Topical drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye: Anatomical and physiological considerations

Pharmazie

Volumn 63, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 171-179

  Loftsson, Thorsteinn ^a   Sigurdsson, H H ^a   Konradsdottir F ^a   Gisladottir S ^a   Jansook, P ^a   Stefansson E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ICELAND   (Iceland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

2 HYDROXYPROPYL BETA CYCLODEXTRIN; 2 HYDROXYPROPYL GAMMA CYCLODEXTRIN; ACETAZOLAMIDE; ALPHA CYCLODEXTRIN; BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE; BETA CYCLODEXTRIN; BETA CYCLODEXTRIN SULFOBUTYL ETHER; CYCLODEXTRIN DERIVATIVE; DEXAMETHASONE; DORZOLAMIDE; EDETATE SODIUM; GAMMA CYCLODEXTRIN; HYDROXYETHYLCELLULOSE; HYDROXYPROPYLMETHYLCELLULOSE; KLEPTOSE; RANDOMLY METHYLATED BETA CYCLODEXTRIN; SULFOBUTYLETHER BETA CYCLODEXTRIN SODIUM SALT; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANATOMY; APPETITE DISORDER; CONJUNCTIVA; DEPRESSION; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG DIFFUSION; DRUG FORMULATION; DRUG PENETRATION; FATIGUE; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOM; HUMAN; LACRIMAL FLUID; LIPOPHILICITY; MALAISE; MEMBRANE; NEPHROLITHIASIS; NONHUMAN; PARESTHESIA; PHYSIOLOGY; POSTERIOR EYE CHAMBER; RETINA; REVIEW; SCLERA; SIDE EFFECT; VISCOSITY; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

ADMINISTRATION, TOPICAL; ANIMALS; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS; EXCIPIENTS; EYE; HUMANS; OCULAR PHYSIOLOGY; PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS;

EID: 41349083109     PISSN: 00317144     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1691/ph.2008.7322     Document Type: Review

References (60)

