메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 3, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 207-213

Cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected patients: Does HIV infection in and of itself increase cardiovascular risk?

Author keywords

Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular risk factors; HIV

Indexed keywords

ABC TRANSPORTER A1; ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; VIRUS PROTEIN;

EID: 42049090158     PISSN: 1746630X     EISSN: 17466318     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/COH.0b013e3282fb7ba6     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (12)

References (69)
  • 1
    • 10344265934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of myocardial infarction and stroke after acute infection or vaccination
    • Smeeth L, Thomas SL, Hall AJ, et al. Risk of myocardial infarction and stroke after acute infection or vaccination. N Engl J Med 2004; 351:2611-2618.
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.351 , pp. 2611-2618
    • Smeeth, L.1    Thomas, S.L.2    Hall, A.J.3
  • 2
    • 34547876626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influenza epidemics and acute respiratory disease activity are associated with a surge in autopsy-confirmed coronary heart disease death: Results from 8 years of autopsies in 34 892 subjects
    • Madjid M, Miller CC, Zarubaev VV, et al. Influenza epidemics and acute respiratory disease activity are associated with a surge in autopsy-confirmed coronary heart disease death: results from 8 years of autopsies in 34 892 subjects. Eur Heart J 2007; 28:1205-1210.
    • (2007) Eur Heart J , vol.28 , pp. 1205-1210
    • Madjid, M.1    Miller, C.C.2    Zarubaev, V.V.3
  • 3
    • 33748116898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era: Changing causes of death and disease in the HIV outpatient study
    • Palella FJ Jr, Baker RK, Moorman AC, et al. Mortality in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era: changing causes of death and disease in the HIV outpatient study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2006; 43:27-34.
    • (2006) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.43 , pp. 27-34
    • Palella Jr, F.J.1    Baker, R.K.2    Moorman, A.C.3
  • 4
    • 33846904554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival of persons with and without HIV infection in Denmark, 1995-2005
    • Lohse N, Hansen AB, Pedersen G, et al. Survival of persons with and without HIV infection in Denmark, 1995-2005. Ann Intern Med 2007; 146:87-95.
    • (2007) Ann Intern Med , vol.146 , pp. 87-95
    • Lohse, N.1    Hansen, A.B.2    Pedersen, G.3
  • 5
    • 33749175714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causes of death among persons with AIDS in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: New York City
    • Sackoff JE, Hanna DB, Pfeiffer MR, Torian LV. Causes of death among persons with AIDS in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: New York City. Ann Intern Med 2006; 145:397-406.
    • (2006) Ann Intern Med , vol.145 , pp. 397-406
    • Sackoff, J.E.1    Hanna, D.B.2    Pfeiffer, M.R.3    Torian, L.V.4
  • 6
    • 0035134609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection and lipodystrophy
    • Hadigan C, Meigs JB, Corcoran C, et al. Metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection and lipodystrophy. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 32:130-139.
    • (2001) Clin Infect Dis , vol.32 , pp. 130-139
    • Hadigan, C.1    Meigs, J.B.2    Corcoran, C.3
  • 7
    • 27644457743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity and the risk of myocardial infarction in 27 000 participants from 52 countries: A case-control study
    • Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, et al. Obesity and the risk of myocardial infarction in 27 000 participants from 52 countries: a case-control study. Lancet 2005; 366:1640-1649.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , pp. 1640-1649
    • Yusuf, S.1    Hawken, S.2    Ounpuu, S.3
  • 8
    • 0042768569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for coronary heart disease in patients treated for human immunodeficiency virus infection compared with the general population
    • Saves M, Chene G, Ducimetiere P, et al. Risk factors for coronary heart disease in patients treated for human immunodeficiency virus infection compared with the general population. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 37:292-298.
    • (2003) Clin Infect Dis , vol.37 , pp. 292-298
    • Saves, M.1    Chene, G.2    Ducimetiere, P.3
  • 9
    • 0026716993 scopus 로고
    • Lipids, lipoproteins, triglyceride clearance, and cytokines in human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
    • Grunfeld C, Pang M, Doerrler W, et al. Lipids, lipoproteins, triglyceride clearance, and cytokines in human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992; 74:1045-1052.
