메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 7, 2008, Pages 2115-2131

Global anthropogenic aerosol effects on convective clouds in ECHAM5-HAM

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL; ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCE; ATMOSPHERIC GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEUS; CLOUD DROPLET; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; CONVECTIVE CLOUD; GREENHOUSE GAS; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; OPTICAL DEPTH; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY);

EID: 42149133079     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-8-2115-2008     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (57)

References (62)
  • 1
    • 11144232674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of humidity above stratiform clouds on indirect climate forcing
    • Ackerman, A. S., Kirkpatrick, M. P., Stevens, D. E., and Toon, O. B.: The impact of humidity above stratiform clouds on indirect climate forcing, Nature, 432, 1014-1017, 2004.
    • (2004) Nature , vol.432 , pp. 1014-1017
    • Ackerman, A.S.1    Kirkpatrick, M.P.2    Stevens, D.E.3    Toon, O.B.4
  • 3
    • 33646343209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cui, Z. Q., Carslaw, K. S., Yin, Y., and Davies, S.: A numerical study of aerosol effects on the dynamics and microphysics of a deep convective cloud in a continental environment, J. Geophys. Res., 111, doi: 10.1029/2005JD005981, d05201, 2006.
    • Cui, Z. Q., Carslaw, K. S., Yin, Y., and Davies, S.: A numerical study of aerosol effects on the dynamics and microphysics of a deep convective cloud in a continental environment, J. Geophys. Res., 111, doi: 10.1029/2005JD005981, d05201, 2006.
  • 4
    • 35348932768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Will moist convection be stronger in a warmer climate?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, doi: 10.1029/2007GL030
    • Del Genio, A. D., Yao, M.-S., and Jonas, J.: Will moist convection be stronger in a warmer climate?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, doi: 10.1029/2007GL030 525, 116703, 2007.
    • (2007) , vol.525 , pp. 116703
    • Del Genio, A.D.1    Yao, M.-S.2    Jonas, J.3
  • 5
    • 85036931880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Denman, K., Brasseur, G., Chidthaisong, A., Ciais, P., Cox, P., Dickinson, R., Hauglustaine, D., Heinze, C., Holland, E., Jacob, D., Lohmann, U., Ramachandran, S., Silva Dias, P., Wofsy, S., and Zhang, X.: Couplings between changes in the climate system and biogeochemistry, in Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor, and H. L. Miller, pp. 499-588, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 2007.
    • Denman, K., Brasseur, G., Chidthaisong, A., Ciais, P., Cox, P., Dickinson, R., Hauglustaine, D., Heinze, C., Holland, E., Jacob, D., Lohmann, U., Ramachandran, S., Silva Dias, P., Wofsy, S., and Zhang, X.: Couplings between changes in the climate system and biogeochemistry, in Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor, and H. L. Miller, pp. 499-588, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 2007.
  • 6
    • 33749371321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dentener, F., Kinne, S., Bond, T., Boucher, O., Cofala, J., Generoso, S., Ginoux, P., Gong, S., Hoelzemann, J., Ito, A., Marelli, L., Penner, J., Putaud, J.-E., Textor, C., Schulz, M., van der Werf, G., and J., W.: Emissions of primary aerosol and precursor gases in the years 2000 and 1750 prescribed data-sets for AeroCom, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 4321-4344, 2006, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/6/4321/2006/.
    • Dentener, F., Kinne, S., Bond, T., Boucher, O., Cofala, J., Generoso, S., Ginoux, P., Gong, S., Hoelzemann, J., Ito, A., Marelli, L., Penner, J., Putaud, J.-E., Textor, C., Schulz, M., van der Werf, G., and J., W.: Emissions of primary aerosol and precursor gases in the years 2000 and 1750 prescribed data-sets for AeroCom, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 4321-4344, 2006, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/6/4321/2006/.
  • 7
    • 2942599266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear aspects of the climate response to greenhouse gas and aerosol forcing
    • Feichter, J., Roeckner, E., Lohmann, U., and Liepert, B.: Nonlinear aspects of the climate response to greenhouse gas and aerosol forcing, J. Climate, 17, 2384-2398, 2004.
