Effect of supplementation with MgCO3 and l-Tryptophan on the welfare and on the carcass and meat quality of two halothane pig genotypes (NN and nn)

Livestock Science

Volumn 115, Issue 2-3, 2008, Pages 107-117

  Panella Riera, N ^a   Dalmau, A ^a   Fabrega E ^a   Font i Furnols, M ^a   Gispert, M ^a   Tibau, J ^a   Soler, J ^a   Velarde, A ^a   Oliver, M A ^a   Gil, M ^a  

^a IRTA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Animal welfare; Carbon dioxide; Halothane gene; Magnesium; Pig; Tryptophan

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; SUIDAE;

EID: 42149146720     PISSN: 18711413     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2007.06.014     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Adeola O., and Ball R.O. Hypothalamic neurotransmitter concentrations and meat quality in stressed pigs offered excess dietary tryptophan and tyrosine. J. Anim. Sci. 70 (1992) 1888-1894
2. Apple J.K., Maxwell C.V., de Rodas B., Watson H.B., and Johnson Z.B. Effect of magnesium mica on performance and carcass quality of growing-finishing swine. J. Anim. Sci. 78 (2000) 2135-2143
3. Caine W.R., Schaefer L.A., Aalhus J.L., and Dugan M.E.R. Behaviour, growth performance and pork quality of pigs differing in porcine stress syndrome genotype receiving dietary magnesium aspartate hydrochloride. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 80 (2000) 175-182
4. CIE, 1976. Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage. Colorimetry. Vienna, Austria, Bureau Central de la CIE. Publication no. 15.
5. Cortamira N.O., Sève B., Lebreton Y., and Gainer P. Effect of dietary tryptophan on muscle, liver and whole-body protein synthesis in weaned piglets: relationship to plasma insulin. Br. J. Nutr. 66 (1991) 423-435
6. De Smet S.M., Pauwels H., de Bie S., Demeyer D.I., Callewier J., and Eeckhout W. Effect of halothane genotype, breed, feed withdrawal, and lairage on pork quality of Belgian slaughter pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 74 (1996) 1854-1863
7. D'Souza D.N., Warner R.D., Leury B.J., and Dunshea F.R. The effect of dietary magnesium aspartate supplementation on pork quality. J. Anim. Sci. 76 (1998) 104-109
8. Dodman N.H. Observations on the use of Wernberg dip-lift carbon dioxide apparatus for pre-slaughter anaesthesia of pigs. Br. Vet. J. 133 (1977) 71-80
9. EFSA. Welfare aspects of animal stunning and killing methods. Scientific report of the scientific panel for animal health and welfare on a request from the commission related to welfare aspects of animal stunning and killing methods. Question no. EFSA-Q-2003-093. Accepted on the 15th on June 2004. Available on 14/12/06 at URL: (2004). http://www.efsa.eu.int/science/ahaw/ahaw_opinions/495/opinion_ahaw_02_ej 45_stunning_report_v2_en1.pdf
10. Ertbjerg P., Henckel P., Karlsoon A., Larsen L.M., and Moller A.J. Combined effect of epinephrine and exercise on calpain/calpastatin and catheptin B and L activity in porcine Longissimus muscle. J. Anim. Sci. 77 (1999) 2428-2436
11. Etherington D.J., and Wardale R.J. The mononuclear cell population in rat leg muscle: its contribution to the lysosomal enzyme activities of whole muscle extracts. J. Cell Sci. 58 (1982) 139-148
12. Etherington D.J., Taylor M.A.J., Wakefield D.K., Cousins A., and Dransfield E. Proteinase (cathepsine B, D, L and calpains) levels and conditioning rates in normal, electrically stimulated and high-ultimate pH chicken muscle. Meat Sci. 28 (1990) 99-109
13. Fàbrega E., Diestre A., Carrión D., Font J., and Manteca X. Effect of the halothane gene on pre-slaughter mortality in two Spanish commercial pig abattoirs. Anim. Welf. 11 (2002) 449-452
14. Fernstrom J.D., and Wurtman R.J. Brain-serotonin content: physiological dependence on plasma tryptophan levels. Science 173 (1971) 149-152
15. Forslid A. Muscle spasms during pre-slaughter CO2-anaesthesia in pigs. Fleisch. 72 (1992) 167-168