    • (1992) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.74 , pp. 1045-1052
    • Grunfeld, C.1    Pang, M.2    Doerrler, W.3
  • 10
    • 0037805278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of HIV infection and HAART on serum lipids in men
    • Riddler SA, Smit E, Cole SR, et al. Impact of HIV infection and HAART on serum lipids in men. JAMA 2003; 289:2978-2982.
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.289 , pp. 2978-2982
    • Riddler, S.A.1    Smit, E.2    Cole, S.R.3
  • 11
    • 0345151837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atherogenic dyslipidemia in HIV-infected individuals treated with protease inhibitors. The Swiss HIV Cohort Study
    • Periard D, Telenti A, Sudre P, et al. Atherogenic dyslipidemia in HIV-infected individuals treated with protease inhibitors. The Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Circulation 1999; 100:700-705.
    • (1999) Circulation , vol.100 , pp. 700-705
    • Periard, D.1    Telenti, A.2    Sudre, P.3
  • 12
    • 36348939262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rosiglitazone increases small dense low-density lipoprotein concentration and decreases high-density lipoprotein particle size in HIV-infected patients
    • This article presents new data on lipoprotein particle size and lipoprotein subclass concentrations in HIV-infected patients with lipodystrophy before and after treatment with rosiglitazone
    • Hadigan C, Mazza S, Crum D, Grinspoon S. Rosiglitazone increases small dense low-density lipoprotein concentration and decreases high-density lipoprotein particle size in HIV-infected patients. AIDS 2007; 21:2543-2546. This article presents new data on lipoprotein particle size and lipoprotein subclass concentrations in HIV-infected patients with lipodystrophy before and after treatment with rosiglitazone.
    • (2007) AIDS , vol.21 , pp. 2543-2546
    • Hadigan, C.1    Mazza, S.2    Crum, D.3    Grinspoon, S.4
  • 13
    • 33750943052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of metabolic syndrome in a cohort of HIV-infected adults and prevalence relative to the US population (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey)
    • Jacobson DL, Tang AM, Spiegelman D, et al. Incidence of metabolic syndrome in a cohort of HIV-infected adults and prevalence relative to the US population (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2006; 43:458-466.
    • (2006) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.43 , pp. 458-466
    • Jacobson, D.L.1    Tang, A.M.2    Spiegelman, D.3
  • 14
    • 36348984420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in HIV infection
    • Wand H, Calmy A, Carey DL, et al. Metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in HIV infection. AIDS 2007; 21:2445-2453.
    • (2007) AIDS , vol.21 , pp. 2445-2453
    • Wand, H.1    Calmy, A.2    Carey, D.L.3
  • 15
    • 34248225422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic syndrome and subclinical atherosclerosis in patients infected with HIV
    • Mangili A, Jacobson DL, Gerrior J, et al. Metabolic syndrome and subclinical atherosclerosis in patients infected with HIV. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 44:1368-1374.
    • (2007) Clin Infect Dis , vol.44 , pp. 1368-1374
    • Mangili, A.1    Jacobson, D.L.2    Gerrior, J.3
  • 16
    • 0345064200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination Antiretroviral Therapy and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction
    • The Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (DAD) Study Group
    • The Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (DAD) Study Group. Combination Antiretroviral Therapy and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med 2003; 349:1993-2003.
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.349 , pp. 1993-2003
  • 17
    • 33751515147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD4+ count-guided interruption of antiretroviral treatment
    • El-Sadr WM, Lundgren JD, Neaton JD, et al. CD4+ count-guided interruption of antiretroviral treatment. N Engl J Med 2006; 355:2283-2296.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.355 , pp. 2283-2296
    • El-Sadr, W.M.1    Lundgren, J.D.2    Neaton, J.D.3
  • 18
    • 34247476743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular risks of antiretroviral therapy
    • Stein JH. Cardiovascular risks of antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med 2007; 356:1773-1775.
