메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 10, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 47-62

Malformations of cortical development and epilepsy

Author keywords

Band heterotopia; Cortical dysplasia; Hemimegalencephaly; Lissencephaly; Nodular heterotopia; Polymicrogyria; Schizencephaly; Tuberous sclerosis

Indexed keywords

AGYRIA; ALEXANDER DISEASE; BRAIN CORTEX; BRAIN DEVELOPMENT; BRAIN MALFORMATION; CELL MIGRATION; CELL PROLIFERATION; CORTICAL DYSPLASIA; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; EPILEPSY; GENE MUTATION; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION; HEREDITY; HETEROTOPIA; HUMAN; MICROGYRIA; MICROSCOPY; NERVE CELL; NERVE CELL DIFFERENTIATION; NEUROIMAGING; PREGNANCY; REVIEW; SCHIZENCEPHALY; SEIZURE; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS;

EID: 42149121434     PISSN: 12948322     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (167)

References (177)
  • 2
    • 42149160274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guerrini R, Holthausen H, Parmeggiani L, et al. Epilepsy and malformations of the cerebral cortex. In: Roger J, Bureau M, Dravet C, eds. Epileptic Syndromes in Infancy, Childhood and Adolescence. 3rd ed. London, UK: John Libbey; 2002:457-479.
    • Guerrini R, Holthausen H, Parmeggiani L, et al. Epilepsy and malformations of the cerebral cortex. In: Roger J, Bureau M, Dravet C, eds. Epileptic Syndromes in Infancy, Childhood and Adolescence. 3rd ed. London, UK: John Libbey; 2002:457-479.
  • 3
    • 0033546911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and imaging features of cortical malformations in childhood
    • Leventer RJ, Phelan EM, Coleman LT, et al. Clinical and imaging features of cortical malformations in childhood. Neurology. 1999;53:715-722.
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.53 , pp. 715-722
    • Leventer, R.J.1    Phelan, E.M.2    Coleman, L.T.3
  • 4
    • 32144433872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A developmental and genetic classification for malformations of cortical development
    • Barkovich AJ, Kuzniecky RI, Jackson GD, et al. A developmental and genetic classification for malformations of cortical development. Neurology. 2005;65:1873-1887.
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.65 , pp. 1873-1887
    • Barkovich, A.J.1    Kuzniecky, R.I.2    Jackson, G.D.3
  • 5
    • 0003669985 scopus 로고
    • 2nd ed. New York, NY: Raven Press;
    • Gomez MR. Tuberous Sclerosis. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Raven Press; 1988.
    • (1988) Tuberous Sclerosis
    • Gomez, M.R.1
  • 7
    • 0030942875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical tuber count: A biomarker indicating neurologic severity of tuberous sclerosis complex
    • Goodman M, Lamm SH, Engel A, et al. Cortical tuber count: a biomarker indicating neurologic severity of tuberous sclerosis complex. J Child Neurol. 1997;12:85-90.
    • (1997) J Child Neurol , vol.12 , pp. 85-90
    • Goodman, M.1    Lamm, S.H.2    Engel, A.3
  • 8
    • 0025832870 scopus 로고
    • On the incidence of fits and mental retardation in tuberous sclerosis
    • Webb DW, Fryer AE, Osborne JP. On the incidence of fits and mental retardation in tuberous sclerosis. J Med Genet. 1991;28:395-397.
    • (1991) J Med Genet , vol.28 , pp. 395-397
    • Webb, D.W.1    Fryer, A.E.2    Osborne, J.P.3
  • 9
    • 0026644039 scopus 로고
    • Seizures and intellectual disability associated with tuberous sclerosis complex in the west of Scotland
    • Shepherd CW, Stephenson JBP. Seizures and intellectual disability associated with tuberous sclerosis complex in the west of Scotland. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1992;34:766-774.
    • (1992) Dev Med Child Neurol , vol.34 , pp. 766-774
    • Shepherd, C.W.1    Stephenson, J.B.P.2
  • 10
    • 0036823486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transmantle dysplasia in tuberous sclerosis: Clinical features and surgical outcome in four children
    • Vigliano P, Canavese C, Bobba B, et al. Transmantle dysplasia in tuberous sclerosis: clinical features and surgical outcome in four children. J Child Neurol. 2002;17:752-758.
    • (2002) J Child Neurol , vol.17 , pp. 752-758
    • Vigliano, P.1    Canavese, C.2    Bobba, B.3
  • 11
    • 0028618318 scopus 로고
    • Unilateral megalencephaly and tuberous sclerosis: Related disorders?
    • Maloof J, Sledz K, Hogg JP, et al. Unilateral megalencephaly and tuberous sclerosis: related disorders? J Child Neurol. 1994;9:443-446.
    • (1994) J Child Neurol , vol.9 , pp. 443-446
    • Maloof, J.1    Sledz, K.2    Hogg, J.P.3
  • 12
    • 0032472042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemimegalencephaly and focal megalencephaly in tuberous sclerosis complex
    • Griffiths PD, Gardner SA, Smith M, et al. Hemimegalencephaly and focal megalencephaly in tuberous sclerosis complex. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1998;19:1935-1938.
    • (1998) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.19 , pp. 1935-1938
    • Griffiths, P.D.1    Gardner, S.A.2    Smith, M.3
  • 13
    • 0033694585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI spectrum of cortical malformations in tuberous sclerosis complex
    • Christophe C, Sekhara T, Rypens F, et al. MRI spectrum of cortical malformations in tuberous sclerosis complex. Brain Dev. 2000;22:487-493.
    • (2000) Brain Dev , vol.22 , pp. 487-493
    • Christophe, C.1    Sekhara, T.2    Rypens, F.3
  • 14
    • 0030879277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of the tuberous sclerosis gene TSC1 on chromosome 9q34
    • van Slegtenhorst M, de Hoogt R, Hermans C, et al. Identification of the tuberous sclerosis gene TSC1 on chromosome 9q34. Science. 1997;277:805-808.
    • (1997) Science , vol.277 , pp. 805-808
    • van Slegtenhorst, M.1    de Hoogt, R.2    Hermans, C.3
  • 15
    • 0027770784 scopus 로고
    • Identification and characterization of the tuberous sclerosis gene on chromosome 16. The European Chromosome 16 Tuberous Sclerosis Consortium
    • European Chromosome 16 Tuberous Sclerosis Consortium
    • European Chromosome 16 Tuberous Sclerosis Consortium. Identification and characterization of the tuberous sclerosis gene on chromosome 16. The European Chromosome 16 Tuberous Sclerosis Consortium. Cell. 1993;75:1305-1315.
    • (1993) Cell , vol.75 , pp. 1305-1315
  • 16
    • 0035167932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutational analysis in a cohort of 224 tuberous sclerosis patients indicates increased severity of TSC2, compared with TSC1, disease in multiple organs
    • Dabora SL, Jozwiak S, Franz DN, et al. Mutational analysis in a cohort of 224 tuberous sclerosis patients indicates increased severity of TSC2, compared with TSC1, disease in multiple organs. Am J Hum Genet. 2001;68:64-80.
    • (2001) Am J Hum Genet , vol.68 , pp. 64-80
    • Dabora, S.L.1    Jozwiak, S.2    Franz, D.N.3
  • 17
    • 0032903806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutational spectrum of the TSC1 gene in a cohort of 225 tuberous sclerosis complex patients: No evidence for genotype-phenotype correlation
    • van Slegtenhorst M, Verhoef S, Tempelaars A, et al. Mutational spectrum of the TSC1 gene in a cohort of 225 tuberous sclerosis complex patients: no evidence for genotype-phenotype correlation. J Med Genet. 1999;36:285-289.
    • (1999) J Med Genet , vol.36 , pp. 285-289
    • van Slegtenhorst, M.1    Verhoef, S.2    Tempelaars, A.3
  • 19
    • 0036345752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Focal cortical dysplasia: Neuropathological subtypes, EEG, neuroimaging and surgical outcome
    • Tassi L, Colombo N, Garbelli R, et al. Focal cortical dysplasia: neuropathological subtypes, EEG, neuroimaging and surgical outcome. Brain. 2002;125:1719-1732.
    • (2002) Brain , vol.125 , pp. 1719-1732
    • Tassi, L.1    Colombo, N.2    Garbelli, R.3
  • 20
    • 0346310447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Focal cortical dysplasias: MR imaging, histopathologic, and clinical correlations in surgically treated patients with epilepsy
    • Colombo N, Tassi L, Galli C, et al. Focal cortical dysplasias: MR imaging, histopathologic, and clinical correlations in surgically treated patients with epilepsy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2003;24:724-733.
    • (2003) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.24 , pp. 724-733
    • Colombo, N.1    Tassi, L.2    Galli, C.3
  • 21
    • 34548108970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-lissencephalic cortical dysplasias
    • Barth ed, 1st ed. London, UK: MacKeith Press;
    • Kuzniecky RI, Andermann F. Non-lissencephalic cortical dysplasias. In: Barth PG, ed. Disorders of Neuronal Migration. 1st ed. London, UK: MacKeith Press; 2003:58-71.
