"Outside-to-inside" (and now back to "outside") pathogenic mechanisms in atopic dermatitis

Journal of Investigative Dermatology

Volumn 128, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 1067-1070

  Elias, Peter M ^a,b,d   Steinhoff, Martin ^b,c  

^a SAN FRANCISCO VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MÜNSTER   (Germany)

^d VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

IMMUNOGLOBULIN E;

ATOPIC DERMATITIS; DENDRITIC CELL; HELPER CELL; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; NOTE; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PRURITUS; SKIN DISEASE;

EID: 42149101196     PISSN: 0022202X     EISSN: 15231747     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/jid.2008.88     Document Type: Note

References (39)

1. Aberg KM, Radek KA, Choi EH, Kim DK, Demerjian M, Hupe M et al. (2007) Psychological stress downregulates epidermal antimicrobial peptide expression and increases severity of cutaneous infections in mice. J Clin Invest 117:3339-49
2. Altemus M, Rao B, Dhabhar FS, Ding W, Granstein RD (2001) Stress-induced changes in skin barrier function in healthy women. J Invest Dermatol 117:309-17
3. Baker BS (2006) The role of microorganisms in atopic dermatitis. Clin Exp Immunol 144:1-9
4. Boguniewicz M, Leung DY (2006) Atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 117:S475-80
5. Brattsand M, Stefansson K, Lundh C, Haasum Y, Egelrud T (2005) A proteolytic cascade of kallikreins in the stratum corneum. J Invest Dermatol 124:198-203
6. Chamlin SL, Kao J, Frieden IJ, Sheu MY, Fowler AJ, Fluhr JW et al. (2002) Ceramide-dominant barrier repair lipids alleviate childhood atopic dermatitis: changes in barrier function provide a sensitive indicator of disease activity. J Am Acad Dermatol 47:198-208
7. Cork MJ, Britton J, Butler L, Young S, Murphy R, Keohane SG (2003) Comparison of parent knowledge, therapy utilization and severity of atopic eczema before and after explanation and demonstration of topical therapies by a specialist dermatology nurse. Br J Dermatol 149:582-9
8. Cork MJ, Robinson DA, Vasilopoulos Y, Ferguson A, Moustafa M, MacGowan A et al. (2006) New perspectives on epidermal barrier dysfunction in atopic dermatitis: gene-environment interactions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 118:3-21; quiz 22-3
9. Demerjian M, Hachem JP, Tschachler E, Denecker G, Declercq W, Vandenabeele P et al. (2008) Acute modulations in permeability barrier function regulate epidermal cornification: role of caspase-14 and the protease-activated receptor type 2. Am J Pathol 172:86-97
10. Elias PM (2005) Stratum corneum defensive functions: an integrated view. J Invest Dermatol 125:183-200
11. Elias PM (2007) The skin barrier as an innate immune element. Semin Immunopathol 29:3-14
12. Elias PM, Choi EH (2005) Interactions among stratum corneum defensive functions. Exp Dermatol 14:719-26
13. Elias PM, Feingold KR (2001) Does the tail wag the dog? Role of the barrier in the pathogenesis of inflammatory dermatoses and therapeutic implications. Arch Dermatol 137:1079-81
14. Elias PM, Menon GK (1991) Structural and lipid biochemical correlates of the epidermal permeability barrier. Adv Lipid Res 24:1-26
15. Elias P, Hatano Y, Williams M (in press) Basis for the barrier abnormality in atopic dermatitis: "outside-inside-outside" pathogenic mechanisms. J Allergy Clin Immunol
16. Hachem JP, Fowler A, Behne M, Fluhr J, Feingold KR, Elias PM (2002) Increased stratum corneum pH promotes activation and release of primary cytokines from the stratum corneum attributable to activation of serine proteases. J Invest Dermatol 119:207-350, abstr 30 6
17. Hachem JP, Houben E, Crumrine D, Man MQ, Schurer N, Roelandt T et al. (2006) Serine protease signaling of epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis. J Invest Dermatol 126:2074-86