    • (2007) N Engl J Med , vol.356 , pp. 1773-1775
    • Stein, J.H.1
  • 20
    • 0037103407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do protease inhibitors increase the risk for coronary heart disease in patients with HIV-1 infection?
    • Klein D, Hurley LB, Quesenberry CP Jr, Sidney S. Do protease inhibitors increase the risk for coronary heart disease in patients with HIV-1 infection? J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2002; 30:471-477.
    • (2002) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.30 , pp. 471-477
    • Klein, D.1    Hurley, L.B.2    Quesenberry Jr, C.P.3    Sidney, S.4
  • 21
    • 34250671221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Triant VA, Lee H, Hadigan C, Grinspoon SK. Increased Acute Myocardial Infarction Rates and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Patients with HIV Disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:2506-2512. This heathcare system-based cohort study demonstrated an increased relative risk of 1.75 in acute myocardial infarction rates among HIV-infected patients compared with uninfected patients after adjustment of traditional risk factors.
    • Triant VA, Lee H, Hadigan C, Grinspoon SK. Increased Acute Myocardial Infarction Rates and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Patients with HIV Disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:2506-2512. This heathcare system-based cohort study demonstrated an increased relative risk of 1.75 in acute myocardial infarction rates among HIV-infected patients compared with uninfected patients after adjustment of traditional risk factors.
  • 22
    • 20644459485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotid artery intima-media thickness and HIV infection: Traditional risk factors overshadow impact of protease inhibitor exposure
    • Currier JS, Kendall MA, Zackin R, et al. Carotid artery intima-media thickness and HIV infection: traditional risk factors overshadow impact of protease inhibitor exposure. AIDS 2005; 19:927-933.
    • (2005) AIDS , vol.19 , pp. 927-933
    • Currier, J.S.1    Kendall, M.A.2    Zackin, R.3
  • 23
    • 34248524639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Currier JS, Kendall MA, Henry WK, et al. Progression of carotid artery intimamedia thickening in HIV-infected and uninfected adults. AIDS 2007; 21:1137-1145. This longitudinal observational study was one of the first to prospectively control for traditional cardiovascular risk factors in comparing the progression of carotid IMT in HIV patients compared with uninfected control subjects. No difference was detected in the rate of IMT progression in HIV-infected patients compared with controls.
    • Currier JS, Kendall MA, Henry WK, et al. Progression of carotid artery intimamedia thickening in HIV-infected and uninfected adults. AIDS 2007; 21:1137-1145. This longitudinal observational study was one of the first to prospectively control for traditional cardiovascular risk factors in comparing the progression of carotid IMT in HIV patients compared with uninfected control subjects. No difference was detected in the rate of IMT progression in HIV-infected patients compared with controls.
  • 24
    • 1842474732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progression of atherosclerosis as assessed by carotid intima-media thickness in patients with HIV infection
    • Hsue PY, Lo JC, Franklin A, et al. Progression of atherosclerosis as assessed by carotid intima-media thickness in patients with HIV infection. Circulation 2004; 109:1603-1608.
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.109 , pp. 1603-1608
    • Hsue, P.Y.1    Lo, J.C.2    Franklin, A.3
  • 25
    • 34247626308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased carotid intima media thickness and cardiac biomarkers in HIV infected children
    • This cross-sectional study compared carotid IMT in HIV-positive children versus uninfected children matched by age, sex, race, and BMI. Carotid IMT was higher in the HIV-infected children than controls
    • McComsey GA, O'Riordan M, Hazen SL, et al. Increased carotid intima media thickness and cardiac biomarkers in HIV infected children. AIDS 2007; 21:921-927. This cross-sectional study compared carotid IMT in HIV-positive children versus uninfected children matched by age, sex, race, and BMI. Carotid IMT was higher in the HIV-infected children than controls.