    • (2003) Disorders of Neuronal Migration , pp. 58-71
    • Kuzniecky, R.I.1    Andermann, F.2
  • 22
    • 0023694274 scopus 로고
    • Microdysgenesis in resected temporal neocortex: Incidence and clinical significance in focal epilepsy
    • Hardiman O, Burke T, Phillips J, et al. Microdysgenesis in resected temporal neocortex: incidence and clinical significance in focal epilepsy. Neurology. 1988;38:1041-1047.
    • (1988) Neurology , vol.38 , pp. 1041-1047
    • Hardiman, O.1    Burke, T.2    Phillips, J.3
  • 23
    • 0027031536 scopus 로고
    • Migration disturbances in epilepsy
    • Meencke HJ, Veith G. Migration disturbances in epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 1992;Suppl 9:31-40.
    • (1992) Epilepsy Res , Issue.SUPPL. 9 , pp. 31-40
    • Meencke, H.J.1    Veith, G.2
  • 24
    • 0029040779 scopus 로고
    • Abnormalities of gyration, heterotopias, tuberous sclerosis, focal cortical dysplasia, microdysgenesis, dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour and dysgenesis of the archicortex in epilepsy. Clinical, EEG and neuroimaging features in 100 adult patients
    • Raymond AA, Fish DR, Sisodiya SM, et al. Abnormalities of gyration, heterotopias, tuberous sclerosis, focal cortical dysplasia, microdysgenesis, dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour and dysgenesis of the archicortex in epilepsy. Clinical, EEG and neuroimaging features in 100 adult patients. Brain. 1995;118(Pt 3):629-660.
    • (1995) Brain , vol.118 , Issue.PART 3 , pp. 629-660
    • Raymond, A.A.1    Fish, D.R.2    Sisodiya, S.M.3
  • 25
    • 0032619730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relevance of slight migrational disturbances (microdysgenesis) to the etiology of the epilepsies
    • Meencke HJ, Veith G. The relevance of slight migrational disturbances (microdysgenesis) to the etiology of the epilepsies. Adv Neurol. 1999;79:123-131.
    • (1999) Adv Neurol , vol.79 , pp. 123-131
    • Meencke, H.J.1    Veith, G.2
  • 26
    • 12144288765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Terminology and classification of the cortical dysplasias
    • Palmini A, Najm I, Avanzini G, et al. Terminology and classification of the cortical dysplasias. Neurology. 2004;62:S2-S8.
    • (2004) Neurology , vol.62
    • Palmini, A.1    Najm, I.2    Avanzini, G.3
  • 27
    • 0028006660 scopus 로고
    • The clinical spectrum of focal cortical dysplasia and epilepsy
    • Wyllie E, Baumgartner C, Prayson R, et al. The clinical spectrum of focal cortical dysplasia and epilepsy. J Epilepsy. 1994;7:303-312.
    • (1994) J Epilepsy , vol.7 , pp. 303-312
    • Wyllie, E.1    Baumgartner, C.2    Prayson, R.3
  • 28
    • 0037465368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Malformations of cortical development with balloon cells: Clinical and radiologic correlates
    • Mackay MT, Becker LE, Chuang SH, et al. Malformations of cortical development with balloon cells: Clinical and radiologic correlates. Neurology. 2003;60:580-587.
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.60 , pp. 580-587
    • Mackay, M.T.1    Becker, L.E.2    Chuang, S.H.3
  • 29
    • 0026606026 scopus 로고
    • Nonlissencephalic cortical dysplasias: Correlation of imaging findings with clinical deficits
    • Barkovich AJ, Kjos BO. Nonlissencephalic cortical dysplasias: correlation of imaging findings with clinical deficits. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1992;13:95-103.
    • (1992) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.13 , pp. 95-103
    • Barkovich, A.J.1    Kjos, B.O.2
  • 30
    • 0027162612 scopus 로고
    • Intrauterine-onset myoclonic encephalopathy asociated with cerebral cortical dysgenesis
    • du Plessis AJ, Kaufmann WE, Kupsky WJ. Intrauterine-onset myoclonic encephalopathy asociated with cerebral cortical dysgenesis. J Child Neurol. 1993;8:164-170.
    • (1993) J Child Neurol , vol.8 , pp. 164-170
    • du Plessis, A.J.1    Kaufmann, W.E.2    Kupsky, W.J.3
  • 31
    • 0038805476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical dysplasia in extratemporal lobe intractable epilepsy: A study of 52 cases
    • Prayson RA, Frater JL. Cortical dysplasia in extratemporal lobe intractable epilepsy: a study of 52 cases. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2003;7:139-146.
    • (2003) Ann Diagn Pathol , vol.7 , pp. 139-146
    • Prayson, R.A.1    Frater, J.L.2
  • 32
    • 0041429353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Focal cortical dysplasia and intractable epilepsy in adults: Clinical, EEG, imaging, and surgical features
    • Bautista JF, Foldvary-Schaefer N, Bingaman WE, et al. Focal cortical dysplasia and intractable epilepsy in adults: clinical, EEG, imaging, and surgical features. Epilepsy Res. 2003;55:131-136.
    • (2003) Epilepsy Res , vol.55 , pp. 131-136
    • Bautista, J.F.1    Foldvary-Schaefer, N.2    Bingaman, W.E.3
  • 33
    • 0027194158 scopus 로고
    • Life-threatening focal status epilepticus due to occult cortical dysplasia
    • Desbiens R, Berkovic SF, Dubeau F, et al. Life-threatening focal status epilepticus due to occult cortical dysplasia. Arch Neurol. 1993;50:695-700.
    • (1993) Arch Neurol , vol.50 , pp. 695-700
    • Desbiens, R.1    Berkovic, S.F.2    Dubeau, F.3
  • 34
    • 0028902001 scopus 로고
    • Instrinsic epileptogenicity of human dysplastic cortex as suggested by corticography and surgical results
    • Palmini A, Gambardella A, Andermann F, et al. Instrinsic epileptogenicity of human dysplastic cortex as suggested by corticography and surgical results. Ann Neurol. 1995;37:476-487.
    • (1995) Ann Neurol , vol.37 , pp. 476-487
    • Palmini, A.1    Gambardella, A.2    Andermann, F.3
  • 35
    • 0029080013 scopus 로고
    • Seizure-like discharges recorded in human dysplastic neocortex maintained in vitro
    • Mattia D, Olivier A, Avoli M. Seizure-like discharges recorded in human dysplastic neocortex maintained in vitro. Neurology. 1995;45:1391-1395.
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , pp. 1391-1395
    • Mattia, D.1    Olivier, A.2    Avoli, M.3
  • 36
    • 0141960166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epileptiform synchronization in the human dysplastic cortex
    • Avoli M, Louvel J, Mattia D, et al. Epileptiform synchronization in the human dysplastic cortex. Epileptic Disord. 2003;5 (suppl 2):S45-S50.
    • (2003) Epileptic Disord , vol.5 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Avoli, M.1    Louvel, J.2    Mattia, D.3
  • 37
    • 0031729445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemimegalencephaly: Signal changes suggesting abnormal myelination on MRI
    • Yagishita A, Arai N, Tamagawa K, et al. Hemimegalencephaly: signal changes suggesting abnormal myelination on MRI. Neuroradiology. 1998;40:734-738.
    • (1998) Neuroradiology , vol.40 , pp. 734-738
    • Yagishita, A.1    Arai, N.2    Tamagawa, K.3
  • 38
    • 0031545958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Focal cortical dysplasia of Taylor, balloon cell subtype: MR differentiation from low grade tumors
    • Bronen RA, Vives KP, Kim JH, et al. Focal cortical dysplasia of Taylor, balloon cell subtype: MR differentiation from low grade tumors. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1997;18:1141-1151.
    • (1997) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.18 , pp. 1141-1151
    • Bronen, R.A.1    Vives, K.P.2    Kim, J.H.3
  • 39
    • 0141925712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroimaging of focal cortical dysplasia: Neuropathological correlations
    • Colombo N, Citterio A, Galli C, et al. Neuroimaging of focal cortical dysplasia: neuropathological correlations. Epileptic Disord. 2003;5(suppl 2):S67-S72.
    • (2003) Epileptic Disord , vol.5 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Colombo, N.1    Citterio, A.2    Galli, C.3
  • 40
    • 33644802179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Taylor-type focal cortical dysplasia in infants: Some MRI lesions almost disappear with maturation of myelination
    • Eltze CM, Chong WK, Bhate S, et al. Taylor-type focal cortical dysplasia in infants: some MRI lesions almost disappear with maturation of myelination. Epilepsia. 2005;46:1988-1992.
    • (2005) Epilepsia , vol.46 , pp. 1988-1992
    • Eltze, C.M.1    Chong, W.K.2    Bhate, S.3
  • 41
    • 0030691110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Focal transmantle dysplasia: A specific malformation of cortical development
    • Barkovich AJ, Kuzniecky RI, Bollen AW, et al. Focal transmantle dysplasia: a specific malformation of cortical development. Neurology. 1997;49:1148-1153.
