resistance is associated with fludarabine triphosphate accumulation in cytarabine‐resistant leukemic cells. Int J Hematol 2007 ; 85: 108–15.
    • (2007) Int J Hematol , vol.85 , pp. 108-15
    • Yamamoto, S1    Yamauchi, T2    Kawai, Y3    Kishi, S4    Takemura, H5    Yoshida, A6    Urasaki, Y7    Iwasaki, H8    Ueda, T9
  • 26
    • 0041760921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced DNA excision repair in CCRF‐CEM cells resistant to 1,3‐bis(2‐chloroethyl)‐1‐nitrosourea, quantitated using the single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay
    • 26 Yamauchi T, Kawai Y, Ueda T. Enhanced DNA excision repair in CCRF‐CEM cells resistant to 1,3‐bis(2‐chloroethyl)‐1‐nitrosourea, quantitated using the single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay. Biochem Pharmacol 2003 ; 66: 939–46.
    • (2003) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.66 , pp. 939-46
    • Yamauchi, T1    Kawai, Y2    Ueda, T3
  • 27
    • 0015246254 scopus 로고
    • A rapid banding technique for human chromosomes
    • 27 Seabright M. A rapid banding technique for human chromosomes. Lancet 1971 ; 2: 971–2.
    • (1971) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 971-2
    • Seabright, M1
  • 28
    • 0141790853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The third‐generation bisphosphonate zoledronate synergistically augments the anti‐Ph+ leukemia activity of imatinib mesylate
    • 28 Kuroda J, Kimura S, Segawa H, Kobayashi Y, Yoshikawa T, Urasaki Y, Ueda T, Enjo F, Tokuda H, Ottmann OG, Maekawa T. The third‐generation bisphosphonate zoledronate synergistically augments the anti‐Ph+ leukemia activity of imatinib mesylate. Blood 2003 ; 102: 2229–35.
    • (2003) Blood , vol.102 , pp. 2229-35
    • Kuroda, J1    Kimura, S2    Segawa, H3    Kobayashi, Y4    Yoshikawa, T5    Urasaki, Y6    Ueda, T7    Enjo, F8    Tokuda, H9    Ottmann, OG10    Maekawa, T11
  • 29
    • 0034911697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotyping single‐nucleotide polymorphisms by the invader assay with dual‐color fluorescence polarization detection
    • 29 Hsu TM, Law SM, Duan S, Neri BP, Kwok PY. Genotyping single‐nucleotide polymorphisms by the invader assay with dual‐color fluorescence polarization detection. Clin Chem 2001 ; 47: 1373–7.
    • (2001) Clin Chem , vol.47 , pp. 1373-7
    • Hsu, TM1    Law, SM2    Duan, S3    Neri, BP4    Kwok, PY5
  • 30
    • 0035179950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA repair initiated in chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes by 4‐hydroperoxycy clophosphamide is inhibited by fludarabine and clofarabine
    • 30 Yamauchi T, Nowak BJ, Keating MJ, Plunkett W. DNA repair initiated in chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes by 4‐hydroperoxycy clophosphamide is inhibited by fludarabine and clofarabine. Clin Cancer Res 2001 ; 7: 3580–9.
    • (2001) Clin Cancer Res , vol.7 , pp. 3580-9
    • Yamauchi, T1    Nowak, BJ2    Keating, MJ3    Plunkett, W4
  • 31
    • 0035123701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complete karyotype characterization of the K562 cell line by combined application of G‐banding, multiplex‐fluorescence in situ hybridization, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and comparative genomic hybridization
    • 31 Naumann S, Reutzel D, Speicher M, Decker HJ. Complete karyotype characterization of the K562 cell line by combined application of G‐banding, multiplex‐fluorescence in situ hybridization, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and comparative genomic hybridization. Leuk Res 2001 ; 25: 313–22.
    • (2001) Leuk Res , vol.25 , pp. 313-22
    • Naumann, S1    Reutzel, D2    Speicher, M3    Decker, HJ4
  • 32
    • 0027169552 scopus 로고
    • Biological properties and growth in SCID mice of a new myelogenous leukemia cell line (KBM‐5) derived from chronic myelogenous leukemia cells in the blastic phase
    • 32 Beran M, Pisa P, O'Brien S, Kurzrock R, Siciliano M, Cork A, Andersson BS, Kohli V, Kantarjian H. Biological properties and growth in SCID mice of a new myelogenous leukemia cell line (KBM‐5) derived from chronic myelogenous leukemia cells in the blastic phase. Cancer Res 1993 ; 53: 3603–10.
    • (1993) Cancer Res , vol.53 , pp. 3603-10
    • Beran, M1    Pisa, P2    O'Brien, S3    Kurzrock, R4    Siciliano, M5    Cork, A6    Andersson, BS7    Kohli, V8    Kantarjian, H9
  • 34
    • 0034254368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selection and characterization of BCR‐ABL positive cell lines with differential sensitivity to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571: diverse mechanisms of resistance
    • 34 Mahon FX, Deininger MW, Schultheis B, Chabrol J, Reiffers J, Goldman JM, Melo JV. Selection and characterization of BCR‐ABL positive cell lines with differential sensitivity to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571: diverse mechanisms of resistance. Blood 2000 ; 96: 1070–9.