    • (2007) AIDS , vol.21 , pp. 921-927
    • McComsey, G.A.1    O'Riordan, M.2    Hazen, S.L.3
  • 26
    • 0035902493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease inhibitors is associated with atherogenic lipoprotein changes and endothelial dysfunction
    • Stein JH, Klein MA, Bellehumeur JL, et al. Use of human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease inhibitors is associated with atherogenic lipoprotein changes and endothelial dysfunction. Circulation 2001; 104:257-262.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.104 , pp. 257-262
    • Stein, J.H.1    Klein, M.A.2    Bellehumeur, J.L.3
  • 27
    • 33646094737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelial function in HIV-infected persons
    • Solages A, Vita JA, Thornton DJ, et al. Endothelial function in HIV-infected persons. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 42:1325-1332.
    • (2006) Clin Infect Dis , vol.42 , pp. 1325-1332
    • Solages, A.1    Vita, J.A.2    Thornton, D.J.3
  • 28
    • 33644895405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • van Wijk JP, de Koning EJ, Cabezas MC, et al. Functional and structural markers of atherosclerosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 47:1117-1123. This cross-sectional study compared endothelial function by brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation, carotid IMT, and aortic pulse wave velocity in HIV-infected men with or without the metabolic syndrome, uninfected men with type 2 diabetes, and healthy control men. Endothelial function was most impaired in HIV-infected patients with the metabolic syndrome compared with the other groups. Interestingly, HIV-infected patients without the metabolic syndrome also had endothelial dysfunction to a degree comparablewith type 2 diabetic patients. In contrast, HIV-infected patients with the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetics (but not HIV patients without the metabolic syndrome) had higher carotid IMT compared with healthy controls
    • van Wijk JP, de Koning EJ, Cabezas MC, et al. Functional and structural markers of atherosclerosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 47:1117-1123. This cross-sectional study compared endothelial function by brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation, carotid IMT, and aortic pulse wave velocity in HIV-infected men with or without the metabolic syndrome, uninfected men with type 2 diabetes, and healthy control men. Endothelial function was most impaired in HIV-infected patients with the metabolic syndrome compared with the other groups. Interestingly, HIV-infected patients without the metabolic syndrome also had endothelial dysfunction to a degree comparablewith type 2 diabetic patients. In contrast, HIV-infected patients with the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetics (but not HIV patients without the metabolic syndrome) had higher carotid IMT compared with healthy controls.
  • 29
    • 14944344774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viral load of the human immunodeficiency virus could be an independent risk factor for endothelial dysfunction
    • Blum A, Hadas V, Burke M, et al. Viral load of the human immunodeficiency virus could be an independent risk factor for endothelial dysfunction. Clin Cardiol 2005; 28:149-153.
    • (2005) Clin Cardiol , vol.28 , pp. 149-153
    • Blum, A.1    Hadas, V.2    Burke, M.3
  • 30
    • 0037083174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiretroviral therapy reduces markers of endothelial and coagulation activation in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1
    • Wolf K, Tsakiris DA, Weber R, et al. Antiretroviral therapy reduces markers of endothelial and coagulation activation in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Infect Dis 2002; 185:456-462.
    • (2002) J Infect Dis , vol.185 , pp. 456-462
    • Wolf, K.1    Tsakiris, D.A.2    Weber, R.3
  • 31
    • 0141835815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV Tat protein causes endothelial dysfunction in porcine coronary arteries
    • Paladugu R, Fu W, Conklin BS, et al. HIV Tat protein causes endothelial dysfunction in porcine coronary arteries. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2003; 38:549-555.
    • (2003) Journal of Vascular Surgery , vol.38 , pp. 549-555
    • Paladugu, R.1    Fu, W.2    Conklin, B.S.3
  • 32
    • 0033559691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MCP-1 deficiency reduces susceptibility to atherosclerosis in mice that overexpress human apolipoprotein B
    • Gosling J, Slaymaker S, Gu L, et al. MCP-1 deficiency reduces susceptibility to atherosclerosis in mice that overexpress human apolipoprotein B. J Clin Invest 1999; 103:773-778.
    • (1999) J Clin Invest , vol.103 , pp. 773-778
    • Gosling, J.1    Slaymaker, S.2    Gu, L.3
  • 33
    • 0035863722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV-1 Tat promotes monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 secretion followed by transmigration of monocytes
    • Park IW, Wang JF, Groopman JE. HIV-1 Tat promotes monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 secretion followed by transmigration of monocytes. Blood 2001; 97:352-358.