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.49 , pp. 1148-1153
    • Barkovich, A.J.1    Kuzniecky, R.I.2    Bollen, A.W.3
  • 42
    • 0031815905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sublobar dysplasia: A new malformation of cortical development
    • Barkovich AJ, Peacock W. Sublobar dysplasia: a new malformation of cortical development. Neurology. 1998;50:1383-1387.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.50 , pp. 1383-1387
    • Barkovich, A.J.1    Peacock, W.2
  • 43
    • 2942733415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Posterior quadrantic dysplasia or hemi-hemimegalencephaly: A characteristic brain malformation
    • D'Agostino MD, Bastos A, Piras C, et al. Posterior quadrantic dysplasia or hemi-hemimegalencephaly: A characteristic brain malformation. Neurology. 2004;62:2214.
    • (2004) Neurology , vol.62 , pp. 2214
    • D'Agostino, M.D.1    Bastos, A.2    Piras, C.3
  • 44
    • 33645415686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recessive symptomatic focal epilepsy and mutant contactin-associated protein-like 2
    • Strauss KA, Puffenberger EG, Huentelman MJ, et al. Recessive symptomatic focal epilepsy and mutant contactin-associated protein-like 2. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:1370-1377.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.354 , pp. 1370-1377
    • Strauss, K.A.1    Puffenberger, E.G.2    Huentelman, M.J.3
  • 45
    • 31544478559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contralateral hemimicrencephaly and clinical-pathological correlations in children with hemimegalencephaly
    • Salamon N, Andres M, Chute DJ, et al. Contralateral hemimicrencephaly and clinical-pathological correlations in children with hemimegalencephaly. Brain. 2006;129:352-365.
    • (2006) Brain , vol.129 , pp. 352-365
    • Salamon, N.1    Andres, M.2    Chute, D.J.3
  • 46
    • 0025293627 scopus 로고
    • Unilateral megalencephaly: Correlation of MR imaging and pathologic characteristics
    • Barkovich AJ, Chuang SH. Unilateral megalencephaly: correlation of MR imaging and pathologic characteristics. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1990;11:523-531.
    • (1990) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.11 , pp. 523-531
    • Barkovich, A.J.1    Chuang, S.H.2
  • 47
    • 0023809462 scopus 로고
    • Hemimegalencephaly: A clinico-pathological study of four cases
    • Robain O, Floquet C, Heldt N, et al. Hemimegalencephaly: a clinico-pathological study of four cases. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 1988;14:125-135.
    • (1988) Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol , vol.14 , pp. 125-135
    • Robain, O.1    Floquet, C.2    Heldt, N.3
  • 48
    • 0026669226 scopus 로고
    • Neuropathologic findings in surgically treated hemimegalencephaly: Immunohistochemical, morphometric, and ultrastructural study
    • De Rosa MJ, Secor DL, Barsom M, et al. Neuropathologic findings in surgically treated hemimegalencephaly: immunohistochemical, morphometric, and ultrastructural study. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1992;84:250-260.
    • (1992) Acta Neuropathol (Berl) , vol.84 , pp. 250-260
    • De Rosa, M.J.1    Secor, D.L.2    Barsom, M.3
  • 49
    • 0030446731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemimegalencephaly. Histological, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and cytofluorimetric study of six patients
    • Bosman C, Boldrini R, Dimitri L, et al. Hemimegalencephaly. Histological, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and cytofluorimetric study of six patients. Childs Nerv Syst. 1996;12:765-775.
    • (1996) Childs Nerv Syst , vol.12 , pp. 765-775
    • Bosman, C.1    Boldrini, R.2    Dimitri, L.3
  • 51
    • 0032968890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electroclinical characteristics of hemimegalencephaly
    • Ohtsuka Y, Ohno S, Oka E. Electroclinical characteristics of hemimegalencephaly. Pediatr Neurol. 1999;20:390-393.
    • (1999) Pediatr Neurol , vol.20 , pp. 390-393
    • Ohtsuka, Y.1    Ohno, S.2    Oka, E.3
  • 53
  • 54
    • 23444439525 scopus 로고
    • Surgical vs. medical treatment of seizures in hemimegalencephaly
    • Bonioli E, Palmieri A, Bellini C. Surgical vs. medical treatment of seizures in hemimegalencephaly. Brain Dev. 1994;16:169.
    • (1994) Brain Dev , vol.16 , pp. 169
    • Bonioli, E.1    Palmieri, A.2    Bellini, C.3
  • 55
    • 0033390827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuro-cognitive development and epilepsy outcome in children with surgically treated hemimegalencephaly
    • Battaglia D, Di Rocco C, Iuvone L, et al. Neuro-cognitive development and epilepsy outcome in children with surgically treated hemimegalencephaly. Neuropediatrics. 1999;30:307-313.
    • (1999) Neuropediatrics , vol.30 , pp. 307-313
    • Battaglia, D.1    Di Rocco, C.2    Iuvone, L.3
  • 56
    • 0026035272 scopus 로고
    • Vascular abnormalities in epidermal nevus syndrome
    • Dobyns WB, Garg BP. Vascular abnormalities in epidermal nevus syndrome. Neurology. 1991;41:276-278.
    • (1991) Neurology , vol.41 , pp. 276-278
    • Dobyns, W.B.1    Garg, B.P.2
  • 57
    • 0023877010 scopus 로고
    • Unilateral hypomelanosis of lto with hemimegalencephaly
    • Peserico A, Battistella PA, Bertoli P, et al. Unilateral hypomelanosis of lto with hemimegalencephaly. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1988;77:446-447.
    • (1988) Acta Paediatr Scand , vol.77 , pp. 446-447
    • Peserico, A.1    Battistella, P.A.2    Bertoli, P.3
  • 58
    • 0024421624 scopus 로고
    • Hemimegalencephaly, hemifacial hypertrophy and intracranial lipoma: A variant of neurofibromatosis
    • Ross GW, Miller JQ, Persing JA, et al. Hemimegalencephaly, hemifacial hypertrophy and intracranial lipoma: a variant of neurofibromatosis. Neurofibromatosis. 1989;2:69-77.
    • (1989) Neurofibromatosis , vol.2 , pp. 69-77
    • Ross, G.W.1    Miller, J.Q.2    Persing, J.A.3
  • 59
    • 0026065777 scopus 로고
    • Epidermal nevus syndrome: A neurologic variant with hemimegalencephaly, gyral malformation, mental retardation, seizures, and facial hemihypertrophy
    • Pavone L, Curatolo P, Rizzo R, et al. Epidermal nevus syndrome: a neurologic variant with hemimegalencephaly, gyral malformation, mental retardation, seizures, and facial hemihypertrophy. Neurology. 1991;41:266-271.
    • (1991) Neurology , vol.41 , pp. 266-271
    • Pavone, L.1    Curatolo, P.2    Rizzo, R.3
  • 60
    • 0023264822 scopus 로고
    • Hemimegalencephaly: MR imaging in five children
    • Kalifa GL, Chiron C, Sellier N, et al. Hemimegalencephaly: MR imaging in five children. Radiology. 1987;165:29-33.
    • (1987) Radiology , vol.165 , pp. 29-33
    • Kalifa, G.L.1    Chiron, C.2    Sellier, N.3
  • 61
    • 0036563399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemimegalencephaly: Part 1. Genetic, clinical, and imaging aspects
    • Flores-Sarnat L. Hemimegalencephaly: part 1. Genetic, clinical, and imaging aspects. J Child Neurol. 2002;17:373-384.
    • (2002) J Child Neurol , vol.17 , pp. 373-384
    • Flores-Sarnat, L.1
  • 62
    • 0031143459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MR demonstration of cerebral hemimegalencephaly associated with cerebellar involvement (total hemimegalencephaly)
    • Sener RN. MR demonstration of cerebral hemimegalencephaly associated with cerebellar involvement (total hemimegalencephaly). Comput Med Imaging Graph. 1997;21:201-204.
    • (1997) Comput Med Imaging Graph , vol.21 , pp. 201-204
    • Sener, R.N.1
  • 63
    • 0031054980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunohistochemical expression of cell adhesion molecule L1 in hemimegalencephaly
    • Tsuru A, Mizuguchi M, Uyemura K, et al. Immunohistochemical expression of cell adhesion molecule L1 in hemimegalencephaly. Pediatr Neurol. 1997;16:45-49.
    • (1997) Pediatr Neurol , vol.16 , pp. 45-49
    • Tsuru, A.1    Mizuguchi, M.2    Uyemura, K.3
  • 64
    • 0020642887 scopus 로고
    • Lissencephaly: Two distinct clinico-pathological types
    • Dambska M, Wisniewski K, Sher JH. Lissencephaly: two distinct clinico-pathological types. Brain Dev. 1983;5:302-310.
