Role of ureolytic activity in Bacillus cereus nitrogen metabolism and acid survival

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Volumn 74, Issue 8, 2008, Pages 2370-2378

  Mols, Maarten ^a,b   Abee, Tjakko ^a,b  

^a TOP INSTITUTE FOOD AND NUTRITION   (Netherlands)

^b WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GENES; GROWTH KINETICS; NITROGEN; OXYGEN; UREA;

NITROGEN METABOLISM; UREOLYTIC ACTIVITY;

METABOLISM;

AMMONIA; MESSENGER RNA; NITROGEN; OXYGEN; UREASE;

ACID; BACTERIUM; ENZYME ACTIVITY; GENE EXPRESSION; METABOLISM; NITROGEN; SURVIVAL; UREA;

ARTICLE; BACILLUS CEREUS; BACTERIAL GROWTH; BACTERIAL METABOLISM; BACTERIAL STRAIN; BACTERIAL SURVIVAL; BACTERIUM ISOLATE; ENZYME ACTIVITY; GENE EXPRESSION; HYDROLYSIS; NITROGEN METABOLISM; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PH; RNA TRANSCRIPTION; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION;

ACIDS; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; BACILLUS CEREUS; CULTURE MEDIA; GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING; GLUTAMIC ACID; MICROBIAL VIABILITY; NITROGEN; QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS; RNA, BACTERIAL; RNA, MESSENGER; UP-REGULATION; UREA; UREASE;

BACILLUS CEREUS;

