Numerical simulation of bright white multilayer organic light-emitting

Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering

Volumn 6655, Issue , 2007, Pages

  Chena, Mei Ling ^a   Yang, Cheng Hong ^a   Wen, Chien Yang ^a   Chang, Shu Hsuan ^a   Kuo, Yen Kuang ^a  

^a NATIONAL CHANGHUA UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

Doping; Numerical simulation; OLED; White light

Indexed keywords

COLOR; COMPUTER SIMULATION; ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES; LIGHT EMISSION; MULTILAYERS;

COLOR FILTER; ELECTRONIC PERFORMANCE; WHITE LIGHT;

ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODES (OLED);

EID: 42149145500     PISSN: 0277786X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: 10.1117/12.734159     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (39)

1. C. W. Tang and S. A. VanSlyke, "Organic electroluminescent diodes," Appl. Phys. Lett. 51, 913-915 (1987).
2. J. H. Burroughes, D. D. C. Bradley, A. R. Brown, R. N. Marks, K. Mackay, R. H. Friend, P. L. Burns and A. B. Holmes, "Light-emitting diodes based on conjugated polymers," Nature 347, 539-541 (1990).
3. S.-H. Yang, M.-H. Liu, and Y.-K. Su, "Stable and highly bright white organic light-emitting diode based on 4,4',4"-trisN-3-methylphenyl-N -phenyl-amino) -triphenylamine," J. Appl. Phys. 100, 083111 (2006).
4. Y. M. Kim, Y. W. Park, J. H. Choi, B. K. Ju, J. H. Jung, and J. K. Kim, "Spectral broadening in electroluminescence of white organic light-emitting diodes based on complementary colors," Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 033506 (2007).
5. 3," IEEE Electron Device Lett. 11, 558-560 (2006).
6. J. H. Seo, J. H. Seo, J. H. Park, Y. K. Kim, J. H. Kim, G. W. Hyung, K. H. Lee, and S. S. Yoon, "Highly efficient white organic light-emitting diodes using two emitting materials for three primary colors (red, green, and blue)," Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 203507 (2007).
7. W. C. Shen, Y. K. Su, and L. W. Ji, "High bright white organic light-emitting diode based on mixing orange and blue emission," J. Crystal Growth 293, 48-51 (2006).
8. C. W. Ko and Y. T. Tao, "Bright white organic light-emitting diode," Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 4234-4236, (2001).
9. C. H. Chuen and Y. T. Tao, "Highly-bright white organic light-emitting diodes based on a single emission layer," Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 4499-4501 (2002).
10. G. Cheng, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhao, Y. Lin, C. Ruan, S. Liu, T. Fei, Y. Ma, and Y. Cheng, "White organic light-emitting devices with a phosphorescent multiple emissive layer," Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 043504 (2006).
11. H.-L. Kwong, C.-S. Lee, and S.-T. Lee, "High-efficiency nondoped white organic light-emitting devices," Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 023503 (2007).
12. Y. G. Lee, I. S. Kee, H. S. Shim, I. H. Ko, S. Lee and K. H. Koh, "White organic light-emitting devices with mixed interfaces between light emitting layers," Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 243508 (2007).
13. S. L. Lai, M. Y. Chan, M. K. Fung, C. S. Lee, and S. T. Lee, "Efficiency enhancement and voltage reduction in white organic light-emitting devices," Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 203510, (2007).
14. Y. Shao and Y. Yang, "White organic light-emitting diodes prepared by a fused organic solid solution method," Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 073510 (2005).
15. J. W. Han and C. M. Lee, "Red organic light-emitting devices with dotted-line doped emitting layers," Solid State Communications 141, 332-335 (2007).
16. C. Qiu, H. Chen, M. Wong, H. S. Kwok, "Dopant emission mechanism and the effects of host materials on the behavior of doped organic light-emitting diodes," IEEE Trans. Electr. Dev. 49, 1540-1544 (2002).
17. E. Tutis, M. N. Bussac, B. Masenelli, M. Carrard, and L. Zuppiroli, "Numerical model for organic light-emitting diodes," J. Appl. Lett. 89, 430-439 (2002).
