Breaking the cloud parameterization deadlock

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

Volumn 84, Issue 11, 2003, Pages

  Randall, David ^a   Khairoutdinov, Marat ^a   Arakawa, Akio ^b   Grabowski, Wojciech ^c  

^a Engineering Research Center and Hydraulics Laboratory   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

SUPERPARAMETERIZATION; WAVE DISTURBANCES;

CLIMATE CHANGE; COMPUTER SIMULATION; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; OSCILLATIONS; PARALLEL PROCESSING SYSTEMS; PARAMETER ESTIMATION; RELIABILITY;

CLOUDS;

EID: 0141956622     PISSN: 00030007     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-84-11-1547     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Arakawa, A., 1969: Parameterization of cumulus convection. Proc. WMO/ IUGG Symp. on Numerical Weather Prediction, Tokyo, Japan, Japan Meteorological Agency, IV, 8, 1-6.
2. _, 1975: Modeling clouds and cloud processes for use in climate models. The Physical Basis of Climate and Climate Modelling, GARP Publications Series, Vol. 16, ICSU/WMO, 181-197.
3. _, 2000: Future development of general circulation models. General Circulation Model Development: Past, Present, and Future, D. A. Randall, Ed., Academic Press, 721-780.
4. _, and W. H. Shubert, 1974: The interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environment, Part I. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 674-701.
5. Atlas, R., 1997: Atmospheric observations and experiments to assess their usefulness in data assimilation. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 75, 1-20.
6. Bjerknes, J., 1938: Saturated-adiabatic ascent of air through dry-adiabatically descending environment. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 64, 325-330.
7. Blackmon, M., and Coauthors, 2001: The Community Climate System Model. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 82, 2357-2376.
8. Charney, J. G., 1979: Carbon Dioxide and Climate: A Scientific Assessment. National Academy Press, 33 pp.
9. _, M. Halem, and R. Jastrow, 1969: Use of incomplete historical data to infer the present state of the atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 26, 1160-1163.
10. Cheng, M.-D., and A. Arakawa, 1997: Inclusion of rainwater budget and convective downdrafts in the Arakawa-Schubert cumulus parameterization. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 1359-1378.
11. Donner, L. J., 1993: A cumulus parameterization including mass fluxes, vertical momentum dynamics, and mesoscale effects. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 889-906.
12. _, C. J. Seman, R. S. Hemler, and S. Fan, 2001: A cumulus parameterization including mass fluxes, convective vertical velocities, and mesoscale effects: Thermodynamic and hydrological aspects in a general circulation model. J. Climate, 14, 3444-3463.
13. Eyre, J. R., 1997: Variational assimilation of remotelysensed observations of the atmosphere. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 75, 331-338.
14. Fowler, L. D., and D. A. Randall, 2002: Interactions between cloud microphysics and cumulus convection in a general circulation model. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 3074-3098.
15. Grabowski, W. W., 2001: Copuling cloud processes with the large-scale dynamics using the cloud-resolving convection parameterizaiton (CRCP). J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 978-997.
16. _, and P. K. Smolarkiewicz, 1999: CRCP: A cloud resolving convection parameterization for modeling the tropical convective atmosphere. Physica D, 133, 171-178.
17. Houghton, J. T., Y. Ding, D. J. Griggs, M. Noguer, P. J. van der Linden, X. Dai, K. Maskell, and C. A. Johnson, 2001: Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Cambridge University Press, 881 pp.
18. Houze, R. A., Jr., 1989: Observed structure of mesoscale convective systems and implications for largescale heating. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 115, 425-461.
19. Jakob, C., and S. A. Klein, 2000: A parameterization of the effects of cloud and precipitation overlap for use in general-circulation models. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 126, 2525-2544.
20. Johnson, R. H., 1976: The role of convective-scale precipitation downdrafts in cumulus and synoptic-scale interaction. J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 1890-1910.
21. Jung, J.-H., and A. Arakawa, 2003: The resolution dependence of model physics: Illustrations from nonhydrostatic model experiments. J. Atmos. Sci., in press.
22. Khairoutdinov, M. F., and D. A. Randall, 2001: A cloudresolving model as a cloud parameterization in the NCAR Community Climate System Model: Preliminary results. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 3617-3620.