    • (2001) Blood , vol.97 , pp. 352-358
    • Park, I.W.1    Wang, J.F.2    Groopman, J.E.3
  • 34
    • 5644275050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atherosclerosis in patients infected with HIV is influenced by a mutant monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 allele
    • Alonso-Villaverde C, Coll B, Parra S, et al. Atherosclerosis in patients infected with HIV is influenced by a mutant monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 allele. Circulation 2004; 110:2204-2209.
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.110 , pp. 2204-2209
    • Alonso-Villaverde, C.1    Coll, B.2    Parra, S.3
  • 35
    • 0034898394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of polymorphisms in the chemokine system in the susceptibility for coronary artery disease (CAD). Coincidence of elevated Lp(a) and MCP-1-2518G/G genotype in CAD patients
    • Szalai C, Duba J, Prohaszka Z, et al. Involvement of polymorphisms in the chemokine system in the susceptibility for coronary artery disease (CAD). Coincidence of elevated Lp(a) and MCP-1-2518G/G genotype in CAD patients. Atherosclerosis 2001; 158:233-239.
    • (2001) Atherosclerosis , vol.158 , pp. 233-239
    • Szalai, C.1    Duba, J.2    Prohaszka, Z.3
  • 36
    • 0030762561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The amino-terminal domain of the CCR2 chemokine receptor acts as coreceptor for HIV-1 infection
    • Frade JM, Llorente M, Mellado M, et al. The amino-terminal domain of the CCR2 chemokine receptor acts as coreceptor for HIV-1 infection. J Clin Invest 1997; 100:497-502.
    • (1997) J Clin Invest , vol.100 , pp. 497-502
    • Frade, J.M.1    Llorente, M.2    Mellado, M.3
  • 37
    • 0036846919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Val64Ile polymorphism in the C-C chemokine receptor 2 is associated with reduced coronary artery calcification
    • Valdes AM, Wolfe ML, O'Brien EJ, et al. Val64Ile polymorphism in the C-C chemokine receptor 2 is associated with reduced coronary artery calcification. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2002; 22:1924-1928.
    • (2002) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.22 , pp. 1924-1928
    • Valdes, A.M.1    Wolfe, M.L.2    O'Brien, E.J.3
  • 38
    • 0035980162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between polymorphism in the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 and coronary vascular endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis
    • McDermott DH, Halcox JP, Schenke WH, et al. Association between polymorphism in the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 and coronary vascular endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2001; 89:401-407.
    • (2001) Circ Res , vol.89 , pp. 401-407
    • McDermott, D.H.1    Halcox, J.P.2    Schenke, W.H.3
  • 39
    • 0030861904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting genetic influence ofCCR2 and CCR5 variants on HIV-1 infection and disease progression. Hemophilia Growth and Development Study (HGDS), Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort Study (MHCS), San Francisco City Cohort (SFCC), ALIVE Study
    • Smith MW, Dean M, Carrington M, et al. Contrasting genetic influence ofCCR2 and CCR5 variants on HIV-1 infection and disease progression. Hemophilia Growth and Development Study (HGDS), Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort Study (MHCS), San Francisco City Cohort (SFCC), ALIVE Study. Science 1997; 277:959-965.
    • (1997) Science , vol.277 , pp. 959-965
    • Smith, M.W.1    Dean, M.2    Carrington, M.3
  • 40
    • 33751062798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human immunodeficiency virus impairs reverse cholesterol transport from macrophages
    • Mujawar Z, Rose H, Morrow MP, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus impairs reverse cholesterol transport from macrophages. PLoS Biol 2006; 4:e365.
    • (2006) PLoS Biol , vol.4
    • Mujawar, Z.1    Rose, H.2    Morrow, M.P.3
  • 41
    • 17644412023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease
    • Hansson GK. Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 2005; 352:1685-1695.