EID: 42349088474     PISSN: 00992240     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02737-07     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Agata, N., M. Ohta, and K. Yokoyama. 2002. Production of Bacillus cereus emetic toxin (cereulide) in various foods. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 73:23-27.
2. Ash, C., and M. D. Collins. 1992. Comparative analysis of 23S ribosomal RNA gene sequences of Bacillus anthracis and emetic Bacillus cereus determined by PCR-direct sequencing. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 73:75-80.
3. Atkinson, M. R., and S. H. Fisher. 1991. Identification of genes and gene products whose expression is activated during nitrogen-limited growth in Bacillus subtilis. J. Bacteriol. 173:23-27.
4. Bennik, M. H. J., E. J. Smid, F. M. Rombouts, and L. G. M. Gorris. 1995. Growth of psyehrotrophic foodborne pathogens in a solid surface model system under the influence of carbon dioxide and oxygen. Food Microbiol. 12:509-519.
5. Berg, G., L. Eberl, and A. Hartmann. 2005. The rhizosphere as a reservoir for opportunistic human pathogenic bacteria. Environ. Microbiol. 7:1673-1685.
6. Buono, F., R. Testa, and D. G. Lundgren. 1966. Physiology of growth and sporulation in Bacillus cereus. I. Effect of glutamic and other amino acids. J. Bacteriol. 91:2291-2299.
7. Carlsson, J., J. Bergstrom, and B. Pehrson. 1995. Variations with breed, age, season, yield, stage of lactation and herd in the concentration of urea in bulk milk and individual cow's milk. Acta Vet. Scand. 36:245-254.
8. Chen, Y. Y., C. A. Weaver, and R. A. Burne. 2000. Dual functions of Streptococcus salivarius urease. J. Bacteriol. 182:4667-4669.
9. Choma, C., M. H. Guinebretiere, F. Carlin, P. Schmitt, P. Velge, P. E. Granum, and C. Nguyen-The. 2000. Prevalence, characterization and growth of Bacillus cereus in commercial cooked chilled foods containing vegetables. J. Appl. Microbiol. 88:617-625.
10. Collins, C. M., and S. E. D'Orazio. 1993. Bacterial ureases: structure, regulation of expression and role in pathogenesis. Mol. Microbiol. 9:907-913.
11. Cotter, P. D., and C. Hill. 2003. Surviving the acid test: responses of gram-positive bacteria to low pH. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 67:429-453.
12. Cruz-Ramos, H., P. Glaser, L. V. Wray, Jr., and S. H. Fisher. 1997. The Bacillus subtilis ureABC operon. J. Bacteriol. 179:3371-3373.
13. Dawes, C., and G. H. Dibdin. 2001. Salivary concentrations of urea released from a chewing gum containing urea and how these affect the urea content of gel-stabilized plaques and their pH after exposure to sucrose. Caries Res. 35:344-353.
14. de Koning-Ward, T. F., and R. M. Robins-Browne. 1997. A novel mechanism of urease regulation in Yersinia enterocolitica. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 147:221-226.
15. Ehling-Schulz, M., B. Svensson, M. H. Guinebretiere, T. Lindback, M. Andersson, A. Schulz, M. Fricker, A. Christiansson, P. E. Granum, E. Martlbauer, C. Nguyen-The, M. Salkinoja-Salonen, and S. Scherer. 2005. Emetic toxin formation of Bacillus cereus is restricted to a single evolutionary lineage of closely related strains. Microbiology 151:183-197.
16. Finlay, W. J., N. A. Logan, and A. D. Sutherland. 2002. Bacillus cereus emetic toxin production in cooked rice. Food Microbiol. 19:431-439.
17. Frankland, G. C., and P. F. Frankland. 1887. Studies on some new microorganisms obtained from air. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 178:257-287.
18. Ghosh, A. C. 1978. Prevalence of Bacillus cereus in the faeces of healthy adults. J. Hyg. 80:233-236.
19. Granum, P. E., S. Brynestad, and J. M. Kramer. 1993. Analysis of enterotoxin production by Bacillus cereus from dairy products, food poisoning incidents and non-gastrointestinal infections. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 17:269-279.
20. Granum, P. E., and T. Lund. 1997. Bacillus cereus and its food poisoning toxins. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 157:223-228.
21. Haggblom, M. M., C. Apetroaie, M. A. Andersson, and M. S. Salkinoja-Salonen. 2002. Quantitative analysis of cereulide, the emetic toxin of Bacillus cereus, produced under various conditions. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68:2479-2483.
22. Jahns, T., A. Zobel, D. Kleiner, and H. Kaltwasser. 1988. Evidence for carrier-mediated, energy-dependent uptake of urea in some bacteria. Arch. Microbiol. 149:377-383.
23. Kotiranta, A., K. Lounatmaa, and M. Haapasalo. 2000. Epidemiology and pathogenesis of Bacillus cereus infections. Microbes Infect. 2:189-198.
24. Lechner, S., R. Mayr, K. P. Francis, B. M. Pruss, T. Kaplan, E. Wiessner-Gunkel, G. S. Stewart, and S. Scherer. 1998. Bacillus weihenstephanensis sp. nov. is a new psychrotolerant species of the Bacillus cereus group. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 48:1373-1382.
25. Lee, A., J. Fox, and S. Hazell. 1993. Pathogenicity of Helicobacter pylori: a perspective. Infect. Immun. 61:1601-1610.