1. Acheampong AA, Breau A, Shackleton M, Lou W, Lam S, Tangliu DDS (1995) Comparison of concentration-time profiles of levobunolol and timolol in anterior and posterior ocular-tissues of albino rabbits. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 11: 489-502.
2. Ambati J, Adamis AP (2002) Transscleral drug delivery to the retina and choroid. Prog Ret Eye Res 21: 145-151.
3. Araie M, Takase M, Sakai Y, Ishii Y, Yokoyama Y, Kitagawa M (1982) Beta-adrenergic blockers - ocular penetration and binding to the uveal pigment. Jpn J Ophthalmol 26: 248-263.
4. Bansil R, Turner BS (2006) Mucin structure, aggregation, physiological functions and biomedical applications. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 11: 164-170.
5. Bishop PN (2000) Structural macromolecules and supramolecular organisation of the vitreous gel. Prog Retin Eye Res 19: 323-344.
6. Bos KJ, Holmes DF, Meadows RS, Kadler KE, McLeod D, Bishop PN (2001) Collagen fibril organisation in mammalian vitreous by freeze etch/rotary shadowing electron microscopy. Micron 32: 301-306.
7. Brewster ME, Loftsson T (2007) Cyclodextrins as pharmaceutical solubilizers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 59: 645-666.
8. Davies NM, Wang G, Tucker IG (1997) Evaluation of a hydrocortisone/ hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin solution for ocular drug delivery. Int J Pharm 156: 201-209.
9. Davis JL, Gilger BC, Robinson M (2004) Novel approaches to ocular drug delivery. Curr Opin Mol Ther 6: 195-205.
10. Delyfer MN, Rougier MB, Hubschman JP, Aouizerate F, Korobelnik JF (2007) Cytomegalovirus retinitis following intravitreal injection of triamcinolone: report of two cases. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 85: 681-683.
11. Fasolino G, Bamonte G, Patelli F, Centola M, Petroni S (2007) Retinal pigment epithelial tear after intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide for neovascular pigment epithelial detachment: a mechanical explanation. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 85: 575-576.
12. Flynn GL, Carpender OS, Yalkowsky SH (1972) Total mathematical resolution of diffusion layer control of barrier flux. J Pharm Sci 61: 312-314.
13. Flynn GL, Yalkowsky SH (1972) Correlation and prediction of mass transport across membranes I: influence of alkyl chain length on flux-determining properties of barrier and diffusant. J Pharm Sci 61: 838-852.
14. Gavrilin MV, Kompantseva EV, Gusova BA, Ushakova LS, Makarova VA, Karpenya LI (1999) Dexamethasone eye drops based on the products of its interaction with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin: synthesis and study. Pharm Chem J 33: 160-163.
15. Gelse K, Pöschl E, Aigner T (2003) Collagens - structure, function, and biosynthesis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 55: 1531-1546.
16. Ghate D, Edelhauser HF (2006) Ocular drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 3: 275-287.
17. Hämäläinen KM, Kananen K, Auriola S, Kontturi K, Urtti A (1997a) Charaterization of paracellular and aqueous penetration routes in cornea conjunctiva, and slera. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 38: 627-633.
18. Hämäläinen KM, Kontturi K, Auriola S, Murtomäki L, Urtti A (1997b) Estimation of pore size and pore density of biomembranes from permeability measurements of polyethylene glycols using an effusion-like approach. J Control Release 49: 97-104.
19. Higuchi T (1960) Physical chemical analysis of percutaneous absorption process from creams and ointments. J Soc Cosmetic Chemists 11(2): 85-97.
20. Hughes PM, Olejnik O, Chang-Lin J-E, Wilson CG (2005) Topical and systemic drug delivery to the posterior segments. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 57: 2010-2032.
21. Ihanamäki T, Pelliniemi LJ, Vuorio E (2004) Collagens and collagen-related matrix components in the human and mouse eye. Prog Ret Eye Res 23: 403-434.
22. Jonas JB (2005) Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for treatment of intraocular oedematous and neovascular diseases. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 83: 645-663.
23. Kaur IP, Smitha R, Aggarwal D, Kapil M (2002) Acetazolamide: future perspective in topical glaucoma therapeutics. Int J Pharm 248: 1-14.
24. Kearse EC, McIntyre OL, Johnson MH, Phillips CI, Lathe R, Adams W, Green K (2001) Influence of dehydroepiandrosterone on rabbit intraocular pressure. Ophthalmic Res 33: 42-47.
25. Khanvilkar K, Donovan MD, Flanagan DR (2001) Drug transfer through mucus. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 48: 173-193.
26. Kojima A, Ohno-Matsui K, Futagami S, Shimada N, Tokoro T, Mochizuki M (2006) Trans-Tenon's retrobulbar triamcinolone infusion for myopic choroidal neovascularization. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 84: 749-754.
27. Kristinsson JK, Frioriksdóttir H, Thórisdóttir S, Siguroardóttir AM, Stefánsson E, Loftsson T (1996) Dexamethasone-cyclodextrin-polymer co-complexes in aqueous eye drops. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 37: 1199-1203.
28. Kusaka S, Ikuno Y, Ohguro N, Hori Y, Tano Y (2007) Orbital infection following posterior subtenon triamcinolone injection. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 85: 692-693.