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.352 , pp. 1685-1695
    • Hansson, G.K.1
  • 42
    • 0037180771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation in atherosclerosis
    • Libby P. Inflammation in atherosclerosis. Nature 2002; 420:868-874.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.420 , pp. 868-874
    • Libby, P.1
  • 43
    • 0033552883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atherosclerosis: An inflammatory disease
    • Ross R. Atherosclerosis: an inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med 1999; 340:115-126.
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.340 , pp. 115-126
    • Ross, R.1
  • 44
    • 0036081177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atherosclerotic lesions grow through recruitment and proliferation of circulating monocytes in a murine model
    • Lessner SM, Prado HL, Waller EK, Galis ZS. Atherosclerotic lesions grow through recruitment and proliferation of circulating monocytes in a murine model. Am J Pathol 2002; 160:2145-2155.
    • (2002) Am J Pathol , vol.160 , pp. 2145-2155
    • Lessner, S.M.1    Prado, H.L.2    Waller, E.K.3    Galis, Z.S.4
  • 45
    • 0033905619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymerase chain reaction-based method for quantifying recruitment of monocytes to mouse atherosclerotic lesions in vivo: Enhancement by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta
    • Kim CJ, Khoo JC, Gillotte-Taylor K, et al. Polymerase chain reaction-based method for quantifying recruitment of monocytes to mouse atherosclerotic lesions in vivo: enhancement by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000; 20:1976-1982.
    • (2000) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.20 , pp. 1976-1982
    • Kim, C.J.1    Khoo, J.C.2    Gillotte-Taylor, K.3
  • 46
    • 33745876256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monocyte accumulation in mouse atherogenesis is progressive and proportional to extent of disease
    • Swirski FK, Pittet MJ, Kircher MF, et al. Monocyte accumulation in mouse atherogenesis is progressive and proportional to extent of disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:10340-10345.
    • (2006) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.103 , pp. 10340-10345
    • Swirski, F.K.1    Pittet, M.J.2    Kircher, M.F.3
  • 47
    • 0029414974 scopus 로고
    • CD14lowCD16high: A cytokine-producing monocyte subset which expands during human immunodeficiency virus infection
    • Thieblemont N, Weiss L, Sadeghi HM, et al. CD14lowCD16high: a cytokine-producing monocyte subset which expands during human immunodeficiency virus infection. Eur J Immunol 1995; 25:3418-3424.
    • (1995) Eur J Immunol , vol.25 , pp. 3418-3424
    • Thieblemont, N.1    Weiss, L.2    Sadeghi, H.M.3
  • 48
    • 4444245592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD14+CD16+ monocytes in coronary artery disease and their relationship to serum TNF-alpha levels
    • Schlitt A, Heine GH, Blankenberg S, et al. CD14+CD16+ monocytes in coronary artery disease and their relationship to serum TNF-alpha levels. Thromb Haemost 2004; 92:419-424.
    • (2004) Thromb Haemost , vol.92 , pp. 419-424
    • Schlitt, A.1    Heine, G.H.2    Blankenberg, S.3
  • 49
    • 0036533648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The proinflammatory CD14+CD16+ DR++ monocytes are a major source of TNF
    • Belge KU, Dayyani F, Horelt A, et al. The proinflammatory CD14+CD16+ DR++ monocytes are a major source of TNF. J Immunol 2002; 168:3536-3542.
    • (2002) J Immunol , vol.168 , pp. 3536-3542
    • Belge, K.U.1    Dayyani, F.2    Horelt, A.3
  • 50
    • 33751251405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diminished production of monocyte proinflammatory cytokines during human immunodeficiency virus viremia is mediated by type I interferons
    • Tilton JC, Johnson AJ, Luskin MR, et al. Diminished production of monocyte proinflammatory cytokines during human immunodeficiency virus viremia is mediated by type I interferons. J Virol 2006; 80:11486-11497.