    • (1983) Brain Dev , vol.5 , pp. 302-310
    • Dambska, M.1    Wisniewski, K.2    Sher, J.H.3
  • 65
    • 0012812261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Malformations
    • Greenfield JD, Lantos PL, Graham DI, eds, 7th ed. London, UK: Arnold;
    • Harding B, Copp AJ. Malformations. In: Greenfield JD, Lantos PL, Graham DI, eds. Greenfield's Neuropathology. Vol. 1. 7th ed. London, UK: Arnold; 2002.
    • (2002) Greenfield's Neuropathology , vol.1
    • Harding, B.1    Copp, A.J.2
  • 68
    • 26444434815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotypically defined lissencephalies show distinct pathologies
    • Forman MS, Squier W, Dobyns WB, et al. Genotypically defined lissencephalies show distinct pathologies. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2005;64:847-857.
    • (2005) J Neuropathol Exp Neurol , vol.64 , pp. 847-857
    • Forman, M.S.1    Squier, W.2    Dobyns, W.B.3
  • 69
    • 0342906570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autosomal recessive lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia is associated with human RELN mutations
    • Hong SE, Shugart YY, Huang DT, et al. Autosomal recessive lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia is associated with human RELN mutations. Nat Genet. 2000;26:93-96.
    • (2000) Nat Genet , vol.26 , pp. 93-96
    • Hong, S.E.1    Shugart, Y.Y.2    Huang, D.T.3
  • 70
    • 0036844387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation of ARX causes abnormal development of forebrain and testes in mice and X-linked lissencephaly with abnormal genitalia in humans
    • Kitamura K, Yanazawa M, Sugiyama N, et al. Mutation of ARX causes abnormal development of forebrain and testes in mice and X-linked lissencephaly with abnormal genitalia in humans. Nat Genet. 2002;32:359-369.
    • (2002) Nat Genet , vol.32 , pp. 359-369
    • Kitamura, K.1    Yanazawa, M.2    Sugiyama, N.3
  • 71
    • 0026780723 scopus 로고
    • Causal heterogeneity in isolated lissencephaly
    • Dobyns WB, Elias ER, Newlin AC, et al. Causal heterogeneity in isolated lissencephaly. Neurology. 1992;42:1375-1388.
    • (1992) Neurology , vol.42 , pp. 1375-1388
    • Dobyns, W.B.1    Elias, E.R.2    Newlin, A.C.3
  • 72
    • 0025968152 scopus 로고
    • Clinical and molecular diagnosis of Miller-Dieker syndrome
    • Dobyns WB, Curry CJ, Hoyme HE, et al. Clinical and molecular diagnosis of Miller-Dieker syndrome. Am J Hum Genet. 1991;48:584-594.
    • (1991) Am J Hum Genet , vol.48 , pp. 584-594
    • Dobyns, W.B.1    Curry, C.J.2    Hoyme, H.E.3
  • 73
    • 0025312631 scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic features and clinical signs of 21 patients with lissencephaly type 1
    • de Rijk-van Andel JF, Arts WFM, Barth PG, et al. Diagnostic features and clinical signs of 21 patients with lissencephaly type 1. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1990;32:707-717.
    • (1990) Dev Med Child Neurol , vol.32 , pp. 707-717
    • de Rijk-van Andel, J.F.1    Arts, W.F.M.2    Barth, P.G.3
  • 74
    • 0027486966 scopus 로고
    • Lissencephaly: A human brain malformation associated with deletion of the LIS1 gene located at chromosome 17p13
    • Dobyns WB, Reiner O, Carrozzo R, et al. Lissencephaly: a human brain malformation associated with deletion of the LIS1 gene located at chromosome 17p13. JAMA. 1993;23:2838-2842.
    • (1993) JAMA , vol.23 , pp. 2838-2842
    • Dobyns, W.B.1    Reiner, O.2    Carrozzo, R.3
  • 75
    • 0025734430 scopus 로고
    • The spectrum of lissencephaly: Report of ten patients analyzed by magnetic resonance imaging
    • Barkovich AJ, Koch TK, Carrol CL. The spectrum of lissencephaly: report of ten patients analyzed by magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Neurol. 1991;30:139-146.
    • (1991) Ann Neurol , vol.30 , pp. 139-146
    • Barkovich, A.J.1    Koch, T.K.2    Carrol, C.L.3
  • 76
    • 0038757833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 14-3-3epsilon is important for neuronal migration by binding to NUDEL: A molecular explanation for Miller-Dieker syndrome
    • Toyo-Oka K, Shionoya A, Gambello MJ, et al. 14-3-3epsilon is important for neuronal migration by binding to NUDEL: a molecular explanation for Miller-Dieker syndrome. Nat Genet. 2003;34:274-285.
    • (2003) Nat Genet , vol.34 , pp. 274-285
    • Toyo-Oka, K.1    Shionoya, A.2    Gambello, M.J.3
  • 77
    • 0022261205 scopus 로고
    • Computed tomographic appearance of lissencephaly syndromes
    • Dobyns WB, McCluggage CW. Computed tomographic appearance of lissencephaly syndromes. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1985;6:545-550.
    • (1985) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.6 , pp. 545-550
    • Dobyns, W.B.1    McCluggage, C.W.2
  • 78
    • 7844223263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LIS1 and XLIS (DCX) mutations cause most classical lissencephaly, but different patterns of malformation
    • Pilz DT, Matsumoto N, Minnerath SR, et al. LIS1 and XLIS (DCX) mutations cause most classical lissencephaly, but different patterns of malformation. Hum Mol Genet. 1998;7:2029-2037.
    • (1998) Hum Mol Genet , vol.7 , pp. 2029-2037
    • Pilz, D.T.1    Matsumoto, N.2    Minnerath, S.R.3
  • 79
    • 0033595252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in the gyral pattern distinguish chromosome 17- linked and X- linked lissencephaly
    • Dobyns WB, Truwit CL, Ross ME, et al. Differences in the gyral pattern distinguish chromosome 17- linked and X- linked lissencephaly. Neurology. 1999;53:270-277.
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.53 , pp. 270-277
    • Dobyns, W.B.1    Truwit, C.L.2    Ross, M.E.3
  • 80
    • 35648991438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large spectrum of lissencephaly and pachygyria phenotypes resulting from de novo missense mutations in tubulin alpha 1A (TUBA1A)
    • Poirier K, Keays DA, Francis F, et al. Large spectrum of lissencephaly and pachygyria phenotypes resulting from de novo missense mutations in tubulin alpha 1A (TUBA1A). Hum Mutat. 2007;28:1055-1064.
    • (2007) Hum Mutat , vol.28 , pp. 1055-1064
    • Poirier, K.1    Keays, D.A.2    Francis, F.3
  • 81
    • 0036135783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and molecular basis of classical lissencephaly: Mutations in the LIS1 gene (PAFAH1B1)
    • Cardoso C, Leventer RJ, Dowling JJ, et al. Clinical and molecular basis of classical lissencephaly: Mutations in the LIS1 gene (PAFAH1B1). Hum Mutat. 2002;19:4-15.
    • (2002) Hum Mutat , vol.19 , pp. 4-15
    • Cardoso, C.1    Leventer, R.J.2    Dowling, J.J.3
  • 82
    • 0027176708 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of a Miller-Dieker lissencephaly gene containing G protein beta-subunit-like repeats
    • Reiner O, Carrozzo R, Shen Y, et al. Isolation of a Miller-Dieker lissencephaly gene containing G protein beta-subunit-like repeats. Nature. 1993;364:717-721.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.364 , pp. 717-721
    • Reiner, O.1    Carrozzo, R.2    Shen, Y.3
  • 83
    • 0032498306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Doublecortin, a brain-specific gene mutated in human X-linked lissencephaly and double cortex syndrome, encodes a putative signaling protein
    • Gleeson JG, Allen KM, Fox JW, et al. Doublecortin, a brain-specific gene mutated in human X-linked lissencephaly and double cortex syndrome, encodes a putative signaling protein. Cell. 1998;92:63-72.
    • (1998) Cell , vol.92 , pp. 63-72
    • Gleeson, J.G.1    Allen, K.M.2    Fox, J.W.3
  • 84
    • 33846037932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in alpha-tubulin cause abnormal neuronal migration in mice and lissencephaly in humans
    • Keays DA, Tian G, Poirier K, et al. Mutations in alpha-tubulin cause abnormal neuronal migration in mice and lissencephaly in humans. Cell. 2007;128:45-57.
    • (2007) Cell , vol.128 , pp. 45-57
    • Keays, D.A.1    Tian, G.2    Poirier, K.3
  • 85
    • 20044365419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • X-linked lissencephaly with abnormal genitalia as a tangential migration disorder causing intractable epilepsy: Proposal for a new term, "interneuronopathy
    • Kato M, Dobyns WB. X-linked lissencephaly with abnormal genitalia as a tangential migration disorder causing intractable epilepsy: proposal for a new term, "interneuronopathy". J Child Neurol. 2005;20:392-397.
    • (2005) J Child Neurol , vol.20 , pp. 392-397
    • Kato, M.1    Dobyns, W.B.2
  • 86
    • 0035451327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LIS1: From cortical malformation to essential protein of cellular dynamics
    • Leventer RJ, Cardoso C, Ledbetter DH, et al. LIS1: from cortical malformation to essential protein of cellular dynamics. Trends Neurosci. 2001;24:489-492.