18. Hatano Y, Terashi H, Arakawa S, Katagiri K (2005) Interleukin-4 suppresses the enhancement of ceramide synthesis and cutaneous permeability barrier functions induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma in human epidermis. J Invest Dermatol 124:786-92
19. Howell MD, Kim BE, Gao P, Grant AV, Boguniewicz M, Debenedetto A et al. (2007) Cytokine modulation of atopic dermatitis filaggrin skin expression. J Allergy Clin Immunol 120:150-5
20. Hudson TJ (2006) Skin barrier function and allergic risk. Nat Genet 38:399-400
21. Irvine AD, McLean WH (2006) Breaking the (un)sound barrier: filaggrin is a major gene for atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 126:1200-2
22. Kobayashi J, Inai T, Morita K, Moroi Y, Urabe K, Shibata Y et al. (2004) Reciprocal regulation of permeability through a cultured keratinocyte sheet by IFN-gamma and IL-4. Cytokine 28:186-9
23. Krien PM, Kermici M (2000) Evidence for the existence of a self-regulated enzymatic process within the human stratum corneum - an unexpected role for urocanic acid. J Invest Dermatol 115:414-20
24. Kurahashi R, Hatano Y, Katagiri K (2008) IL-4 suppresses the recovery of cutaneous permeability barrier functions in vivo. J Invest Dermatol. 128:1329-31
25. Leung DY (2000) Atopic dermatitis: new insights and opportunities for therapeutic intervention. J Allergy Clin Immunol 105:860-76
26. Leung DY, Boguniewicz M, Howell MD, Nomura I, Hamid QA (2004) New insights into atopic dermatitis. J Clin Invest 113:651-7
27. Nylander-Lundqvist E, Back O, Egelrud T (1996) IL-1 beta activation in human epidermis. J Immunol 157:1699-704
28. Palmer CN, Irvine AD, Terron-Kwiatkowski A, Zhao Y, Liao H, Lee SP et al. (2006) Common loss-of-function variants of the epidermal barrier protein filaggrin are a major predisposing factor for atopic dermatitis. Nat Genet 38:441-6
29. Paus R, Schmelz M, Biro T, Steinhoff M (2006) Frontiers in pruritus research: scratching the brain for more effective itch therapy. J Clin Invest 116:1174-86
30. Proksch E, Folster-Holst R, Jensen JM (2006) Skin barrier function, epidermal proliferation and differentiation in eczema. J Dermatol Sci 43:159-69
31. Roosterman D, Goerge T, Schneider SW, Bunnett NW, Steinhoff M (2006) Neuronal control of skin function: the skin as a neuroimmunoendocrine organ. Physiol Rev 86:1309-79
32. Sandilands A, Terron-Kwiatkowski A, Hull PR, O'Regan GM, Clayton TH, Watson RM et al. (2007) Comprehensive analysis of the gene encoding filaggrin uncovers prevalent and rare mutations in ichthyosis vulgaris and atopic eczema. Nat Genet 39:650-4
33. Smith FJ, Irvine AD, Terron-Kwiatkowski A, Sandilands A, Campbell LE, Zhao Y et al. (2006) Loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding filaggrin cause ichthyosis vulgaris. Nat Genet 38:337-42
34. Stefansson K, Brattsand M, Roosterman D, Kempkes C, Bocheva G, Steinhoff M et al. (2008) Activation of proteinase-activated receptor-2 by human kallikrein-related peptidases. J Invest Dermatol 128:18-25
35. Steinhoff M, Vergnolle N, Young SH, Tognetto M, Amadesi S, Ennes HS et al. (2000) Agonists of proteinase-activated receptor 2 induce inflammation by a neurogenic mechanism. Nat Med 6:151-8
36. Steinhoff M, Buddenkotte J, Shpacovitch V, Rattenholl A, Moormann C, Vergnolle N et al. (2005) Proteinase-activated receptors: transducers of proteinase-mediated signaling in inflammation and immune response. Endocr Rev 26:1-43
37. Steinhoff M, Bienenstock J, Schmelz M, Maurer M, Wei E, Biro T (2006) Neurophysiological, neuroimmunological, and neuroendocrine basis of pruritus. J Invest Dermatol 126:1705-18
38. Sugarman J, Parish LJ (2008) A topical lipid-based barrier repair formulation (EpiCeram) cream is high-effective monotherapy for moderate-to-severe pediatric atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 128 (Suppl. 1):S54 [Abstract]
39. Weidinger S, Illig T, Baurecht H, Irvine AD, Rodriguez E, Diaz-Lacava A et al. (2006) Loss-of-function variations within the filaggrin gene predispose for atopic dermatitis with allergic sensitizations. J Allergy Clin Immunol 118:214-9