16. Frederick B., van Heugten E., Hanson D.J., and See M.T. Effects of supplemental magnesium concentration of drinking water on pork quality. J. Anim. Sci. 84 (2006) 185-190
17. Fujii J., Otsu K., Zorzato F., Leon S.D., Khanna V.K., Weiler J.E., O'Brien P.J., and Maclennan D.H. Identification of a mutation in porcine ryanodine receptor associated with malignant hyperthermia. Science 253 (1991) 448-451
18. Gispert M., and Diestre A. Classification of pig carcasses in Spain: a step towards harmonization in the European Community. Tecni-Porc 17 (1994) 29-32
19. Gispert M., Guàrdia M.D., and Diestre A. La mortalidad durante el transporte y la espera en porcinos destinados al sacrificio. Eurocarne 45 (1996) 73-79
20. Gispert M., Valero A., Oliver M.A., and Diestre A. Problemas asociados a la falta de grasa en las canales porcinas. Eurocarne 61 (1997) 27-32
21. Gispert M., Guardia M.D., and Diestre A. La calidad de la carne porcina. Anaporc 200 (2000) 76-80
22. Gispert M., Faucitano L., Oliver M.A., Guardia M.D., Coll C., Siggens K., Harvey K., and Diestre A. A survey of pre-slaughter conditions, halothane gene frequency and carcass and meat quality in five Spanish pig commercial abattoirs. Meat Sci. 55 (2000) 97-106
23. Grandin T. The effect of stress on livestock and meat quality prior to an during slaughter. Int. J. Study Anim. Probl. 1 3 (1980) 313
24. Guzik A.C., Matthews J.O., Kerr B.J., Bidner T.D., and Southern L.L. Dietary tryptophan effects on plasma and salivary cortisol and meat quality in pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 84 (2006) 2251-2259
25. Hamilton D.N., Ellis M., Hemann M.D., McKeith F.K., Miller K.D., and Purser K.W. The impact of longissimus glycolytic potential and short-term feeding of magnesium sulphate heptahydrate prior to slaughter on carcass characteristics and pork quality. J. Anim. Sci. 80 (2002) 1586-1592
26. Henry Y., Sève B., Mounier A., and Ganier P. Growth performance and brain neureotransmitters in pigs as affected by tryptophan, protein and sex. J. Anim. Sci. 74 (1996) 2700-2710
27. Hernández P., Zomeño L., Ariño B., and Blasco A. Antioxidant, lipolytic and proteolytic enzyme activities in pork meat from different genotypes. Meat Sci. 66 (2004) 525-529
28. Honikel K.O. Reference methods supported by OECD and their use in Mediterranean meat products. Food Chem. 54 4 (1996) 573-582
29. Honkavaara M. Influence of PSE pork on the quality and economics of cooked, cured ham and fermented dry sausage manufacture. Meat Sci. 24 (1988) 201-207
30. Jensen P., and Barton-Gade P.A. Performance and carcass characteristics with known genotypes for halothane susceptibility. In: Ludvigsen J.B. (Ed). Stress Susceptibility and Meat Quality in Pigs. European Association of Animal Production Publication vol. 33 (1985) 80-87
31. Kietzmann M., and Jablonski H. Blocking of stress in swine with magnesium aspartate hydrochloride. Prakt. Tierz. 661 (1985) 331
32. Lambooij E., Gerritzen M.A., Engel B., Hillebrand S.J.W., Lankhaar J., and Pieterse C. Behavioural responses during exposure of broiler chickens to different gas mixtures. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 62 (1999) 255-265
33. Laver D.R., Owen V.J., Junankar P.R., Taske N.L., Dulhunty A.F., and Lamb G.D. Reduced inhibitory effect of Mg+ on ryanodine receptor-Ca+ release channels in malignant hyperthermia. Biophys. J. 73 (1997) 1913-1924
34. Leathwood P.D. Tryptophan availability and serotonin synthesis. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 46 1 (1987) 143-156
35. Li Y.Z., Kerr B.J., Kidd M.T., and Gonyou H.W. Use of supplementary tryptophan to modify the behaviour of pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 84 (2006) 212-220
36. Lowry O.H., Rosebrough N.J., Farr A.L., and Randall R.J. Protein measurement with the folin-phenol reagents. J. Biol. Chem. 193 (1951) 265-275