    • (2001) Trends Neurosci , vol.24 , pp. 489-492
    • Leventer, R.J.1    Cardoso, C.2    Ledbetter, D.H.3
  • 87
    • 0026055460 scopus 로고
    • Diffuse cortical dysplasia, or the 'double cortex' syndrome: The clinical and epileptic spectrum in 10 patients
    • Palmini A, Andermann F, Aicardi J, et al. Diffuse cortical dysplasia, or the 'double cortex' syndrome: the clinical and epileptic spectrum in 10 patients. Neurology. 1991;41:1656-1662.
    • (1991) Neurology , vol.41 , pp. 1656-1662
    • Palmini, A.1    Andermann, F.2    Aicardi, J.3
  • 88
    • 0028021189 scopus 로고
    • Subcortical laminar heterotopia and lissencephaly in two families: A single X-linked dominant gene
    • Pinard JM, Motte J, Chiron C, et al. Subcortical laminar heterotopia and lissencephaly in two families: a single X-linked dominant gene. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1994;57:914-920.
    • (1994) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.57 , pp. 914-920
    • Pinard, J.M.1    Motte, J.2    Chiron, C.3
  • 89
    • 0033967577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic and neuroradiological heterogeneity of double cortex syndrome
    • Gleeson JG, Luo RF, Grant PE, et al. Genetic and neuroradiological heterogeneity of double cortex syndrome. Ann Neurol. 2000;47:265-269.
    • (2000) Ann Neurol , vol.47 , pp. 265-269
    • Gleeson, J.G.1    Luo, R.F.2    Grant, P.E.3
  • 90
    • 0035942998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incomplete penetrance with normal MRI in a woman with germline mutation of the DCX gene
    • Demelas L, Serra G, Conti M, et al. Incomplete penetrance with normal MRI in a woman with germline mutation of the DCX gene. Neurology. 2001;57:327-330.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.57 , pp. 327-330
    • Demelas, L.1    Serra, G.2    Conti, M.3
  • 91
    • 10144257864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • X-linked malformations of neuronal migration
    • Dobyns WB, Andermann E, Andermann F, et al. X-linked malformations of neuronal migration. Neurology. 1996;47:331-339.
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.47 , pp. 331-339
    • Dobyns, W.B.1    Andermann, E.2    Andermann, F.3
  • 92
    • 0028024069 scopus 로고
    • Band heterotopia: Correlation of outcome with magnetic resonance imaging parameters
    • Barkovich AJ, Guerrini R, Battaglia A, et al. Band heterotopia: correlation of outcome with magnetic resonance imaging parameters. Ann Neurol. 1994;36:609-617.
    • (1994) Ann Neurol , vol.36 , pp. 609-617
    • Barkovich, A.J.1    Guerrini, R.2    Battaglia, A.3
  • 93
    • 0024513173 scopus 로고
    • Band heterotopias: A newly recognized neuronal migration anomaly
    • Barkovich AJ, Jackson DE, Boyer RS. Band heterotopias: a newly recognized neuronal migration anomaly. Radiology. 1989;171:455-458.
    • (1989) Radiology , vol.171 , pp. 455-458
    • Barkovich, A.J.1    Jackson, D.E.2    Boyer, R.S.3
  • 94
    • 0037188368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Males with epilepsy, complete subcortical band heterotopia, and somatic mosaicism for DCX
    • Poolos NP, Das S, Clark GD, et al. Males with epilepsy, complete subcortical band heterotopia, and somatic mosaicism for DCX. Neurology. 2002;58:1559-1562.
    • (2002) Neurology , vol.58 , pp. 1559-1562
    • Poolos, N.P.1    Das, S.2    Clark, G.D.3
  • 95
    • 0344423821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subcortical band heterotopia in rare affected males can be caused by missense mutations in DCX (XLIS) or LIS1
    • Pilz DT, Kuc J, Matsumoto N, et al. Subcortical band heterotopia in rare affected males can be caused by missense mutations in DCX (XLIS) or LIS1. Hum Mol Genet. 1999;8:1757-1760.
    • (1999) Hum Mol Genet , vol.8 , pp. 1757-1760
    • Pilz, D.T.1    Kuc, J.2    Matsumoto, N.3
  • 96
    • 17644434627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Band heterotopia or double cortex in a male: Bridging structures suggest abnormality of the radial glial guide system
    • Ono J, Mano T, Andermann E, et al. Band heterotopia or double cortex in a male: bridging structures suggest abnormality of the radial glial guide system. Neurology. 1997;48:1701-1703.
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.48 , pp. 1701-1703
    • Ono, J.1    Mano, T.2    Andermann, E.3
  • 97
    • 0034795551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation of the doublecortin gene in male patients with double cortex syndrome: Somatic mosaicism detected by hair root analysis
    • Kato M, Kanai M, Soma O, et al. Mutation of the doublecortin gene in male patients with double cortex syndrome: somatic mosaicism detected by hair root analysis. Ann Neurol. 2001;50:547-551.
    • (2001) Ann Neurol , vol.50 , pp. 547-551
    • Kato, M.1    Kanai, M.2    Soma, O.3
  • 98
    • 0035145745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation analysis of the DCX gene and genotype/phenotype correlation in subcortical band heterotopia
    • Matsumoto N, Leventer RJ, Kuc JA, et al. Mutation analysis of the DCX gene and genotype/phenotype correlation in subcortical band heterotopia. Eur J Hum Genet. 2001;9:5-12.
    • (2001) Eur J Hum Genet , vol.9 , pp. 5-12
    • Matsumoto, N.1    Leventer, R.J.2    Kuc, J.A.3
  • 99
    • 0038462285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonsyndromic mental retardation and cryptogenic epilepsy in women with Doublecortin gene mutations
    • Guerrini R, Moro F, Andermann E, et al. Nonsyndromic mental retardation and cryptogenic epilepsy in women with Doublecortin gene mutations. Ann Neurol. 2003;54:30-37.
    • (2003) Ann Neurol , vol.54 , pp. 30-37
    • Guerrini, R.1    Moro, F.2    Andermann, E.3
  • 100
    • 0344033815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mosaic mutations of the LIS1 gene cause subcortical band heterotopia
    • Sicca F, Kelemen A, Genton P, et al. Mosaic mutations of the LIS1 gene cause subcortical band heterotopia. Neurology. 2003;61:1042-1046.
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.61 , pp. 1042-1046
    • Sicca, F.1    Kelemen, A.2    Genton, P.3
  • 101
    • 0033595215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of trisomy 9p and band heterotopia
    • Federico A, Tomasetti P, Zollino M, et al. Association of trisomy 9p and band heterotopia. Neurology. 1999;53:430-432.
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.53 , pp. 430-432
    • Federico, A.1    Tomasetti, P.2    Zollino, M.3
  • 102
    • 0042233984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Familial bilateral medial parietooccipital band heterotopia not related to DCX or LIS1 gene defects
    • Deconinck N, Duprez T, des P, V, et al. Familial bilateral medial parietooccipital band heterotopia not related to DCX or LIS1 gene defects. Neuropediatrics. 2003;34:146-148.
    • (2003) Neuropediatrics , vol.34 , pp. 146-148
    • Deconinck, N.1    Duprez, T.2    des, P.V.3
  • 103
    • 0002977846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gray matter heterotopia
    • Guerrini R, Andermann F, Canapicchi R, et al, eds, 1st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott-Raven;
    • Harding BN. Gray matter heterotopia. In: Guerrini R, Andermann F, Canapicchi R, et al, eds. Dysplasias of Cerebral Cortex and Epilepsy. 1st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott-Raven; 1996:81-88.
    • (1996) Dysplasias of Cerebral Cortex and Epilepsy , pp. 81-88
    • Harding, B.N.1
  • 104
    • 0028856316 scopus 로고
    • Periventricular and subcortical nodular heterotopia. A study of 33 patients
    • Dubeau F, Tampieri D, Lee N, et al. Periventricular and subcortical nodular heterotopia. A study of 33 patients. Brain. 1995;118(Pt 5):1273-1287.
    • (1995) Brain , vol.118 , Issue.PART 5 , pp. 1273-1287
    • Dubeau, F.1    Tampieri, D.2    Lee, N.3
  • 105
    • 0031699627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seizure onset from periventricular nodular heterotopias: Depth- electrode study
    • Kothare SV, VanLandingham K, Armon C, et al. Seizure onset from periventricular nodular heterotopias: depth- electrode study. Neurology. 1998;51:1723-1727.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.51 , pp. 1723-1727
    • Kothare, S.V.1    VanLandingham, K.2    Armon, C.3
  • 106
    • 17744415149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Periventricular nodular heterotopia and intractable temporal lobe epilepsy: Poor outcome after temporal lobe resection
    • Li LM, Dubeau F, Andermann F, et al. Periventricular nodular heterotopia and intractable temporal lobe epilepsy: poor outcome after temporal lobe resection. Ann Neurol. 1997;41:662-668.
