A numerical study of aerosol effects on the dynamics and microphysics of a deep convective cloud in a continental environmental

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 111, Issue 5, 2006, Pages

  Cui, Zhiqiang ^a   Carslaw, Kenneth S ^a   Yin, Yan ^b   Davies, Stewart ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

^b NANJING UNIVERSITY OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (China)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; CLOUDS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; METEOROLOGY; PRECIPITATION (METEOROLOGY); TROPOSPHERE;

AEROSOL; COMPUTER SIMULATION; CONVECTIVE CLOUD; NUMERICAL MODEL; WATER CONTENT;

EID: 33646343209     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2005JD005981     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Albrecht, B. A. (1989), Aerosol, cloud microphysics, and fractional cloudiness, Science, 245, 1227-1230.
2. Andreae, M. O., D. Rosenfeld, P. Artaxo, A. A. Costa, G. P. Frank, K. M. Longo, and M. A. F. Silva-Dias (2003), Smoking rain clouds over the Amazon, Science, 303, 1337-1342.
3. Bergeron, T. (1935), On the physics of clouds and precipitation, paper presented at 5th IUGG Assembly, Int. Union of Geod. and Geophys., Lisbon.
4. Bigg, E. K. (1953a), The supercooling of water, Proc. Phys. Soc. London, 66, 688-694.
5. Bigg, E. K. (1953b), The formation of atmospheric ice crystals by the freezing of droplets, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 79, 510-519.
6. Charlson, R. J., S. E. Schwartz, J. M. Hales, R. D. Cess, J. A. Coakley Jr., J. E. Hansen, and D. J. Hoffinan (1992), Climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols, Science, 255, 423-430.
7. Coakley, J. A., Jr., R. L. Bernstein, and P. A. Durkee (1987), Effect of ship-stack effluents on cloud reflectivity, Science, 237, 1020-1022.
8. Cotton, W. R., G. J. Tripoli, R. M. Rauber, and E. Mulvihill (1986), Numerical simulation of the effects of varying ice crystal nucleation rates and aggregation processes on orographic snowfall, J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 25, 1658-1680.
9. DeMott, P. J., and D. C. Rogers (1990), Freezing nucleation rates of dilute solution droplets measured between -30 and -40°C in laboratory simulations of natural clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 1056-1064.
10. Ekman, A. M. L., C. Wang, J. Wilson, and J. Ström (2004), Explicit simulations of aerosol physics in a cloud-resolving model: A sensitivity study based on an observed convective cloud, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 773-791.
11. Feingold, G., S. Tzivion, and Z. Levin (1988), The evolution of raindrop spectra: Part I. Stochastic collection and breakup, J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 3387-3399.
12. Ferek, R. J., et al. (2000), Drizzle suppression in ship tracks, J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 2707-2728.
13. Findeisen, W. (1938), Die kolloidmeteorologischen Vorgänge bei der Niederschlagsbildung, Meteorol. Z, 55, 121-133.
14. Fridlind, A. M., et al. (2004), Evidence for the predominance of mid-tropospheric aerosols as subtropical anvil cloud nuclei, Science, 304, 718-722.
15. Gerber, H. E. (1976), Relationship of size and activity for AgI smoke particles, J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 667-677.
16. Gorbunov, B., A. Baklanov, N. Kakutkina, H. L. Windsor, and R. Toumi (2001), Ice nucleation on soot particles, J. Aerosol Sci., 32, 199-215.
17. Graf, H.-F. (2004), The complex interaction of aerosols and clouds, Science, 203, 1309-1311.
18. Hobbs, P. V., D. A. Bowdle, and L. F. Radke (1985), Particles in the lower troposphere over the high plains of the United States: Part I. Size distributions, elemental composition and morphologies, J. Clim. Appl Meteorol., 24, 1344-1356.
19. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2001), Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis: Summary for Policymakers and Technical Summary of the Working Group I Report, 20 pp., edited by J. T. Houghton et al., Cambridge Univ. Press, New York.
20. Khain, A., and A. Pokrovsky (2004), A simulation of effects of atmospheric aerosols on deep turbulent convective clouds using a spectral microphysics mixed-phase cumulus cloud model. part II: Sensitivity study, J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 2983-3001.
21. Khain, A. P., and I. Sednev (1996), Simulation of precipitation formation in the eastern Mediterranean coastal zone using a spectral microphysics cloud ensemble model, Atmos. Res., 43, 77-110.
22. Khain, A. P., A. Pokrovsky, and I. Sednev (1999), Some effects of cloud-aerosol interaction on cloud microphysics structure and precipitation formation: Numerical experiments with a spectral microphysics cloud ensemble model, Atmos. Res., 52, 195-220.
23. Khain, A., A. Pokrovsky, M. Pinsky, A. Seifert, and V. T. J. Phillips (2004), Simulation of effects of atmospheric aerosols on deep turbulent convective clouds by using a spectral microphysics mixed-phase cumulus cloud model. part 1: Model description and possible applications, J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 2963-2982.