26. Luxananil, P., H. Atomi, S. Panyim, and T. Imanaka. 2001. Isolation of bacterial strains colonizable in mosquito larval guts as novel host cells for mosquito control. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 92:342-345.
27. Mackay, E. M., and L. L. Mackay. 1927. The concentration of urea in the blood of normal individuals. J. Clin. Investig. 4:295-306.
28. Midura, T., M. Gerber, R. Wood, and A. R. Leonard. 1970. Outbreak of food poisoning caused by Bacillus cereus. Public Health Rep. 85:45-48.
29. Mobley, H. L., and R. P. Hausinger. 1989. Microbial ureases: significance, regulation, and molecular characterization. Microbiol. Rev. 53:85-108.
30. Mols, M., M. de Been, M. H. Zwietering, R. Moezelaar, and T. Abee. 2007. Metabolic capacity of Bacillus cereus strains ATCC 14579 and ATCC 10987 interlinked with comparative genomics. Environ. Microbiol. 9:2933-2944.
31. Neblett, T. R. 1976. Use of droplet plating method and cystine-lactose-lactng electrolyte-deficient medium in routine quantitative urine culturing procedure. J. Clin. Microbiol. 4:296-305.
32. Neithercut, W. D., A. M. el Nujumi, and K. E. McColl. 1993. Measurement of urea and ammonium concentrations in gastric juice. J. Clin. Pathol. 46:462-464.
33. Pfaffl, M. W., G. W. Horgan, and L. Dempfle. 2002. Relative expression software tool (REST) for group-wise comparison and statistical analysis of relative expression results in real-time PCR. Nucleic Acids Res. 30:e36.
34. Rasko, D. A., J. Ravel, O. A. Okstad, E. Helgason, R. Z. Cer, L. Jiang, K. A. Shores, D. E. Fouts, N. J. Tourasse, S. V. Angiuoli, J. Kolonay, W. C. Nelson, A. B. Kolsto, C. M. Fraser, and T. D. Read. 2004. The genome sequence of Bacillus cereus ATCC 10987 reveals metabolic adaptations and a large plasmid related to Bacillus anthracis pXO1. Nucleic Acids Res. 32:977-988.
35. Rasko, D. A., M. J. Rosovitz, O. A. Okstad, D. E. Fouts, L. Jiang, R. Z. Cer, A. B. Kolsto, S. R. Gill, and J. Ravel. 2007. Complete sequence analysis of novel plasmids from emetic and periodontal Bacillus cereus isolates reveals a common evolutionary history among the B. cereus-group plasmids, including Bacillus anthracis pXO1. J. Bacteriol. 189:52-64.
36. Rosenquist, H., L. Smidt, S. R. Andersen, G. B. Jensen, and A. Wilcks. 2005. Occurrence and significance of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis in ready-to-eat food. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 250:129-136.
37. Sissons, C. H., H. E. Perinpanayagam, E. M. Hancock, and T. W. Cutress. 1990. pH regulation of urease levels in Streptococcus salivarius. J. Dent. Res. 69:1131-1137.
38. Soriano, A., G. J. Colpas, and R. P. Hausinger. 2000. UreE stimulation of GTP-dependent urease activation in the UreD-UreF-UreG-urease apoprotein complex. Biochemistry 39:12435-12440.
39. Spira, W. M., and J. M. Goepfert. 1975. Biological characteristics of an enterotoxin produced by Bacillus cereus. Can. J. Microbiol. 21:1236-1246.
40. Stenfors, L. P., and P. E. Granum. 2001. Psychrotolerant species from the Bacillus cereus group are not necessarily Bacillus weihenstephanensis. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 197:223-228.
41. Sumner, J. B. 1926. The isolation and crystallization of the enzyme urease. J. Biol. Chem. 69:435-441.
42. Tsuda, M., M. Karita, M. G. Morshed, K. Okita, and T. Nakazawa. 1994. A urease-negative mutant of Helicobacter pylori constructed by allelic exchange mutagenesis lacks the ability to colonize the nude mouse stomach. Infect. Immun. 62:3586-3589.
43. Turnbull, P. C. 1981. Bacillus cereus toxins. Pharmacol. Ther. 13:453-505.
44. B of Bacillus cereus: response to stress and role in heat adaptation. J. Bacteriol. 186:316-325.
45. B activity in Bacillus cereus. J. Bacteriol. 187:5846-5851.
46. Vilain, S., Y. Luo, M. B. Hildreth, and V. S. Brozel. 2006. Analysis of the life cycle of the soil saprophyte Bacillus cereus in liquid soil extract and in soil. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72:4970-4977.
47. Wijnands, L. M., J. B. Dufrenne, M. H. Zwietering, and F. M. van Leusden. 2006. Spores from mesophilic Bacillus cereus strains germinate better and grow faster in simulated gastro-intestinal conditions than spores from psychrotrophic strains. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 112:120-128.
48. Williams, C. L., T. Preston, M. Hossack, C. Slater, and K. E. McColl. 1996. Helicobacter pylori utilises urea for amino acid synthesis. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 13:87-94.
49. Wray, L. V., Jr., A. E. Ferson, and S. H. Fisher. 1997. Expression of the Bacillus subtilis ureABC operon is controlled by multiple regulatory factors including CodY, GlnR, TnrA, and Spo0H. J. Bacteriol. 179:5494-5501.
50. Young, G. M., D. Amid, and V. L. Miller. 1996. A bifunctional urease enhances survival of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica and Morganella morganii at low pH. J. Bacteriol. 178:6487-6495.