23. Köhler, M., 1999: Explicit prediction of ice clouds in general circulation models. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles, 167 pp.
24. Krueger, S. K., 1988: Numerical simulation of tropical clouds and their interaction with the subcloud layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 2221-2250.
25. Lappen, C.-L., and D. A. Randall, 2001: Toward a unified parameterization of the boundary layer and moist convection. Part I: A new type of mass-flux model. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 2021-2036.
26. Lilly, D. K., 1968: Models of cloud-topped mixed layers under a strong inversion. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 94, 292-309.
27. Lin, C., and A. Arakawa, 1997a: The macroscopic entrainment processes of simulated cumulus ensemble. Part I: Entrainment sources. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 1027-1043.
28. _, and _, 1997b: The macroscopic entrainment processes of simulated cumulus ensemble. Part II: Testing of the entraining plume model. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 1044-1053.
29. Madden, R. A., and P. R. Julian, 1994: Observations of the 40-50-day tropical oscillation-A review. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 814-837.
30. Moncrieff, M. W., 1992: Organized convective systems: Archetypal dynamical models, mass and momentum flux theory, and parameterization. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 118, 819-850.
31. Morcrette, J.-J., 2000: On the effects of the temporal and spatial sampling of radiation fields on the ECMWF forecasts and analyses. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 876-887.
32. Parrish, D. F., J. C. Derber, R. J. Purser, W.-S. Wu, and Z.-X. Pu, 1997: The NCEP global analysis system: Recent improvements and future plans. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 75, 249-255.
33. Randall, D. A., and D. G. Cripe, 1999: Alternative methods for specification of observed forcing in singlecolumn models and cloud system models. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 24 527-24 545.
34. _, and L. D. Fowler, 1999: Eauliq: The next generation. Colorado State University Atmospheric Science Paper No. 673, 65 pp.
35. _, J. A. Abeles, and T. G. Corsetti, 1985: Seasonal simulations of the planetary boundary layer and boundary-layer stratocumulus clouds with a general circulation model. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 641-676.
36. _, and Coauthors, 2003: Confronting models with data: The GEWEX Cloud Systems Study. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 84, 455-469.
37. Riehl, H., and J. S. Malkus, 1958: On the heat balance in the equatorial trough zone. Geophysica, 6, 503-537.
38. Rossow, W. B., and R. A. Schiffer, 1999: Advances in understanding clouds from ISCCP. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 80, 2261-2287.
39. Simpson, J., C. Kummerow, W. K. Tao, and R. F. Adler, 1996: On the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 60, 19-36.
40. Slingo, J. M., and Coauthors, 1996: Intraseasonal oscillations in 15 atmospheric general circulation models: Results from an AMIP diagnostic subproject. Climate Dyn., 12, 325-357.
41. Smagorinsky, J., 1960: On the dynamical prediction of large-scale condensation by numerical methods. Geophys. Monogr., 5, 71-78.
42. Stephens, G. L., and Coauthors, 2002: The Cloud Sat Mission and the A-Train: A new dimension of spacebased observations of clouds and precipitation. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 83, 1771-1790.
43. Sundqvist, H., 1978: A parameterization scheme for non-convective condensation including prediction of cloud water content. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 104, 677-690.
44. Tiedtke, M., 1993: Representation of clouds in largescale models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 3040-3061.
45. Xu, K.-M., and S. K. Krueger, 1991: Evaluation of cloudiness parameterizations using a cumulus ensemble model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 342-367.
46. _, A. Arakawa, and S. K. Krueger, 1992: The macroscopic behavior of cumulus ensembles simulated by a cumulus ensemble model. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 2402-2420.
47. Yamasaki, M., 1975: A numerical experiment of the interaction between cumulus convection and largerscale motion. Pap. Meteor. Geophys., 26, 63-91.
48. Zulauf, M. A., and S. K. Krueger, 2002: Testing prognostic cloud parameterizations for convectively generated cirrus using cloud-resolving model simulations. Preprints, 11th Conf. on Cloud Physics, Ogden, UT, Amer. Meteor. Soc., CD-ROM, P2.8.