    • (1997) Ann Neurol , vol.41 , pp. 662-668
    • Li, L.M.1    Dubeau, F.2    Andermann, F.3
  • 107
    • 0032768926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional imaging in periventricular nodular heterotopia with the use of FDG-PET and HMPAO-SPECT
    • Morioka T, Nishio S, Sasaki M, et al. Functional imaging in periventricular nodular heterotopia with the use of FDG-PET and HMPAO-SPECT. Neurosurg Rev. 1999;22:41-44.
    • (1999) Neurosurg Rev , vol.22 , pp. 41-44
    • Morioka, T.1    Nishio, S.2    Sasaki, M.3
  • 108
  • 109
    • 0032901593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of nodular neuronal heterotopia in children
    • Hannan AJ, Servotte S, Katsnelson A, et al. Characterization of nodular neuronal heterotopia in children. Brain. 1999;122(Pt 2):219-238.
    • (1999) Brain , vol.122 , Issue.PART 2 , pp. 219-238
    • Hannan, A.J.1    Servotte, S.2    Katsnelson, A.3
  • 110
    • 0032422555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in filamin 1 prevent migration of cerebral cortical neurons in human periventricular heterotopia
    • Fox JW, Lamperti ED, Eksioglu YZ, et al. Mutations in filamin 1 prevent migration of cerebral cortical neurons in human periventricular heterotopia. Neuron. 1998;21:1315-1325.
    • (1998) Neuron , vol.21 , pp. 1315-1325
    • Fox, J.W.1    Lamperti, E.D.2    Eksioglu, Y.Z.3
  • 111
    • 0026543374 scopus 로고
    • Actin-binding protein requirement for cortical stability and efficient locomotion
    • Cunningham CC, Gorlin JB, Kwiatkowski DJ, et al. Actin-binding protein requirement for cortical stability and efficient locomotion. Science. 1992;255:325-327.
    • (1992) Science , vol.255 , pp. 325-327
    • Cunningham, C.C.1    Gorlin, J.B.2    Kwiatkowski, D.J.3
  • 112
    • 0035880455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the X-linked filamin 1 gene cause periventricular nodular heterotopia in males as well as in females
    • Sheen VL, Dixon PH, Fox JW, et al. Mutations in the X-linked filamin 1 gene cause periventricular nodular heterotopia in males as well as in females. Hum Mol Genet. 2001;10:1775-1783.
    • (2001) Hum Mol Genet , vol.10 , pp. 1775-1783
    • Sheen, V.L.1    Dixon, P.H.2    Fox, J.W.3
  • 113
    • 0033736569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Periventricular nodular heterotopia in patients with filamin-1 gene mutations: Neuroimaging findings
    • Poussaint TY, Fox JW, Dobyns WB, et al. Periventricular nodular heterotopia in patients with filamin-1 gene mutations: neuroimaging findings. Pediatr Radiol. 2000;30:748-755.
    • (2000) Pediatr Radiol , vol.30 , pp. 748-755
    • Poussaint, T.Y.1    Fox, J.W.2    Dobyns, W.B.3
  • 114
    • 33745685474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Periventricular heterotopia: Phenotypic heterogeneity and correlation with Filamin A mutations
    • Parrini E, Ramazzotti A, Dobyns WB, et al. Periventricular heterotopia: phenotypic heterogeneity and correlation with Filamin A mutations. Brain. 2006;129:1892-1906.
    • (2006) Brain , vol.129 , pp. 1892-1906
    • Parrini, E.1    Ramazzotti, A.2    Dobyns, W.B.3
  • 115
    • 9144274368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in ARFGEF2 implicate vesicle trafficking in neural progenitor proliferation and migration in the human cerebral cortex
    • Sheen VL, Ganesh VS, Topcu M, et al. Mutations in ARFGEF2 implicate vesicle trafficking in neural progenitor proliferation and migration in the human cerebral cortex. Nat Genet. 2004;36:69-76.
    • (2004) Nat Genet , vol.36 , pp. 69-76
    • Sheen, V.L.1    Ganesh, V.S.2    Topcu, M.3
  • 116
    • 0037465847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Periventricular heterotopia associated with chromosome 5p anomalies
    • Sheen VL, Wheless JW, Bodell A, et al. Periventricular heterotopia associated with chromosome 5p anomalies. Neurology. 2003;60:1033-1036.
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.60 , pp. 1033-1036
    • Sheen, V.L.1    Wheless, J.W.2    Bodell, A.3
  • 117
    • 0000201527 scopus 로고
    • Large defects in cerebral hemispheres associated with cortical dysgenesis
    • Dekaban A. Large defects in cerebral hemispheres associated with cortical dysgenesis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1965;24:512-530.
    • (1965) J Neuropathol Exp Neurol , vol.24 , pp. 512-530
    • Dekaban, A.1
  • 118
    • 0026044593 scopus 로고
    • Unlayered polymicrogyria: Structural and developmental aspects
    • Ferrer I, Catala I. Unlayered polymicrogyria: structural and developmental aspects. Anat Embryol (Berl). 1991;184:517-528.
    • (1991) Anat Embryol (Berl) , vol.184 , pp. 517-528
    • Ferrer, I.1    Catala, I.2
  • 119
    • 84933611304 scopus 로고
    • Zur kenntnis der mikrogyrie.
    • Niewhuijse P. Zur kenntnis der mikrogyrie. Psychiatr Neurol Bl. 1913;17:9-53.
    • (1913) Psychiatr Neurol Bl , vol.17 , pp. 9-53
    • Niewhuijse, P.1
  • 120
    • 0019997554 scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of four-layered microgyric cortex in man
    • McBride MC, Kemper TL. Pathogenesis of four-layered microgyric cortex in man. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1982;57:93-98.
    • (1982) Acta Neuropathol (Berl) , vol.57 , pp. 93-98
    • McBride, M.C.1    Kemper, T.L.2
  • 121
    • 0027473939 scopus 로고
    • Congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome: Study of 31 patients
    • Kuzniecky RI, Andermann F, Guerrini R. Congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome: study of 31 patients. Lancet. 1993;341:608-612.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.341 , pp. 608-612
    • Kuzniecky, R.I.1    Andermann, F.2    Guerrini, R.3
  • 122
    • 0030822047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pediatric congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome: Clinical and MRI features in 12 patients
    • Gropman AL, Barkovich AJ, Vezina LG, et al. Pediatric congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome: clinical and MRI features in 12 patients. Neuropediatrics. 1997;28:198-203.
    • (1997) Neuropediatrics , vol.28 , pp. 198-203
    • Gropman, A.L.1    Barkovich, A.J.2    Vezina, L.G.3
  • 123
    • 0141888721 scopus 로고
    • Uber umschriebene, mikrogyrische Verbildungen an der Grosshirnoberflache und ihre Beziehung zur Porencephalie.
    • Oekonmakis M. Uber umschriebene, mikrogyrische Verbildungen an der Grosshirnoberflache und ihre Beziehung zur Porencephalie. Arch Psychiatrie Nervenkrank. 1905;39:676.
    • (1905) Arch Psychiatrie Nervenkrank , vol.39 , pp. 676
    • Oekonmakis, M.1
  • 124
    • 0031748797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Congenital bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria presenting as congenital hemiplegia
    • Miller SP, Shevell M, Rosenblatt B, et al. Congenital bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria presenting as congenital hemiplegia. Neurology. 1998;50:1866-1869.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.50 , pp. 1866-1869
    • Miller, S.P.1    Shevell, M.2    Rosenblatt, B.3
  • 125
    • 0030054674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Congenital unilateral perisylvian syndrome: Radiological basis and clinical correlations
    • Sebire G, Husson B, Dusser A, et al. Congenital unilateral perisylvian syndrome: radiological basis and clinical correlations. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1996;61:52-56.
    • (1996) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.61 , pp. 52-56
    • Sebire, G.1    Husson, B.2    Dusser, A.3
  • 126
    • 0034700961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bilateral frontal polymicrogyria: A newly recognized brain malformation syndrome
    • Guerrini R, Barkovich AJ, Sztriha L, et al. Bilateral frontal polymicrogyria: a newly recognized brain malformation syndrome. Neurology. 2000;54:909-913.
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.54 , pp. 909-913
    • Guerrini, R.1    Barkovich, A.J.2    Sztriha, L.3
  • 127
    • 0038416095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria: Clinical and radiological features in 10 families with linkage to chromosome 16
    • Chang BS, Piao X, Bodell A, et al. Bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria: clinical and radiological features in 10 families with linkage to chromosome 16. Ann Neurol. 2003;53:596-606.
    • (2003) Ann Neurol , vol.53 , pp. 596-606
    • Chang, B.S.1    Piao, X.2    Bodell, A.3
  • 128
    • 18244413664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bilateral parasagittal parietooccipital polymicrogyria and epilepsy
    • Guerrini R, Dubeau F, Dulac O, et al. Bilateral parasagittal parietooccipital polymicrogyria and epilepsy. Ann Neurol. 1997;41:65-73.