    • (2004) J. Climate , vol.17 , pp. 2384-2398
    • Feichter, J.1    Roeckner, E.2    Lohmann, U.3    Liepert, B.4
  • 8
    • 0030425367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ferraro, R., Weng, F., Grody, N., and Basist, A.: An Eight Year (1987-1994) Time Series of Rainfall, Clouds, Water Vapor, Snow-cover, and Sea-ice Derived from SSM/I Measurements, Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 77, 891-905, 1996.
    • Ferraro, R., Weng, F., Grody, N., and Basist, A.: An Eight Year (1987-1994) Time Series of Rainfall, Clouds, Water Vapor, Snow-cover, and Sea-ice Derived from SSM/I Measurements, Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 77, 891-905, 1996.
  • 9
    • 85036924570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forster, P., Ramaswamy, V., Artaxo, P., Berntsen, T., Betts, R., Fahey, D. W., Haywood, J., Lean, J., Lowe, D. C., Myhre, G., Nganga, J., Prinn, R., Raga, G., Schulz, M., and Van Dorland, R.: Radiative Forcing of Climate Change, in Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor, and H. L. Miller, pp. 129-234, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, and New York, NY, USA, 2007.
    • Forster, P., Ramaswamy, V., Artaxo, P., Berntsen, T., Betts, R., Fahey, D. W., Haywood, J., Lean, J., Lowe, D. C., Myhre, G., Nganga, J., Prinn, R., Raga, G., Schulz, M., and Van Dorland, R.: Radiative Forcing of Climate Change, in Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor, and H. L. Miller, pp. 129-234, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, and New York, NY, USA, 2007.
  • 10
    • 33846496315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a new convective cloud field model: Precipitation over the maritime continent
    • Graf, H. F. and Yang, J.: Evaluation of a new convective cloud field model: precipitation over the maritime continent, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 409-421, 2007, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/7/409/2007/.
    • (2007) Atmos. Chem. Phys , vol.7 , pp. 409-421
    • Graf, H.F.1    Yang, J.2
  • 11
    • 0027835458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Greenwald, T. J., Stephens, G. L., Vonder Haar, T. H., and Jackson, D. L.: A Physical Retrieval of Cloud Liquid Water Over the Global Oceans Using Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) Observations, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 18, 471-18, 488, 1993.
    • Greenwald, T. J., Stephens, G. L., Vonder Haar, T. H., and Jackson, D. L.: A Physical Retrieval of Cloud Liquid Water Over the Global Oceans Using Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) Observations, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 18, 471-18, 488, 1993.
  • 12
    • 85036950803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hahn, C. J., Warren, S. G., and London, J.: Climatological data for clouds over the globe from surface observations, 1982-1991: The total cloud edition, Tech. rep., ORNL/CDIAC-72 NDP-026A Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge Tennessee, U.S.A., 1994.
    • Hahn, C. J., Warren, S. G., and London, J.: Climatological data for clouds over the globe from surface observations, 1982-1991: The total cloud edition, Tech. rep., ORNL/CDIAC-72 NDP-026A Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge Tennessee, U.S.A., 1994.
  • 13
    • 0028193575 scopus 로고
    • Near-Global Survey of Effective Droplet Radii, in Liquid Water Clouds Using ISCCP Data
    • Han, Q., Rossow, W. B., and Lacis, A. A.: Near-Global Survey of Effective Droplet Radii, in Liquid Water Clouds Using ISCCP Data, J. Climate, 7, 465-497, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Climate , vol.7 , pp. 465-497
    • Han, Q.1    Rossow, W.B.2    Lacis, A.A.3
  • 14
    • 0000768251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global Variation of column droplet concentration in low-level clouds
    • Han, Q., Rossow, W. B., Chou, J., and Welch, R.: Global Variation of column droplet concentration in low-level clouds, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1419-1422, 1998.
    • (1998) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.25 , pp. 1419-1422
    • Han, Q.1    Rossow, W.B.2    Chou, J.3    Welch, R.4
  • 16
    • 45749115495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global influence of dust mineralogical composition on heterogeneous ice nucleation in mixed-phase clouds, Environ
    • in press
    • Hoose, C., Lohmann, U., Erdin, R., and Tegen, I.: Global influence of dust mineralogical composition on heterogeneous ice nucleation in mixed-phase clouds, Environ. Res. Lett., in press, 2008.