37. Moelich E.I., Hoffman L.C., and Conradie P.J. Sensory and functional meat quality characteristics of pork derived from three halothane genotypes. Meat Sci. 63 (2003) 333-338
38. Moesgaard B., Larsen I.E., Quistorff B., Therkelsen I., Christensen V.G., and Jorgensen P.F. Effect of dietary magnesium on post mortem phosphocreatine utilization in skeletal muscle of swine: a non-invasive study using 31P-NMR spectroscopy. Acta Vet. Scand. 34 (1993) 397-404
39. Murray A.C., Jones S.D.M., and Sather A.P. The effect of preslaughter feed restriction and genotype for stress susceptibility on pork lean quality and composition. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 69 (1989) 83-91
40. Oliver M.A., Gispert M., and Diestre A. The effects of breed and halothane sensitivity on pig meat quality. Meat Sci. 35 (1993) 105-118
41. Oliver M.A., Gispert M., Coll C., Guardia M.D., and Diestre A. Incidencia de carne PSE y DFD en canales comerciales de cerdo en cinco mataderos españoles: influencia de factores antes del sacrificio. Eurocarne 100 (2001) 101-109
42. Panella N., Font-i-Furnols M., Tibau J., Soler J., Oliver M.A., and Gil M. Effect of pig genotype and magnesium - tryptophan supplemented diets on the meat sensorial attributes and textural properties. 51st International Congress of Meat Science and Technology, Baltimore, Maryland USA (2005)
43. Peeters E., Neyt A., Beckers F., Smet S.M.D., Aubert A.E., and Geers R. Influence of supplemental magnesium, tryptophan, vitamin C, and vitamin E on stress responses of pigs to vibration. J. Anim. Sci. 83 (2005) 1568-1580
44. Peppel P., and Anton F. Responses of rat medullary dorsal horn neurons following intranasal noxious chemical stimulation: effects of stimulus, intensity, duration, and interstimulus interval. J. Neurophysiol. 70 (1993) 2260-2274
45. Plastow G.S., Carrión D., Gil M., Garcia-Regueiro J.A., Font-i-Furnols M., Gispert M., Oliver M.A., Velarde A., Guardia M.D., Hortós M., Rius M.A., Sárraga C., Díaz I., Valero A., Sosnicki A., Klont R., Dornan S., Wilkinson J.M., Evans G., Sargent C., Davey G., Connolly D., Houeix B., Maltin C.M., Hayes H.E., Anandavijayan V., Foury A., Geverink N., Cairns M., Tilley R.E., Mormède P., and Blott S.C. Quality pork genes and meat production. Meat Sci. 70 3 (2005) 409-421
46. Raj A.B.M., and Gregory N.G. Welfare implications of the gas stunning of pigs 1. Determination of aversion to the initial inhalation of carbon dioxide or argon. Anim. Welf. 4 (1995) 273-280
47. Raj A.B.M., and Gregory N.G. Welfare implications of the gas stunning of pigs 2. Stress of induction of anaesthesia. Anim. Welf. 5 (1996) 71-78
48. Rosenvold K., and Andersen H.J. Factors of significance for pork quality-a review. Meat Sci. 64 (2003) 219-237
49. SAS. SAS for Windows Release v.8.2 (2001), SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina, USA
50. Schaefer A.L., Doornenba H., Tong A.K.W., Murray A.C., and Sather A.P. Effect of time off feed on blood acid-base homeostasis in pigs differing in their reaction to halothane. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 67 (1987) 427-436
51. Schaefer A.L., Murray A.C., Tong A.K.W., Jones S.D.M., and Sather A.P. The effect of antemortem electrolyte therapy on animal physiology and meat quality in pigs segregating and the halothane gene. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 73 (1993) 231-240
52. Velarde A., Gispert M., Faucitano L., Alonso P., Manteca X., and Diestre A. Effects of the stunning procedure and the halothane genotype on meat quality and incidence of haemorrhages in pigs. Meat Sci. 58 (2001) 313-319
53. Velarde, A., Cruz, J., Gispert, M., Carrión, D., de la Torre, L.R., Diestre, A., Manteca, X., in press. Aversion to carbon dioxide stunning in pigs: effect of the carbon dioxide concentration and the halothane genotype. Anim. Welf.