24. King, M. D., L. F. Radke, and P. V. Hobbs (1993), Optical properties of marine stratocumulus clouds modified by ships, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 2729-2739.
25. Kollias, P., B. A. Albrecht, R. Lhermitte, and A. Savtchenko (2001), Radar observations of updrafts, downdrafts, and turbulence in fair-weather cumuli, J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 1750-1766.
26. Meyers, M. P., P. J. DeMott, and W. R. Cotton (1992), New primary ice-nucleation parameterizations in an explicit cloud model, J. Appl. Meteorol., 31, 708-721.
27. Murry, F. W. (1970), Numerical models of a tropical cumulus cloud with bilateral and axial symmetry, Mon. Weather Rev, 98, 14-28.
28. Ogura, Y. (1963), The evolution of a moist convective element in a shallow, conditionally unstable atmosphere: A numerical calculation, J. Atmos. Sci., 20, 407-424.
29. Orville, H. D., and F. J. Kopp (1977), Numerical simulation of the life history of a hailstorm, J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 1596-1618.
30. Phillips, V. T. J., T. W. Choularton, A. M. Blyth, and J. Latham (2002), The influence of aerosol concentrations on the glaciation and precipitation of a cumulus cloud, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 128, 951-971.
31. Pitter, R. L., and H. R. Pruppacher (1973), A wind tunnel investigation of freezing of small water drops falling at terminal velocity in air, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 99, 540-550.
32. Radke, L. F., J. A. Coakley Jr., and M. D. King (1989), Direct and remote sensing observations of the effects of ships on clouds, Science, 246, 1146-1149.
33. Ramanathan, V., and A. M. Vogelmann (1997), Greenhouse effect, atmospheric solar absorption and the Earth's radiation budget: From the Arrhenius-Langley era to the 1999s, in The Legacy of Svante Arrhenius: Understanding the Greenhouse Effect, edited by H. Rodhe and R. Charlson, pp. 85-103, R. Swed. Acad. of Sci., Stockholm Univ., Stockhomn.
34. Ramanathan, V., P. J. Crutzen, J. T. Kiehl, and D. Rosenfeld (2001), Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle, Science, 294, 2119-2124.
35. Reisin, T., Z. Levin, and S. Tzivion (1996), Rain production in convective clouds as simulated in as axisymmetric model with detailed microphysics. part II: Effects of varying drops and ice initiation, J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 1815-1837.
36. Reisner, J., R. M. Rasmussen, and R. Bruintjes (1998), Explicit forecasting of supercooled liquid water in winter storms using the MM5 model, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 124, 1071-1107.
37. Respondek, P. S., R. R. Alheit, and H. R. Pruppacher (1995), A theoretical study of the wet removal of atmospheric pollutants, V. The uptake, redistribution, and deposition of (NH4)2SO4 by a convective cloud containing ice, J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 2121-2132.
38. Rosenfeld, D. (2000), Suppression of rain and snow by urban and industrial air pollution, Science, 287, 1793-1796.
39. Rosenfeld, D., and W. L. Woodley (2000), Convective clouds with sustained highly supercooled liquid water down to -37.5°C, Nature, 405, 440-442.
40. Soong, S.-T., and Y. Ogura (1973), A comparison between axi-symmetric and slab-symmetric cumulus cloud models, J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 879-893.
41. Toon, O. B. (2000), How pollution suppresses rain, Science, 287, 1763-1765.
42. Twomey, S. (1977), Atmospheric Aerosols, 302 pp., Elsevier, New York.
43. Twomey, S. (1991), Aerosols, clouds and radiation, Atmos. Environ., Part A, 25, 2435-2442.
44. Tzivion, S., G. Feingold, and Z. Levin (1987), An efficient numerical solution to the stochastic collection equation, J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 3139-3149.
45. Tzivion, S., G. Feingold, and Z. Levin (1989), The evolution of raindrop spectra: Part II. Collisional collection/breakup and evaporation in a rain-shaft, J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 3312-3327.
46. Vali, G. (1994), Freezing rate due to heterogeneous nucleation, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 1843-1856.
47. Wegener, A. (1911), Thermodynamik der Atmosphäre, Barth, Leipzig, Poland.
48. Wilhelmson, R., and Y. Ogura (1972), The pressure perturbation and the numerical modeling of a cloud, J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 1295-1307.
49. Wisner, C., H. D. Orville, and C. Myers (1972), A numerical model of a hail-bearing cloud, J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 1160-1181.
50. Yin, Y., Z. Levin, T. Reisin, and S. Tzivion (2000), The effects of giant cloud condensation nuclei on the development of precipitation in convective clouds - A numerical study, Atmos. Res., 53, 91-116.
51. Yin, Y., K. S. Carslaw, and D. J. Parker (2002), Redistribution of trace gases by convective clouds-mixed-phase processes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2, 293-306.
52. Yin, Y., K. S. Carslaw, and G. Feingold (2005), Vertical transport and processing of aerosols in a mixed-phase convective cloud and the feedback on cloud development, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 131, 221-246.