    • (1997) Ann Neurol , vol.41 , pp. 65-73
    • Guerrini, R.1    Dubeau, F.2    Dulac, O.3
  • 129
    • 0028795670 scopus 로고
    • Posterior agyria-pachygyria with polymicrogyria: Evidence for an inherited neuronal migration disorder
    • Ferrie CD, Jackson GD, Giannakodimos S, et al. Posterior agyria-pachygyria with polymicrogyria: evidence for an inherited neuronal migration disorder. Neurology. 1995;45:150-153.
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , pp. 150-153
    • Ferrie, C.D.1    Jackson, G.D.2    Giannakodimos, S.3
  • 130
    • 0031723314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guerrini R, Genton P, Bureau M, et al. Multilobar polymicrogyria, intractable drop attack seizures, and sleep- related electrical status epilepticus. Neurology. 1998;51:504-512.
    • Guerrini R, Genton P, Bureau M, et al. Multilobar polymicrogyria, intractable drop attack seizures, and sleep- related electrical status epilepticus. Neurology. 1998;51:504-512.
  • 131
    • 2442674052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bilateral generalized polymicrogyria (BGP): A distinct syndrome of cortical malformation
    • Chang BS, Piao X, Giannini C, et al. Bilateral generalized polymicrogyria (BGP): a distinct syndrome of cortical malformation. Neurology. 2004;62:1722-1728.
    • (2004) Neurology , vol.62 , pp. 1722-1728
    • Chang, B.S.1    Piao, X.2    Giannini, C.3
  • 133
    • 0028294602 scopus 로고
    • The epileptic spectrum in the congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome
    • Kuzniecky RI, Andermann F, Guerrini R, et al. The epileptic spectrum in the congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome. Neurology. 1994;44:379-385.
    • (1994) Neurology , vol.44 , pp. 379-385
    • Kuzniecky, R.I.1    Andermann, F.2    Guerrini, R.3
  • 134
    • 0028651883 scopus 로고
    • Infantile spasms: An early epileptic manifestation in some patients with the congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome
    • Kuzniecky R, Andermann F, Guerrini R. Infantile spasms: an early epileptic manifestation in some patients with the congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome. J Child Neurol. 1994;9:420-423.
    • (1994) J Child Neurol , vol.9 , pp. 420-423
    • Kuzniecky, R.1    Andermann, F.2    Guerrini, R.3
  • 135
    • 0024338250 scopus 로고
    • The CT and MR evaluation of migrational disorders of the brain. Part II. Schizencephaly, heterotopia and polymicrogyria
    • Byrd SE, Osborn RE, Bohan TP, et al. The CT and MR evaluation of migrational disorders of the brain. Part II. Schizencephaly, heterotopia and polymicrogyria. Pediatr Radiol. 1989;19:219-222.
    • (1989) Pediatr Radiol , vol.19 , pp. 219-222
    • Byrd, S.E.1    Osborn, R.E.2    Bohan, T.P.3
  • 137
    • 0027972653 scopus 로고
    • CBPS Study Group. The congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome: Imaging findings in a multicenter study
    • Kuzniecky RI, Andermann F, CBPS Study Group. The congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome: imaging findings in a multicenter study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1994;15:139-144.
    • (1994) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.15 , pp. 139-144
    • Kuzniecky, R.I.1    Andermann, F.2
  • 138
    • 8044256494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroimaging of focal malformations of cortical development
    • Barkovich AJ, Kuzniecky RI. Neuroimaging of focal malformations of cortical development. J Clin Neurophysiol. 1996;13:481-494.
    • (1996) J Clin Neurophysiol , vol.13 , pp. 481-494
    • Barkovich, A.J.1    Kuzniecky, R.I.2
  • 139
    • 42149149506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raybaud C, Gerard N, Canto-Moreira N, et al. High-definition magnetic resonance imaging identification of cortical dysplasias: micropolygyria versus lissencphaly. In: Guerrini R, Andermann F, Canapicchi R, et al, eds. Dysplasias of Cerebral Cortex and Epilepsy. 1st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: LipincottRaven; 1996:131-143.
    • Raybaud C, Gerard N, Canto-Moreira N, et al. High-definition magnetic resonance imaging identification of cortical dysplasias: micropolygyria versus lissencphaly. In: Guerrini R, Andermann F, Canapicchi R, et al, eds. Dysplasias of Cerebral Cortex and Epilepsy. 1st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: LipincottRaven; 1996:131-143.
  • 141
    • 0028226833 scopus 로고
    • Congenital cytomegalovirus infection of the brain: Imaging analysis and embryologic considerations
    • Barkovich AJ, Lindan CE. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection of the brain: imaging analysis and embryologic considerations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1994;15:703-715.
    • (1994) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.15 , pp. 703-715
    • Barkovich, A.J.1    Lindan, C.E.2
  • 142
    • 0026069105 scopus 로고
    • The MR spectrum of peroxisomal disorders
    • van der Knaap MS, Valk J. The MR spectrum of peroxisomal disorders. Neuroradiology. 1991;33:30-37.
    • (1991) Neuroradiology , vol.33 , pp. 30-37
    • van der Knaap, M.S.1    Valk, J.2
  • 144
    • 0031915477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytomegalovirus infection and schizencephaly: Case reports
    • Iannetti P, Nigro G, Spalice A, et al. Cytomegalovirus infection and schizencephaly: case reports. Ann Neurol. 1998;43:123-127.
    • (1998) Ann Neurol , vol.43 , pp. 123-127
    • Iannetti, P.1    Nigro, G.2    Spalice, A.3
  • 145
    • 0025852593 scopus 로고
    • Lissencephaly-pachygyria associated with congenital cytomegalovirus infection
    • Hayward JC, Titelbaum DS, Clancy RR, et al. Lissencephaly-pachygyria associated with congenital cytomegalovirus infection. J Child Neurol. 1991;6:109-114.
    • (1991) J Child Neurol , vol.6 , pp. 109-114
    • Hayward, J.C.1    Titelbaum, D.S.2    Clancy, R.R.3
  • 146
    • 0006588232 scopus 로고
    • Microgyria and cytomegalic inclusion disease in infancy
    • Crome L, France NE. Microgyria and cytomegalic inclusion disease in infancy. J Clin Pathol. 1959;12:427.
    • (1959) J Clin Pathol , vol.12 , pp. 427
    • Crome, L.1    France, N.E.2
  • 147
    • 0023615013 scopus 로고
    • The cerebro-hepato-renal (Zellweger) syndrome and other peroxisomal disorders
    • Zellweger H. The cerebro-hepato-renal (Zellweger) syndrome and other peroxisomal disorders. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1987;29:821-829.
    • (1987) Dev Med Child Neurol , vol.29 , pp. 821-829
    • Zellweger, H.1
  • 148
    • 0030033412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal migration abnormality in peroxisomal afunctional enzyme defect
    • Kaufmann WE, Theda C, Naidu S, et al. Neuronal migration abnormality in peroxisomal afunctional enzyme defect. Ann Neurol. 1996;39:268-271.
    • (1996) Ann Neurol , vol.39 , pp. 268-271
    • Kaufmann, W.E.1    Theda, C.2    Naidu, S.3
  • 149
    • 0034641604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of PEX3 as the gene mutated in a zellweger syndrome patient lacking peroxisomal remnant structures
    • Shimozawa N, Suzuki Y, Zhang Z, et al. Identification of PEX3 as the gene mutated in a zellweger syndrome patient lacking peroxisomal remnant structures. Hum Mol Genet. 2000;9:1995-1999.
    • (2000) Hum Mol Genet , vol.9 , pp. 1995-1999
    • Shimozawa, N.1    Suzuki, Y.2    Zhang, Z.3
  • 150
    • 0035684152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisomal disorders
    • Raymond GV. Peroxisomal disorders. Curr Opin Neurol. 2001;14:783-787.
    • (2001) Curr Opin Neurol , vol.14 , pp. 783-787
    • Raymond, G.V.1
  • 151
    • 18844370078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics of the polymicrogyria syndromes
    • Jansen A, Andermann E. Genetics of the polymicrogyria syndromes. J Med Genet. 2005;42:369-378.
    • (2005) J Med Genet , vol.42 , pp. 369-378
    • Jansen, A.1    Andermann, E.2
  • 152
    • 0033930097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Familial perisylvian polymicrogyria: A new familial syndrome of cortical maldevelopment
    • Guerreiro MM, Andermann E, Guerrini R, et al. Familial perisylvian polymicrogyria: a new familial syndrome of cortical maldevelopment. Ann Neurol. 2000;48:39-48.
    • (2000) Ann Neurol , vol.48 , pp. 39-48
    • Guerreiro, M.M.1    Andermann, E.2    Guerrini, R.3
  • 153
    • 12144286654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • G protein-coupled receptor-dependent development of human frontal cortex
    • Piao X, Hill RS, Bodell A, et al. G protein-coupled receptor-dependent development of human frontal cortex. Science. 2004;303:2033-2036.