    • (2006) J Virol , vol.80 , pp. 11486-11497
    • Tilton, J.C.1    Johnson, A.J.2    Luskin, M.R.3
  • 51
    • 0022523129 scopus 로고
    • Regional accumulations of T cells, macrophages, and smooth muscle cells in the human atherosclerotic plaque
    • Jonasson L, Holm J, Skalli O, et al. Regional accumulations of T cells, macrophages, and smooth muscle cells in the human atherosclerotic plaque. Arteriosclerosis 1986; 6:131-138.
    • (1986) Arteriosclerosis , vol.6 , pp. 131-138
    • Jonasson, L.1    Holm, J.2    Skalli, O.3
  • 52
    • 0142186676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subpopulations of long-lived and short-lived T cells in advanced HIV-1 infection
    • Hellerstein MK, Hoh RA, Hanley MB, et al. Subpopulations of long-lived and short-lived T cells in advanced HIV-1 infection. J Clin Invest 2003; 112:956-966.
    • (2003) J Clin Invest , vol.112 , pp. 956-966
    • Hellerstein, M.K.1    Hoh, R.A.2    Hanley, M.B.3
  • 53
    • 0023239322 scopus 로고
    • HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in seropositive individuals
    • Walker BD, Chakrabarti S, Moss B, et al. HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in seropositive individuals. Nature 1987; 328:345-348.
    • (1987) Nature , vol.328 , pp. 345-348
    • Walker, B.D.1    Chakrabarti, S.2    Moss, B.3
  • 54
    • 0025239319 scopus 로고
    • Possible role of cytomegalovirus in atherogenesis
    • Melnick JL, Adam E, DeBakey ME. Possible role of cytomegalovirus in atherogenesis. JAMA 1990; 263:2204-2207.
    • (1990) JAMA , vol.263 , pp. 2204-2207
    • Melnick, J.L.1    Adam, E.2    DeBakey, M.E.3
  • 55
    • 33751227183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased carotid intima-media thickness in HIV patients is associated with increased cytomegalovirus-specific T-cell responses
    • Hsue PY, Hunt PW, Sinclair E, et al. Increased carotid intima-media thickness in HIV patients is associated with increased cytomegalovirus-specific T-cell responses. AIDS 2006; 20:2275-2283.
    • (2006) AIDS , vol.20 , pp. 2275-2283
    • Hsue, P.Y.1    Hunt, P.W.2    Sinclair, E.3
  • 56
    • 0037323424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoadiponectinemia is associated with insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, and fat redistribution in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • Addy CL, Gavrila A, Tsiodras S, et al. Hypoadiponectinemia is associated with insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, and fat redistribution in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88:627-636.
    • (2003) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.88 , pp. 627-636
    • Addy, C.L.1    Gavrila, A.2    Tsiodras, S.3
  • 57
    • 0142084663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 in HIV-associated lipodystrophy: Implications for the reduced expression and plasma levels of adiponectin
    • Lihn AS, Richelsen B, Pedersen SB, et al. Increased expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 in HIV-associated lipodystrophy: implications for the reduced expression and plasma levels of adiponectin. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2003; 285:E1072-E1080.
    • (2003) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.285
    • Lihn, A.S.1    Richelsen, B.2    Pedersen, S.B.3
  • 58
    • 1842864234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma adiponectin levels and risk of myocardial infarction in men
    • Pischon T, Girman CJ, Hotamisligil GS, et al. Plasma adiponectin levels and risk of myocardial infarction in men. JAMA 2004; 291:1730-1737.
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.291 , pp. 1730-1737
    • Pischon, T.1    Girman, C.J.2    Hotamisligil, G.S.3
  • 59
    • 13844296420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low plasma adiponectin levels predict progression of coronary artery calcification
    • Maahs DM, Ogden LG, Kinney GL, et al. Low plasma adiponectin levels predict progression of coronary artery calcification. Circulation 2005; 111:747-753.
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.111 , pp. 747-753
    • Maahs, D.M.1    Ogden, L.G.2    Kinney, G.L.3
  • 60
    • 0942265682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased systemic and adipose tissue cytokines in patients with HIV-associated lipodystrophy
    • Johnson JA, Albu JB, Engelson ES, et al. Increased systemic and adipose tissue cytokines in patients with HIV-associated lipodystrophy. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2004; 286:E261-E271.
