Analysis of free amino acids and protein contents of mature human milk from Turkish mothers

Analytical Letters

Volumn 41, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 725-736

  Elmastas, Mahfuz ^a   Keha, E Edip ^b   Keles, M Sait ^c   Aboul Enein, Hassan Y ^d,e  

^a GAZIOSMANPASA UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

^b KARADENIZ TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

^c ATATURK UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

^d NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE   (Egypt)

^e 6th of October City   (Egypt)

Author keywords

Amino acids; Essential amino acids; Free amino acids; HPLC; Human milk; Postcolumn derivatization; Protein

Indexed keywords

EID: 41849129875     PISSN: 00032719     EISSN: 1532236X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00032710801935020     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Agostoni, C., Carratu, B., Boniglia, C., Riva, E., and Sanzini, E. 2000. Free amino acid content in standard infant formulas: comparison with human milk. Journal of American College Nutrition, 19: 434-8.
2. Anderson, D.M., Williams, F.H., Merkatz, R.B., Schulman, P.K., Kerr, D.S., and Pittard, W.B. 1983. Length of gestation and nutritional composition of human milk. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 37: 810-814.
3. Benson, J., Neylan, M., Masor, M., Paule, C., and O'Connor, D. 1998. Approaches and consideration in determining the protein and amino acid composition of term and preterm infant formula. International Dairy Journal, 8: 405-12.
4. Brasil, A.L.D., Vitelo, M.R., Lopez, F.A., and Nobrega, F.J.D. 1991. Fat and protein composition of mature milk in adolescent. Journal of Adolescent Health, 12: 365-371.
5. Carratu, B., Boniglia, C., Scalise, F., Ambruzzi, A.M., and Sanzini, E. 2003. Nitrogenous components of human milk nonprotein nitrogen, true protein and free amino acids. Food Chemistry, 81: 357-62.
6. Chesney, R.W., Helmus, R.A., Christensen, M., Budreau, A.M., Han, X., and Sturman, J.A. 1998. The role of taurine in infant nutrition. Advanced Experimental of Medicinal Biology, 442: 463-76.
7. De Santiago, S., Ramirez, I., Tovar, A.R., Ortiz, N., Torres, N., and Bourges, H. 1999. Amino acid profiles in diet, plasma, and human milk in Mexican rural lactating women. Nutrition Research, 19: 1133-1143.
8. Emmett, P.M. and Rogers, I.S. 1997. Properties of human milk and their relationship with maternal nutrition. Early Human Development, 49 (suppl): S7-S28.
9. Friedman, M. 1996. Nutritional value of proteins from different food sources: a review. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 44: 6-29.
10. Gaull, G.E. and Rassin, D.K. 1979. Taurine in development and nutrition. Ciba Found Symp., 72: 271-288.
11. Harzer, G., Franzke, V., and Bindels, J.G. 1984. Human milk nonprotein nitrogen components: changing patterns of free amino acids and urea in the course of early lactation. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 40: 303-9.
12. Hertz, L., Dringen, R., Schousboe, A., and Robinson, S.R. 1999. Astrocytes: glutamate producers for neurons. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 57: 417-28.
13. Landua, B.R., Schumann, W.C., Chandromauli, V., Magnusson, I., Kumaran, K., and Wahren, J. 1993. 14C-labeled propionate metabolism in vivo and estimates of hepatic gluconeogenesis relative Krebs cycle flux. American Journal of Physiology, 265: E636-E647.
14. Lindblad, B.S. and Rahimtolla, R.J. 1974. A pilot study of the quality of human milk in a lower socioeconomic group in Karachi, Pakistan. Acta Paediaterica Scandinavica, 63: 125-8.
15. Lönnerdal, B. and Atkinson, S.A. 1995. Nitrogenous component of milk. A human milk proteins. In Handbook of Milk Composition; Jensen, R.G. (ed.); Chapter 5; Academic Press: San Diego, pp. 351-368.