18. S. J. Martin, A. B. Walker, A. J. Campbell, and D. D. C. Bradley, "Electrical transport characteristics of single-layer organic devices from theory and experiment," J. Appl. Phys. 98, 063709 (2005).
19. J. Staudigel,M. Stößel, F. Steuber, J. Simmerer, "A quantitative numerical model of multilayer vapor-deposited organic light emitting diodes," J. Appl. Phys. 86, 3895-3910 (1999).
20. C. D. J. Blades, A. B. Walker, "Simulation of organic light-emitting diodes," Synthetic Metals, 111, 335-340 (2000).
21. W. Brutting, S. Berleb, and A. G. Muckl, "Device physics of organic light-emitting diodes based on molecular materials," Organic Electron. 1, 1-36 (2001).
22. Y. Preezant and N. Tessler, "Self-consistent analysis of the contact phenomena in low-mobility semiconductors," J. Appl. Phys. 93, 2059-2064 (2003).
23. U. Albrecht and H. Bassler, "Efficiency of charge recombination in organic light emitting diodes," Chem. Phys. 199, 207-214 (1995).
24. N. K. Patel, S. Cinà, and J. H. Burroughes, "High-efficiency organic light-emitting diodes," IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron. 8, 346-361 (2002).
25. B. K. Crone, I. H. Campbell, P. S. Davids, D. L. Smith, C. J. Neef, and J. P. Ferraris, "Device physics of single layer organic light-emitting diodes," J. Appl. Phys. 86, 5767-5774 (1999).
26. J. M. Leger, S. A. Carter, B. Ruhstaller, H.-G. Nothofer, U. Scherf, H. Tillman, and H.-H. Horhold, "Thickness-dependent changes in the optical properties of PPV- and PF-based polymer light emitting diodes," Phys. Rev. B 68, 054209 (2003).
27. P. E. Burrows, Z. Shen, V. Bulovic, D. M. McCarty, S. R. Forrest, J. A. Cronin, and M. E. Thompson, "Relationship between electroluminescence and current transport in organic heterojunction light-emitting devices," J. Appl. Phys. 79, 7991-8006 (1996).
28. I. Vragovic1, R. Scholz1, and M. Schreiber, "Model calculation of the optical properties of 3, 4, 9, 10-perylene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride (PTCDA) thin films," Europhys. Lett. 57 (2), 288-294, (2002)
29. M. Hoffmann, K. Schmidt, T. Fritz, T. Hasche, V. M. Agranovich, and K. Leo, "The lowest energy Frenkel and charge-transfer excitons in quasi-one-dimensional structures: application to MePTCDI and PTCDA crystals," Chem. Phys. 258, 73-96 (2000).
30. M. H. Hennessy, Z. G. Soos, R. A. Pascal, Jr., and A. Girlando, "Vibronic structure of PTCDA stacks: the exciton-phonon-charge-transfer dimer," Chem. Phys. 245, 199-212 (1999).
31. S. Y. Park, C. H. Lee, W. J. Song, and C. Seoul, "Enhanced electron injection in organic light-emitting devices using Al/LiF electrodes," Current Appl. Phys. 1, 116-120 (2001).
32. B. Ruhstaller, S. A. Carter, S. Barth, H. Riel, W. Riess, and J. C. Scott, "Transient and steady-state behavior of space charges in multilayer organic light-emitting diodes," J. Appl. Phys. 89, 4575-4586 (2001).
33. S. J. Martin, G. L. B. Verschoor, M. A. Webster, and A. B. Walker, "The internal electric field distribution in bilayer organic light emitting diodes," Organic Electron. 3, 129-141 (2002).
34. Liu Zugang and Helena Nazaré, "White organic light-emitting diodes emitting from both hole and electron transport layers," Synthetic Metals 111-112, 47-51 (2000).
35. M. Stössel, J. Staudigel, F. Steuber, J. Simmerer, and A. Winnacker, "Impact of the cathode metal work function on the performance of vacuum-deposited organic light emitting-devices," Appl. Phys. A 68, 387-390 (1999).
36. M. Stößel, J. Staudigel, F. Steuber, J. Blässing, J. Simmerer, A. Winnacker, H. Neuner, D. Metzdorf, H-H. Johannes, and W. Kowalsky, "Electron injection and transport in 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum," Synthetic Metals 111-112, 19-24 (2000).
37. 3 interface in organic light-emitting diodes," Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 2949-2951 (2003).
38. D. Grozea, A. Turak, X. D. Feng, Z. H. Lu, D. Johnson, and R. Wood, "Chemical structure of Al/LiF/Alq interfaces in organic light-emitting diodes," Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 3173-3175 (2002).
39. 3 and LiF with reactive metals," J. Appl. Phys. 89, 2756-2765 (2001).