    • (2004) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.286
    • Johnson, J.A.1    Albu, J.B.2    Engelson, E.S.3
  • 61
    • 0037161026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between altered expression of adipogenic factor SREBP1 in lipoatrophic adipose tissue from HIV-1-infected patients and abnormal adipocyte differentiation and insulin resistance
    • Bastard JP, Caron M, Vidal H, et al. Association between altered expression of adipogenic factor SREBP1 in lipoatrophic adipose tissue from HIV-1-infected patients and abnormal adipocyte differentiation and insulin resistance. Lancet 2002; 359:1026-1031.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , pp. 1026-1031
    • Bastard, J.P.1    Caron, M.2    Vidal, H.3
  • 62
    • 0025064143 scopus 로고
    • Detection and localization of tumor necrosis factor in human atheroma
    • Barath P, Fishbein MC, Cao J, et al. Detection and localization of tumor necrosis factor in human atheroma. Am J Cardiol 1990; 65:297-302.
    • (1990) Am J Cardiol , vol.65 , pp. 297-302
    • Barath, P.1    Fishbein, M.C.2    Cao, J.3
  • 63
    • 0027751909 scopus 로고
    • Production of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 by macrophages from human atheromatous plaques
    • Tipping P, Hancock W. Production of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 by macrophages from human atheromatous plaques. Am J Pathol 1993; 142:1721-1728.
    • (1993) Am J Pathol , vol.142 , pp. 1721-1728
    • Tipping, P.1    Hancock, W.2
  • 64
    • 0034625079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and increased risk of recurrent coronary events after myocardial infarction
    • Ridker PM, Rifai N, Pfeffer M, et al. Elevation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and increased risk of recurrent coronary events after myocardial infarction. Circulation 2000; 101:2149-2153.
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.101 , pp. 2149-2153
    • Ridker, P.M.1    Rifai, N.2    Pfeffer, M.3
  • 65
    • 0037078969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the prediction of first cardiovascular events
    • Ridker PM, Rifai N, Rose L, et al. Comparison of C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the prediction of first cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 2002; 347:1557-1565.
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.347 , pp. 1557-1565
    • Ridker, P.M.1    Rifai, N.2    Rose, L.3
  • 66
    • 0031054058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Production of C-reactive protein and risk of coronary events in stable and unstable angina. European Concerted Action on Thrombosis and Disabilities Angina Pectoris Study Group
    • Haverkate F, Thompson SG, Pyke SD, et al. Production of C-reactive protein and risk of coronary events in stable and unstable angina. European Concerted Action on Thrombosis and Disabilities Angina Pectoris Study Group. Lancet 1997; 349:462-466.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , pp. 462-466
    • Haverkate, F.1    Thompson, S.G.2    Pyke, S.D.3
  • 67
    • 0020072450 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of serum C-reactive protein concentration in myocardial ischaemia and infarction
    • de Beer FC, Hind CR, Fox KM, et al. Measurement of serum C-reactive protein concentration in myocardial ischaemia and infarction. Br Heart J 1982; 47:239-243.
    • (1982) Br Heart J , vol.47 , pp. 239-243
    • de Beer, F.C.1    Hind, C.R.2    Fox, K.M.3
  • 68
    • 18144389038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased cardiovascular disease risk indices in HIV-infected women
    • Dolan SE, Hadigan C, Killilea KM, et al. Increased cardiovascular disease risk indices in HIV-infected women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2005; 39:44-54.
    • (2005) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.39 , pp. 44-54
    • Dolan, S.E.1    Hadigan, C.2    Killilea, K.M.3
  • 69
    • 30344438223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C-reactive protein is a marker for human immunodeficiency virus disease progression
    • Lau B, Sharrett AR, Kingsley LA, et al. C-reactive protein is a marker for human immunodeficiency virus disease progression. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166:64-70.
    • (2006) Arch Intern Med , vol.166 , pp. 64-70
    • Lau, B.1    Sharrett, A.R.2    Kingsley, L.A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.