    • (2008) Res. Lett
    • Hoose, C.1    Lohmann, U.2    Erdin, R.3    Tegen, I.4
  • 17
    • 0032173330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precipitation sensitivity to global warming: Comparison of observations with HadCM2 simulations
    • Hulme, M., Osborn, T. J., and Johns, T. C.: Precipitation sensitivity to global warming: Comparison of observations with HadCM2 simulations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3379-3382, 1998.
    • (1998) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.25 , pp. 3379-3382
    • Hulme, M.1    Osborn, T.J.2    Johns, T.C.3
  • 18
    • 33845658582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jiang, H. L., Xue, H. W., Teller, A., Feingold, G., and Levin, Z.: Aerosol effects on the lifetime of shallow cumulus, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, doi: 10.1029/2006GL026024, 114806, 2006.
    • Jiang, H. L., Xue, H. W., Teller, A., Feingold, G., and Levin, Z.: Aerosol effects on the lifetime of shallow cumulus, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, doi: 10.1029/2006GL026024, 114806, 2006.
  • 19
    • 84864528788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relevance of aerosol optical depth to cumulus fraction changes: A five-year climatology at the ACRF SGP site
    • Kassianov, E. I., Berg, L. K., Flynn, C., and McFarlane, S.: The relevance of aerosol optical depth to cumulus fraction changes: a five-year climatology at the ACRF SGP site, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 7, 11 797-11 837, 2007.
    • (2007) Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss , vol.7
    • Kassianov, E.I.1    Berg, L.K.2    Flynn, C.3    McFarlane, S.4
  • 20
    • 12144277893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of Effects of Atmospheric Aerosols on Deep Turbulent Convective Using a Spectral Microphysics Mixed-Phase Cumulus Cloud Model. Part I: Model Description and Possible Applications
    • Khain, A., Pokrovsky, A., Pinsky, M., Seifert, A., and Phillips, V.: Simulation of Effects of Atmospheric Aerosols on Deep Turbulent Convective Using a Spectral Microphysics Mixed-Phase Cumulus Cloud Model. Part I: Model Description and Possible Applications, J. Aerosol Sci., 61, 2963-2982, 2004.
    • (2004) J. Aerosol Sci , vol.61 , pp. 2963-2982
    • Khain, A.1    Pokrovsky, A.2    Pinsky, M.3    Seifert, A.4    Phillips, V.5
  • 21
    • 25844471433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerosol impact on the dynamics and microphysics of deep convective clouds
    • Khain, A., Rosenfeld, D., and Pokrovsky, A.: Aerosol impact on the dynamics and microphysics of deep convective clouds, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 131, 2639-2663, 2005.
    • (2005) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc , vol.131 , pp. 2639-2663
    • Khain, A.1    Rosenfeld, D.2    Pokrovsky, A.3
  • 22
    • 0035888532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulating convective clouds with sustained supercooled liquid water down to -37.5°C using a spectral microphysics model
    • Khain, A. P., Rosenfeld, D., and Pokrovsky, A.: Simulating convective clouds with sustained supercooled liquid water down to -37.5°C using a spectral microphysics model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 3887-3890, 2001.
    • (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.28 , pp. 3887-3890
    • Khain, A.P.1    Rosenfeld, D.2    Pokrovsky, A.3
  • 23
  • 25
    • 85036951646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinne, S.: Aerosol Direct Radiative Forcing with an AERONET touch, Atmos. Env., subm. to, 2008.
    • Kinne, S.: Aerosol Direct Radiative Forcing with an AERONET touch, Atmos. Env., subm. to, 2008.
  • 26
    • 25444435723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Koren, I., Kaufman, Y. J., Rosenfeld, D., Remer, L. A., and Rudich, Y.: Aerosol invigoration and restructuring of Atlantic convective clodus, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, doi:10.1029/2005GL023 187, 114828, 2005.
    • Koren, I., Kaufman, Y. J., Rosenfeld, D., Remer, L. A., and Rudich, Y.: Aerosol invigoration and restructuring of Atlantic convective clodus, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, doi:10.1029/2005GL023 187, 114828, 2005.
  • 28
    • 85085674751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible aerosol effects on ice clouds via contact nucleation
    • Lohmann, U.: Possible aerosol effects on ice clouds via contact nucleation, J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 647-656, 2002.