16. Lönnerdal, B., Forsum, E., and Hambraeus, L. 1976. The protein content of human milk I. A transversal study of Swedish normal material. Nutrition Reports International, 13: 125-134.
17. Lönnerdal, B., Woodhause, L.R., and Glazier, C. 1987. Compartmentalization and quantitation of protein in human milk. Journal of Nutrition, 117: 1385-1395.
18. Mitoma, J., Furuya, S., and Hirabayashi, Y. 1998. A novel metabolic communication between neurons and astrocytes: nonessential amino acid L-serine released from astrocytes is essential for the developing hippocampal neurons. Neuroscience Research, 30: 195-8.
19. Munro, H.N. 1972. Amino acid requirements and metabolism and their relevance to parenteral nutrition. In Parenteral Nutrition; Wilkinson, A.W. (ed.); Churchill Livingstone: London, pp. 34-67.
20. Naismith, D.J. and Cashel, K.N. 1979. Taurine in breast milk: A role infant utilization. The Proceedings of Nutrition Society, 38 (3): 105A.
21. Nommsen, L.A., Lovelady, C.A., Heinig, M.J., Lönnerdal, B., and Dewey, K.G. 1991. Determination of energy, protein, lipid, and lactose concentrations in human milk during the first 12 mo of lactation: the darling study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 53: 457-65.
22. Pamblanco, M., Portoles, M., Paredes, C., Ten, A., and Comin, J. 1989. Free amino acids in preterm and term milk from mothers delivering appropriate or small-forgestational-age infants. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 50: 778-781.
23. Pencharz, P.B. and Ball, R.O. 2003. Different approaches to define individual amino acid requirements. Annual Review of Nutrition, 23: 101-16.
24. Prentice, A.M., Roberts, S.C., Prantice, A., Paul, A.A., Watkinson, M., Watkinson, M.M., and Whitchead, R.A. 1983. Dietary supplementation of lactating Gambian women. I. Effect on breast milk volume and quality. Human Nutrition Clinical Nutrition, 37: 53-64.
25. Product Catalog No. 2: HPLC Postcolumn Derivatization Instruments, Columns, Methods, Chemicals, Reagents. Mountain View: Pickering Laboratories, Inc, 55.
26. Rassin, D.K., Sturman, J.A., and Gaull, G.E. 1978. Taurine and other free amino acids in milk of man and other mamals. Early Human Development, 2: 1-13.
27. Sarwar, G., Botting, H.G., Davis, T.A., Darling, P., and Pencharz, P.B. 1998. Free amino acids in milk of human subjects, other primates, and nonprimates. British Journal of Nutrition, 79: 129-31.
28. StatMost Statistical Analysis and Graphics. 1995. Los Angeles: Dataxion Software, Inc.
29. Svanberg, U., Medhin, M.G., Ljungqvist, B., and Olsson, M. 1977. Breast milk composition in Rthiopian and Swedish mothers III. Amino acids and other nitrogenous substances. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 30: 499-507.
30. Verheul, F.E.AM., Bosch, M.J.A., and Cornelissen, P.J.H.C. 1986. Simplified and rapid methods for the determination of protein, fat, and lactose in human milk and the energy intake by breast-fed infant. Journal of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, 24: 341-6.
31. Verleysdonk, S. and Hamprecht, B. 2000. Synthesis and release of L-serine by rat astroglia-rich primary cultures. Glia, 30: 19-26.
32. Vessey, D.A. 1978. The biochemical basis for the conjugation of bile acids with either glycine or taurine. Biochemical Journal, 174: 621-626.
33. Villalpando, S., Butte, N.F., Flores-Huerta, S., and Thotathucery, M. 1998. Qualitative analysis of human milk produced by women consuming a Maize-predominant diet typical of rural Mexico. Annual Nutrition Metabolism, 42: 23-32.
34. Wu, Z.C., Chijang, C.C., Lau, B.H., Hwang, B., Sugawara, M., and Idota, T. 2000. Crude protein content and amino acid composition in Taiwanese human milk. Journal of Nutrition Science Vitaminol, 46 (5): 246-251.
35. Wurtman, J.J. and Fernstrom, J.D. 1979. Free amino acids, protein, and fat contents of breast milk from Guatemala mothers consuming a corn-based diet. Early Human Development, 3: 67-77.