Metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in HIV infection

AIDS

Volumn 21, Issue 18, 2007, Pages 2445-2453

  Wand, Handan ^a   Calmy, Alexandra ^b   Carey, Dianne L ^a   Samaras, Katherine ^c   Carr, Andrew ^b   Law, Matthew G ^a   Cooper, David A ^a,b   Emery, Sean ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

^b ST VINCENT S HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^c GARVAN INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL RESEARCH   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EFAVIRENZ; NELFINAVIR;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE COURSE; FOLLOW UP; HAZARD RATIO; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INCIDENCE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

ADULT; ANTHROPOMETRY; ANTI-HIV AGENTS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, HIGHLY ACTIVE; BENZOXAZINES; BODY CONSTITUTION; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; DISEASE PROGRESSION; EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MIDDLE AGED; NELFINAVIR; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS;

EID: 36348984420     PISSN: 02699370     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3282efad32     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Third and final report. Circulation 2002; 106:3143-3221.
2. Ford ES, Giles WH, Dietz WH. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA 2002; 287:356-359.
3. Kahn R, Buse J, Ferrannini E, Stern M, for the American Diabetes Association European Association for the Study of Diabetes. The metabolic syndrome: time for a critical appraisal: joint statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2005; 28:2289-2304.
4. Wannamethee SG, Shaper AG, Lennon L, Morris RW. Metabolic syndrome vs Framingham Risk Score for prediction of coronary heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med 2005; 165:2644-2650.
5. Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, Donato KA, Eckel RH, Franklin BA, et al. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Statement. Circulation 2005; 112:2735-2752.
6. Alberti KG, Zimmet P, Shaw J, for the IDF Epidemiology Task Force Consensus Group. The metabolic syndrome: a new worldwide definition. Lancet 2005; 366:1059-1062.
7. Carr A, Samaras K, Burton S, Law M, Freund J, Chisholm DJ, Cooper DA. A syndrome of peripheral lipodystrophy, hyperlipidaemia and insulin resistance in patients receiving HIV protease inhibitors. AIDS 1998; 12:F51-F58.
8. Grinspoon SK. Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus. Am J Med 2005; 118 (Suppl 2):23S-28S.
9. Sattler FR, Qian D, Louie S, Johnson D, Briggs W, DeQuattro V, Dube MP. Elevated blood pressure in subjects with lipodystrophy. AIDS 2001; 15:2001-2010.
10. Seaberg EC, Munoz A, Lu M, Detels R, Margolick JB, Riddler SA, et al., for the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Association between highly active antiretroviral therapy and hypertension in a large cohort of men followed from 1984 to 2003. AIDS 2005; 19:953-960.
11. Thiébaut R, El-Sadr WM, Friis-Moller N, Rickenbach M, Reiss P, Monforte AD, et al., for the Data Collection of Adverse events of anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) Study Group. Predictors of hypertension and changes of blood pressure in HIV-infected patients. Antivir Ther 2005; 10:811-823.
12. Crane HM, Van Rompaey SE, Kitahata MM. Antiretroviral medications associated with elevated blood pressure among patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2006; 20:1019-1026.
13. Friis-Møller N, Sabin CA, Weber R, d'Arminio Monforte A, El-Sadr WM, Reiss P, et al., for the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs Study Group. Combination antiretroviral therapy and the risk of myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2003; 349:1993-2003.
14. Jerico C, Knobel H, Montero M, Ordonez-Llanos J, Guelar A, Gimeno JL, et al. Metabolic syndrome among HIV-infected patients: prevalence, characteristics, and related factors. Diabetes Care 2005; 28:132-137.
15. Mondy K, Overton E, Grubb J, Tong S, Segfreid W, Powderly W, et al. Metabolic syndrome in HIV-infected patients from an urban, mid-western US outpatient population. Clin Infec Dis 2007; 44:726-734.
16. Park YW, Zhu S, Palaniappan L, Heshka S, Carnethon MR, Heymsfield SB. The metabolic syndrome: prevalence and associated risk factor findings in the US population from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Arch Intern Med 2003; 163:427-436.
17. Samaras K, Wand H, Law M, Emery S, Cooper D, Carr A. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in HIV infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy using International Diabetes Foundation and adult treatment panel III criteria. Diabetes Care 2007; 30:113-119.
18. Jacobson DL, Tang AM, Spiegelman D, Thomas AM, Skinner S, Gorbach S, et al. Incidence of metabolic syndrome in a cohort of HIV infected adults and prevalence relative to the US population (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey). J Acquir Immune Def Syndr 2006; 43:458-466.
19. INITIO Trial International Co-ordinating Committee. Virological and immunological outcomes at three years following initiation of ART with regimens containing a NNRTI or PI or both: the INITIO trial. Lancet 2006; 368:287-298.
20. Eberly LE, Stamler J, Neaton JD, for the MrFIT Research Group. Relation of triglyceride levles, fasting and nonfasting, to fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease. Arch Intern Med 2003; 163:1077-1083.
21. American Diabetes Association. The Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care 2006; 29:S43-S48.
22. Anderson KM, Odell PM, Wilson PWF, Kammel WB. Cardiovascular disease risk profiles. Am Heart J 1990; 121:293-298.
23. Law MG, Friis-Moller N, El-Sadr WM, Weber R, Reiss P, D'Arminio-Monforte A, et al. The use of the Framingham equation to rpedict myocardial infarctions in HIV-infected patients: comparison with observed events in the D:A:D Study. HIV Med 2006; 7:218-230.
24. Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. The role of cytokines, interferon alpha and tumour necrosis factor in te hypertriglyceridemia and wasting of AIDS. J Nutr 1992; 122:749-753.
25. Grunfeld C, Kotler DP, Shigenaga JK, Doerrler W, Tierney A, Wang J, et al. Circulating interferon-alpha levels and hypertriglcyeridemia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Med 1991; 90:154-162.
26. Shor-Posner G, Basit A, Lu Y, Cabrejos C, Chang J, Flectcher M, et al. Hypocholesterolemia is associated with immune dysfunction in early human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection. Am J Med 1993; 94:515-519.
27. Bonfanti P, Ricci E, de Socio G, Zeme D, Carradori S, Penco G, et al. Metabolic syndrome: a real threat for HIV-positive patients? J Acquir Immun Defic Syndr 2006; 42:128-131.
28. Gazzaruso C, Sacchi P, Garzaniti A, Fratino P, Bruno R, Filice G. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among HIV patients. Diabetes Care 2002; 25:1253-1254.
29. The D:A:D Study Group. Combination antiretroviral therapy and the risk of myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2003; 349:1993-2003.
30. 3: Primary results of the Strategies for Management of Antiretroviral Therapy (SMART) Trial. N Engl J Med 2006; 355:2283-2296.
31. Hadigan C, Meigs JB, Wilson PW, D'Agostino RB, Davis B, Basgoz N, et al. Prediction of coronary heart disease risk in HIV-infected patients with fat redistribution. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 36:909-916.
32. Carr A, Samaras K, Thorisdottir A, Kaufmann GR, Chisholm DJ, Cooper DA. Diagnosis, prediction, and natural course of HIV-1 protease-inhibitor- associated lipodystrophy, hyperlipidaemia, and diabetes mellitus: a cohort study. Lancet 1999; 353:2093-2099.
33. Meigs JB. Metabolic syndrome: in search of a clinical role. Diabetes Care 2006; 27:2761-2763.
34. US Department of Health and Human Services. Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-1-infected Adults and Adolescents. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services; October 2006. http://aidsinfo.nih.gov (accessed January 10, 2007).