    • (2000) Blood , vol.96 , pp. 1070-9
    • Mahon, FX1    Deininger, MW2    Schultheis, B3    Chabrol, J4    Reiffers, J5    Goldman, JM6    Melo, JV7
  • 35
    • 0037108879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization and sensitivity of STI‐571 (imatinib mesylate, Gleevec)‐resistant, Bcr‐Abl‐positive, human acute leukemia cells to SRC kinase inhibitor PD180970 and 17‐allylamino‐17‐demethoxygeldanamycin
    • 35 Nimmanapalli R, O'Bryan E, Huang M, Bali P, Burnette PK, Loughran T, Tepperberg J, Jove R, Bhalla K. Molecular characterization and sensitivity of STI‐571 (imatinib mesylate, Gleevec)‐resistant, Bcr‐Abl‐positive, human acute leukemia cells to SRC kinase inhibitor PD180970 and 17‐allylamino‐17‐demethoxygeldanamycin. Cancer Res 2002 ; 62: 5761–9.
    • (2002) Cancer Res , vol.62 , pp. 5761-9
    • Nimmanapalli, R1    O'Bryan, E2    Huang, M3    Bali, P4    Burnette, PK5    Loughran, T6    Tepperberg, J7    Jove, R8    Bhalla, K9
  • 36
    • 2442465000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Requirement of Src kinases Lyn, Hck and Fgr for BCR‐ABL1‐induced B‐lymphoblastic leukemia but not chronic myeloid leukemia
    • 36 Hu Y, Liu Y, Pelletier S, Buchdunger E, Warmuth M, Fabbro D, Hallek M, Van Etten RA, Li S. Requirement of Src kinases Lyn, Hck and Fgr for BCR‐ABL1‐induced B‐lymphoblastic leukemia but not chronic myeloid leukemia. Nat Genet 2004 ; 36: 453–61.
    • (2004) Nat Genet , vol.36 , pp. 453-61
    • Hu, Y1    Liu, Y2    Pelletier, S3    Buchdunger, E4    Warmuth, M5    Fabbro, D6    Hallek, M7    Van Etten, RA8    Li, S9
  • 37
    • 1242307380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • JAK/STAT, Raf/MEK/ERK, PI3K/Akt and BCR‐ABL in cell cycle progression and leukemogenesis
    • 37 Steelman LS, Pohnert SC, Shelton JG, Franklin RA, Bertrand FE, McCubrey JA. JAK/STAT, Raf/MEK/ERK, PI3K/Akt and BCR‐ABL in cell cycle progression and leukemogenesis. Leukemia 2004 ; 18: 189–218.
    • (2004) Leukemia , vol.18 , pp. 189-218
    • Steelman, LS1    Pohnert, SC2    Shelton, JG3    Franklin, RA4    Bertrand, FE5    McCubrey, JA6
  • 38
    • 14944349510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective regulation of tumor necrosis factor‐induced Erk signaling by Src family kinases and the T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase
    • 38 van Vliet C, Bukczynska PE, Puryer MA, Sadek CM, Shields BJ, Tremblay ML, Tiganis T. Selective regulation of tumor necrosis factor‐induced Erk signaling by Src family kinases and the T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase. Nat Immunol 2005 ; 6: 253–60.
    • (2005) Nat Immunol , vol.6 , pp. 253-60
    • van Vliet, C1    Bukczynska, PE2    Puryer, MA3    Sadek, CM4    Shields, BJ5    Tremblay, ML6    Tiganis, T7
  • 39
    • 31444451032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Src tyrosine kinase inhibitor PP2 suppresses ERK1/2 activation and epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation by X‐irradiation
    • 39 Li Z, Hosoi Y, Cai K, Tanno Y, Matsumoto Y, Enomoto A, Morita A, Nakagawa K, Miyagawa K. Src tyrosine kinase inhibitor PP2 suppresses ERK1/2 activation and epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation by X‐irradiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006 ; 341: 363–8.
    • (2006) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.341 , pp. 363-8
    • Li, Z1    Hosoi, Y2    Cai, K3    Tanno, Y4    Matsumoto, Y5    Enomoto, A6    Morita, A7    Nakagawa, K8    Miyagawa, K9
  • 40
    • 34247094761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Src signaling regulates completion of abscission in cytokinesis through ERK/MAPK activation at the midbody
    • 40 Kasahara K, Nakayama Y, Nakazato Y, Ikeda K, Kuga T, Yamaguchi N. Src signaling regulates completion of abscission in cytokinesis through ERK/MAPK activation at the midbody. J Biol Chem 2007 ; 282: 5327–39.
    • (2007) J Biol Chem , vol.282 , pp. 5327-39
    • Kasahara, K1    Nakayama, Y2    Nakazato, Y3    Ikeda, K4    Kuga, T5    Yamaguchi, N6
  • 41
    • 0031751761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitogen‐activated protein kinase‐dependent and protein kinase C‐dependent pathways link the m1 muscarinic receptor to β‐amyloid precursor protein secretion
    • 41 Haring R, Fisher A, Marciano D, Pittel Z, Kloog Y, Zuckerman A, Eshhar N, Heldman E. Mitogen‐activated protein kinase‐dependent and protein kinase C‐dependent pathways link the m1 muscarinic receptor to β‐amyloid precursor protein secretion. J Neurochem 1998 ; 71: 2094–103.
    • (1998) J Neurochem , vol.71 , pp. 2094-103
    • Haring, R1    Fisher, A2    Marciano, D3    Pittel, Z4    Kloog, Y5    Zuckerman, A6    Eshhar, N7    Heldman, E8


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.