    • (2002) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.59 , pp. 647-656
    • Lohmann, U.1
  • 29
    • 0030377126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design and performance of a new cloud microphysics scheme developed for the ECHAM general circulation model
    • Lohmann, U. and Roeckner, E.: Design and performance of a new cloud microphysics scheme developed for the ECHAM general circulation model, Clim. Dyn., 12, 557-572, 1996.
    • (1996) Clim. Dyn , vol.12 , pp. 557-572
    • Lohmann, U.1    Roeckner, E.2
  • 30
    • 0033608921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting the number of cloud droplets in the ECHAM GCM
    • Lohmann, U., Feichter, J., Chuang, C. C., and Penner, J. E.: Predicting the number of cloud droplets in the ECHAM GCM, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 9169-9198, 1999.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res , vol.104 , pp. 9169-9198
    • Lohmann, U.1    Feichter, J.2    Chuang, C.C.3    Penner, J.E.4
  • 31
    • 34547341225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud microphysics and aerosol indirect effects in the global climate model ECHAM5-HAM
    • Lohmann, U., Stier, P., Hoose, C., Ferrachat, S., Kloster, S., Roeckner, E., and Zhang, J.: Cloud microphysics and aerosol indirect effects in the global climate model ECHAM5-HAM, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 3425-3446, 2007, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/7/3425/2007/.
    • (2007) Atmos. Chem. Phys , vol.7 , pp. 3425-3446
    • Lohmann, U.1    Stier, P.2    Hoose, C.3    Ferrachat, S.4    Kloster, S.5    Roeckner, E.6    Zhang, J.7
  • 32
    • 33745698744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The radiative influence of aerosol effects on liquid-phase cumulus and stratiform clouds based on sensitivity studies with two climate models
    • Menon, S. and Rotstayn, L.: The radiative influence of aerosol effects on liquid-phase cumulus and stratiform clouds based on sensitivity studies with two climate models, Climate Dyn., 27, 345-356, 2006.
    • (2006) Climate Dyn , vol.27 , pp. 345-356
    • Menon, S.1    Rotstayn, L.2
  • 34
    • 0038694813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of the global circulation to the suppression of precipitation by anthropogenic aerosols
    • Nober, F. J., Graf, H.-F., and Rosenfeld, D.: Sensitivity of the global circulation to the suppression of precipitation by anthropogenic aerosols, Global Planetary Change, 37, 57-80, 2003.
    • (2003) Global Planetary Change , vol.37 , pp. 57-80
    • Nober, F.J.1    Graf, H.-F.2    Rosenfeld, D.3
  • 35
    • 0004068626 scopus 로고
    • Extended Versions of the Convective Parameterization Scheme at ECMWF and their Impact on the Mean and Transient Activity of the Model in the Tropics
    • Tech. Rep. 206, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
    • Nordeng, T. E.: Extended Versions of the Convective Parameterization Scheme at ECMWF and their Impact on the Mean and Transient Activity of the Model in the Tropics, Tech. Rep. 206, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, 1994.
    • (1994)
    • Nordeng, T.E.1
  • 37
    • 85036946056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randall, D., Wood, R., Bony, S., Colman, R., Fichefet, T., Fyfe, J., Kattsov, V., Pitman, A., Shukla, J., Srinivasan, J., Stouffer, R., Sumi, A., and Tayler, K.: Climate Models and Their Evaluation, in Climate Change 2007: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of working group I to the Forth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor, and H. L. Miller, pp. 589-662, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 2007.
    • Randall, D., Wood, R., Bony, S., Colman, R., Fichefet, T., Fyfe, J., Kattsov, V., Pitman, A., Shukla, J., Srinivasan, J., Stouffer, R., Sumi, A., and Tayler, K.: Climate Models and Their Evaluation, in Climate Change 2007: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of working group I to the Forth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor, and H. L. Miller, pp. 589-662, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 2007.
  • 41
    • 0033569054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TRMM observed first direct evidence of smoke from forest fires inhibiting rainfall
    • Rosenfeld, D.: TRMM observed first direct evidence of smoke from forest fires inhibiting rainfall, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3105-3108, 1999.
    • (1999) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.26 , pp. 3105-3108
    • Rosenfeld, D.1
  • 42
    • 0034713365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deep convective clouds with sustained supercooled liquid water down to -37.5°C
    • Rosenfeld, D. and Woodley, W. L.: Deep convective clouds with sustained supercooled liquid water down to -37.5°C, Nature, 405, 440-442, 2000.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.405 , pp. 440-442
    • Rosenfeld, D.1    Woodley, W.L.2
  • 43
    • 0042323504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances in understanding clouds from ISCCP
    • Rossow, W. B. and Schiffer, R. A.: Advances in understanding clouds from ISCCP, Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 80, 2261-2287, 1999.