    • (2004) Science , vol.303 , pp. 2033-2036
    • Piao, X.1    Hill, R.S.2    Bodell, A.3
  • 154
    • 0029893710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cobblestone lissencephaly with normal eyes and muscle
    • Dobyns WB, Patton MA, Stratton RF, et al. Cobblestone lissencephaly with normal eyes and muscle. Neuropediatrics. 1996;27:70-75.
    • (1996) Neuropediatrics , vol.27 , pp. 70-75
    • Dobyns, W.B.1    Patton, M.A.2    Stratton, R.F.3
  • 155
    • 34548390149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disease-associated mutations affect GPR56 protein trafficking and cell surface expression
    • Jin Z, Tietjen I, Bu L, et al. Disease-associated mutations affect GPR56 protein trafficking and cell surface expression. Hum Mol Genet. 2007;16:1972-1985.
    • (2007) Hum Mol Genet , vol.16 , pp. 1972-1985
    • Jin, Z.1    Tietjen, I.2    Bu, L.3
  • 156
    • 33645115357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SRPX2 mutations in disorders of language cortex and cognition
    • Roll P, Rudolf G, Pereira S, et al. SRPX2 mutations in disorders of language cortex and cognition. Hum Mol Genet. 2006;15:1195-1207.
    • (2006) Hum Mol Genet , vol.15 , pp. 1195-1207
    • Roll, P.1    Rudolf, G.2    Pereira, S.3
  • 157
    • 33750580533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymicrogyria and deletion 22q11.2 syndrome: Window to the etiology of a common cortical malformation
    • Robin NH, Taylor CJ, Donald-McGinn DM, et al. Polymicrogyria and deletion 22q11.2 syndrome: window to the etiology of a common cortical malformation. Am J Med Genet A. 2006;140:2416-2425.
    • (2006) Am J Med Genet A , vol.140 , pp. 2416-2425
    • Robin, N.H.1    Taylor, C.J.2    Donald-McGinn, D.M.3
  • 158
    • 0000541397 scopus 로고
    • Schizencephalies: A study of the congenital clefts in the cerebral mantle. I. Clefts with fused lips
    • Yakovlev PI, Wadsworth RC. Schizencephalies: a study of the congenital clefts in the cerebral mantle. I. Clefts with fused lips. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1946;5:116-130.
    • (1946) J Neuropathol Exp Neurol , vol.5 , pp. 116-130
    • Yakovlev, P.I.1    Wadsworth, R.C.2
  • 159
    • 0000541396 scopus 로고
    • Schizencephalies: A study of the congenital clefts in the cerebral mantle II. Clefts with hydrocephalus and lips separated
    • Yakovlev PI, Wadsworth RC. Schizencephalies: a study of the congenital clefts in the cerebral mantle II. Clefts with hydrocephalus and lips separated. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1946;5:169-206.
    • (1946) J Neuropathol Exp Neurol , vol.5 , pp. 169-206
    • Yakovlev, P.I.1    Wadsworth, R.C.2
  • 160
    • 0004258302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins;
    • Barkovich AJ. Paediatric Neuroimaging. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2000.
    • (2000) Paediatric Neuroimaging
    • Barkovich, A.J.1
  • 161
    • 0024571432 scopus 로고
    • Absence of the septum pellucidum: A useful sign in the diagnosis of congenital brain malformations
    • Barkovich AJ, Norman D. Absence of the septum pellucidum: a useful sign in the diagnosis of congenital brain malformations. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1989;152:353-360.
    • (1989) AJR Am J Roentgenol , vol.152 , pp. 353-360
    • Barkovich, A.J.1    Norman, D.2
  • 162
    • 0342813139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schizencephaly: Correlations of clinical and radiologic features
    • Packard AM, Miller VS, Delgado MR. Schizencephaly: correlations of clinical and radiologic features. Neurology. 1997;48:1427-1434.
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.48 , pp. 1427-1434
    • Packard, A.M.1    Miller, V.S.2    Delgado, M.R.3
  • 163
    • 0029806567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schizencephaly: Neuroradiologic and epileptologic findings
    • Granata T, Battaglia G, D'Incerti L, et al. Schizencephaly: neuroradiologic and epileptologic findings. Epilepsia. 1996;37:1185-1193.
    • (1996) Epilepsia , vol.37 , pp. 1185-1193
    • Granata, T.1    Battaglia, G.2    D'Incerti, L.3
  • 164
    • 0026563229 scopus 로고
    • Schizencephaly: Correlation of clinical findings with MR characteristics
    • Barkovich AJ, Kjos BO. Schizencephaly: correlation of clinical findings with MR characteristics. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1992;13:85-94.
    • (1992) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.13 , pp. 85-94
    • Barkovich, A.J.1    Kjos, B.O.2
  • 165
    • 0033694912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schizencephaly: Clinical and imaging features in 30 infantile cases
    • Denis D, Chateil JF, Brun M, et al. Schizencephaly: clinical and imaging features in 30 infantile cases. Brain Dev. 2000;22:475-483.
    • (2000) Brain Dev , vol.22 , pp. 475-483
    • Denis, D.1    Chateil, J.F.2    Brun, M.3
  • 166
    • 0027312389 scopus 로고
    • Comprehensive evaluation of left hemisphere type I schizencephaly
    • Brown MC, Levin BE, Ramsay RE, et al. Comprehensive evaluation of left hemisphere type I schizencephaly. Arch Neurol. 1993;50:667-669.
    • (1993) Arch Neurol , vol.50 , pp. 667-669
    • Brown, M.C.1    Levin, B.E.2    Ramsay, R.E.3
  • 167
    • 0027614198 scopus 로고
    • Severe schizencephaly without neurological abnormality
    • Bisgard C, Herning M. Severe schizencephaly without neurological abnormality. Seizure. 1993;2:151-153.
    • (1993) Seizure , vol.2 , pp. 151-153
    • Bisgard, C.1    Herning, M.2
  • 168
    • 0029799622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An unusual clinical presentation of bilateral schizencephaly
    • Avellanet M, Mirapeix RM, Escudero D, et al. An unusual clinical presentation of bilateral schizencephaly. Surg Radiol Anat. 1996;18:271-273.
    • (1996) Surg Radiol Anat , vol.18 , pp. 271-273
    • Avellanet, M.1    Mirapeix, R.M.2    Escudero, D.3
  • 169
    • 0344182419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adult-onset neurologic dysfunction associated with cortical malformations
    • Cho WH, Seidenwurm D, Barkovich AJ. Adult-onset neurologic dysfunction associated with cortical malformations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1999;20:1037-1043.
    • (1999) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.20 , pp. 1037-1043
    • Cho, W.H.1    Seidenwurm, D.2    Barkovich, A.J.3
  • 171
    • 0031813276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schizencephaly and congenital cytomegalovirus infection
    • Sener RN. Schizencephaly and congenital cytomegalovirus infection. J Neuroradiol. 1998;25:151-152.
    • (1998) J Neuroradiol , vol.25 , pp. 151-152
    • Sener, R.N.1
  • 172
    • 0028074990 scopus 로고
    • Schizencephaly, consequence of a developmental vasculopathy? A clinicopathological report
    • Landrieu P, Lacroix C. Schizencephaly, consequence of a developmental vasculopathy? A clinicopathological report. Clin Neuropathol. 1994;13:192-196.
    • (1994) Clin Neuropathol , vol.13 , pp. 192-196
    • Landrieu, P.1    Lacroix, C.2
  • 174
    • 20044385426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EMX2-independent familial schizencephaly: Clinical and genetic analyses
    • Tietjen I, Erdogan F, Currier S, et al. EMX2-independent familial schizencephaly: clinical and genetic analyses. Am J Med Genet A. 2005;135:166-170.
    • (2005) Am J Med Genet A , vol.135 , pp. 166-170
    • Tietjen, I.1    Erdogan, F.2    Currier, S.3
  • 175
    • 0030975567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Familial schizencephaly associated with EMX2 mutation
    • Granata T, Farina L, Faiella A, et al. Familial schizencephaly associated with EMX2 mutation. Neurology. 1997;48:1403-1406.
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.48 , pp. 1403-1406
    • Granata, T.1    Farina, L.2    Faiella, A.3
  • 176
    • 0030065606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Germline mutations in the homeobox gene EMX2 in patients with severe schizencephaly
    • Brunelli S, Faiella A, Capra A, et al. Germline mutations in the homeobox gene EMX2 in patients with severe schizencephaly. Nat Genet. 1996;12:94-96.
    • (1996) Nat Genet , vol.12 , pp. 94-96
    • Brunelli, S.1    Faiella, A.2    Capra, A.3
  • 177
    • 0030707886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A number of schizencephaly patients including 2 brothers are heterozygous for germline mutations in the homeobox gene EMX2
    • Faiella A, Brunelli S, Granata T, et al. A number of schizencephaly patients including 2 brothers are heterozygous for germline mutations in the homeobox gene EMX2. Eur J Hum Genet. 1997;5:186-190.
    • (1997) Eur J Hum Genet , vol.5 , pp. 186-190
    • Faiella, A.1    Brunelli, S.2    Granata, T.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.