29. Lai SK, O'Hanlon DE, Harrold S, Man ST, Wang Y-Y, Cone R, Hanes J (2007) Rapid transport of large polymeric nanoparticles in fresh undiluted human mucus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A. (PNAS) 104: 1482-1487.
30. Loftsson T, Brewster ME (1996) Pharmaceutical applications of cyclodextrins. 1. Drug solubilization and stabilization. J Pharm Sci 85: 1017-1025.
31. Loftsson T, Duchêne D (2007) Cyclodextrins and their pharmaceutical applications. Int J Pharm 329: 1-11.
32. Loftsson T, Hreinsdóttir D, Stefánsson E (2007a) Cyclodextrin microparticles for drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye: aqueous dexamethasone eye drops. J Pharm Pharmacol 59: 629-635.
33. Loftsson T, Järvinen T (1999) Cyclodextrins in ophthalmic drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 36: 59-79.
34. Loftsson T, Sigurosson HH, Hreinsdóttir D, Konráosdó ttir F, Stefánsson E (2007b) Dexamethasone delivery to posterior segment of the eye. J Incl Phenom Macroc Chem 57: 585-589.
35. Loftsson T, Stefánsson E (2007) Cyclodextrins in ocular drug delivery. J Drug Del Sci Tech 17: 3-9.
36. Loftsson T, Vogensen SB, Brewster ME, Konráosdóttir F (2007c) Effects of cyclodextrins on drug delivery through biological membranes. J Pharm Sci 96: 2532-2546.
37. Mannermaa E, Vellonen K-S, Urtti A (2006) Drug transport in corneal epithelium and blood-retina barrier: emerging role of transporters in ocular pharmacokinetics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 58: 1136-1163.
38. Maren TH (1984) The general physiology of reactions catalyzed by carbonic-anhydrase and their inhibition by sulfonamides. Ann NY Acad Sci 429: 568-579.
39. Maren TH (1987) Carbonic-anhydrase - general perspectives and advances in glaucoma research. Drug Dev Res 10: 255-276.
40. Moffat AC, Osselton MD, Widdop B, (eds) (2004) Clarke's Analysis of drugs and poisons, Pharmaceutical Press, London.
41. Moroi SE, Lichter PR (2001) Ocular pharmacology, Chapter 66. In: Hardman JG, Limbird LE (eds.) Goodman & Gilman's the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 13th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1821-1848.
42. Myles ME, Neumann DM, Hill JM (2005) Recent progress in ocular drug delivery for posterior segment disease: emphasis on transsciera iontophoresis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 57: 2063-2079.
43. Pfeiffer N (1997) Dorzolamide: development and clinical application of a topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Surv. Ophthalmol., 42: 137-151.
44. Prausnitz MR, Noonan JS (1998) Permeability of cornea, sclera, and conjunctiva: a literature analysis for drug delivery to the eye. J Pharm Sci 87: 1479-1487.
45. Raghava S, Hammond M, Kompella UB (2004) Periocular routes for retinal drug delivery. Exp Opin Drug Deliv 1: 99-114.
46. Sasaki H, Yamamura K, Nishida K, Nakamura J, Ichikawa M (1996) Delivery of drugs to the eye by topical application. Prog Ret Eye Res 15: 583-620.
47. Sigurosson HH, Konráosdóttir F, Loftsson T, Stefánsson E (2007) Topical and systemic absorption in delivery of dexamethasone to the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 85: 598-602.
48. Sigurosson HH, Stefánsson E, Gudmundsdóttir E, Eysteinsson T, Thorsteinsdóttir M, Loftsson T (2005) Cyclodextrin formulation of dorzolamide and its distribution in the eye after topical administration. J Control Release 102: 255-262.
49. Silver LH (2000) Ocular comfort of brinzolamide 1.0% ophthalmic suspension compared with dorzolamide 2.0% ophthalmic solution: results from two multicenter comfort studies. Surv Ophthalmol 44 (Suppl. 2): S141-S145.
50. Sivaprasad S, McCluskey P, Lightman S (2006) Intravitreal steroids in the management of macular oedema. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 84: 722-733.
51. Sjoquist B, Basu S, Byding P, Bergh K, Stjernschantz J (1998) The pharmacokinetics of a new antiglaucoma drug, latanoprost, in the rabbit. Drug Metab Dispos 26: 745-754.
52. Stefánsson E, Pedersen DB, Jensen PK, la Cour M, Kiilgaard JF, Bang K, Eysteinsson T (2005) Optic nerve oxygenation. Progr Ret Eye Res, 24: 307-332.
53. Sugrue MF (1989) The pharmacology of antiglaucoma drugs. Pharm Ther 43: 91-138.
54. Sugrue MF (1996) The preclinical pharmacology of dorzolamide hydrochloride, a topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. J Ocular Pharmacol Therap 12: 363-375.
55. Urtti A, Salminen L, Kujari H, Jantti V (1984a) Effect of ocular pigmentation on pilocarpine pharmacology in the rabbit eye. 2. Drug response. Int J Pharm 19: 53-61.
56. Urtti A, Salminen L, Periviita L (1984b) Ocular distribution of topically applied adrenaline in albino and pigmented rabbits. Acta Ophthalmol 62: 753-762.
57. Urtti A, Sendo T, Pipkin JD, Rork G, Repta AJ (1988) Application site dependent ocular absorption of timolol. J Ocul Pharmacol 4: 335-343.
58. Usayapant A, Karara AH, Narurkar MM (1991) Effect of 2-hydroxypropyl- β-cyclodextrin on the ocular absorption of dexamethasone and dexamethasone acetate. Pharm Res 12: 1495-1499.
59. nd Ed., Taylor & Francis, London.
60. Yasukawa T, Ogura Y, Sakurai E, Tabata Y, Kimura H (2005) Intraocular sustained drug delivery using implantable polymer devices. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 57: 2033-2047.