    • (1999) Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc , vol.80 , pp. 2261-2287
    • Rossow, W.B.1    Schiffer, R.A.2
  • 44
    • 0036693782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical rainfall trends and the indirect aerosol effect
    • Rotstayn, L. D. and Lohmann, U.: Tropical rainfall trends and the indirect aerosol effect, J. Climate, 15, 2103-2116, 2002.
    • (2002) J. Climate , vol.15 , pp. 2103-2116
    • Rotstayn, L.D.1    Lohmann, U.2
  • 45
    • 0037594725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stratiform rain in the tropics as seen by the TRMM precipitation radar
    • Schumacher, C. and Houze, R. A.: Stratiform rain in the tropics as seen by the TRMM precipitation radar, J. Climate, 16, 1739-1756, 2003.
    • (2003) J. Climate , vol.16 , pp. 1739-1756
    • Schumacher, C.1    Houze, R.A.2
  • 47
    • 33244491917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A two-moment cloud microphysics parameterization for mixed-phase clouds. Part 2: Maritime vs. continental deep convective storms
    • Seifert, A. and Beheng, K. D.: A two-moment cloud microphysics parameterization for mixed-phase clouds. Part 2: Maritime vs. continental deep convective storms, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 92, 67-82, 2006.
    • (2006) Meteorol. Atmos. Phys , vol.92 , pp. 67-82
    • Seifert, A.1    Beheng, K.D.2
  • 48
    • 85036924660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Alley, R. B., Berntsen, T., Bindoff, N. L., Chen, Z., Chidthaisong, A., Gregory, J. M., Hegerl, G. C., Heimann, H., Hewitson, B., Hoskins, B. J., Joos, F., Jouzel, J., Kattsov, V., Lohmann, U., Matsuno, T., Molina, M., Nicholls, N., Overpeck, J., Raga, G., Ramaswamy, V., Ren, J., Rusticucci, M., Somerville, R., Stocker, T. F., Whetton, P., A., W. R., and Wratt, D.: Technical Summary, in Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, T. M., and H. L. Miller, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, and New York, NY, USA, 2007.
    • Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Alley, R. B., Berntsen, T., Bindoff, N. L., Chen, Z., Chidthaisong, A., Gregory, J. M., Hegerl, G. C., Heimann, H., Hewitson, B., Hoskins, B. J., Joos, F., Jouzel, J., Kattsov, V., Lohmann, U., Matsuno, T., Molina, M., Nicholls, N., Overpeck, J., Raga, G., Ramaswamy, V., Ren, J., Rusticucci, M., Somerville, R., Stocker, T. F., Whetton, P., A., W. R., and Wratt, D.: Technical Summary, in Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, T. M., and H. L. Miller, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, and New York, NY, USA, 2007.
  • 51
    • 28044461276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stubenrauch, C. J., Eddounia, F., and Sauvage, L.: Cloud heights from TOVS Path-B: Evaluation using LITE observations and distributions of highest cloud layers, J. Geophys. Res., 110, doi:10.1029/2004JD005 447, d19203, 2005.
    • Stubenrauch, C. J., Eddounia, F., and Sauvage, L.: Cloud heights from TOVS Path-B: Evaluation using LITE observations and distributions of highest cloud layers, J. Geophys. Res., 110, doi:10.1029/2004JD005 447, d19203, 2005.
  • 52
    • 0024927328 scopus 로고
    • Condensation and Cloud Parameterization Studies with a Mesoscale Numerical Weather Prediction Model
    • Sundqvist, H., Berge, E., and Kristiansson, J. E.: Condensation and Cloud Parameterization Studies with a Mesoscale Numerical Weather Prediction Model, Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 1641-1657, 1989.
    • (1989) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.117 , pp. 1641-1657
    • Sundqvist, H.1    Berge, E.2    Kristiansson, J.E.3
  • 54
    • 49249089502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tao, W.-K., Li, X., Khain, A., Matsui, T., Lang, S., and Simpson, J.: Role of atmospheric aerosol concentration on deep convective precipitation: Cloud-resolving model simulations, J. Geophys. Res., 112, doi:10.1029/ 2007JD008728, d24S18, 2007.
    • Tao, W.-K., Li, X., Khain, A., Matsui, T., Lang, S., and Simpson, J.: Role of atmospheric aerosol concentration on deep convective precipitation: Cloud-resolving model simulations, J. Geophys. Res., 112, doi:10.1029/ 2007JD008728, d24S18, 2007.
  • 55
    • 0024907516 scopus 로고
    • A Comprehensive Mass Flux Scheme for Cumulus Parameterization in Large-Scale Models
    • Tiedtke, M.: A Comprehensive Mass Flux Scheme for Cumulus Parameterization in Large-Scale Models, Mon. Weather Rev., 117, 3040-3061, 1989.
    • (1989) Mon. Weather Rev , vol.117 , pp. 3040-3061
    • Tiedtke, M.1
  • 56
    • 33750848618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tost, H., Jockel, P., and Lelieveld, J.: Influence of different convection parameterisations in a GCM, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 5475-5493, 1680-7316, 2006.
    • Tost, H., Jockel, P., and Lelieveld, J.: Influence of different convection parameterisations in a GCM, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 5475-5493, 1680-7316, 2006.
  • 57
    • 33746932441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of nucleating aerosol on Florida convection, Part I: Mesoscale simulations
    • Van den Heever, S., Carrio, G., Cotton, W. R., DeMott, P. J., and Prenni, A. J.: Impacts of nucleating aerosol on Florida convection, Part I: Mesoscale simulations, J. Aerosol. Sci., 63, 1752-1775, 2006.
    • (2006) J. Aerosol. Sci , vol.63 , pp. 1752-1775
    • Van den Heever, S.1    Carrio, G.2    Cotton, W.R.3    DeMott, P.J.4    Prenni, A.J.5
  • 58
    • 0036095969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parameterization of the bulk effects of lateral and cloud-top entrainment in transient shallow cumulus clouds
    • von Salzen, K. and McFarlane, N. A.: Parameterization of the bulk effects of lateral and cloud-top entrainment in transient shallow cumulus clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 1405-1430, 2002.
    • (2002) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.59 , pp. 1405-1430
    • von Salzen, K.1    McFarlane, N.A.2
  • 59
    • 0028585663 scopus 로고
    • Retrieval of cloud liquid water using the special sensor microwave imager (SSM/I)
    • Weng, R and Grody, N. C.: Retrieval of cloud liquid water using the special sensor microwave imager (SSM/I), J. Geophys. Res., 99, 25,535-25,551, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res , vol.99
    • Weng, R.1    Grody, N.C.2
  • 60
    • 0034820197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The response of the climate system to the indirect effects of anthropogenic sulfate aerosols
    • Williams, K. D., Jones, A., Roberts, D. L., Senior, C. A., and Woodage, M. J.: The response of the climate system to the indirect effects of anthropogenic sulfate aerosols, Clim. Dyn., 17, 845-856, 2001.
    • (2001) Clim. Dyn , vol.17 , pp. 845-856
    • Williams, K.D.1    Jones, A.2    Roberts, D.L.3    Senior, C.A.4    Woodage, M.J.5
  • 61
    • 0002547189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of giant cloud condensation nuclei on the development of precipitation in convective clodus - a numerical study
    • Yin, Y., Levin, A., Reisin, T. G., and Tzivion, S.: The effect of giant cloud condensation nuclei on the development of precipitation in convective clodus - a numerical study, Atmos. Res., 53, 91-116, 2000.
    • (2000) Atmos. Res , vol.53 , pp. 91-116
    • Yin, Y.1    Levin, A.2    Reisin, T.G.3    Tzivion, S.4
  • 62
    • 25844487511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zhang, J. H., Lohmann, U., and Stier, P.: A microphysical parameterization for convective clouds in the ECHAM5 climate model: Single-column model results evaluated at the Oklahoma Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program site, J. Geophys. Res., 110, doi:10.1029/2004JD005 128, d15S07, 2005.
    • Zhang, J. H., Lohmann, U., and Stier, P.: A microphysical parameterization for convective clouds in the ECHAM5 climate model: Single-column model results evaluated at the Oklahoma Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program site, J. Geophys. Res., 110, doi:10.1029/2004JD005 128, d15S07, 2005.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.