Fully embedded board-level optical interconnects from waveguide fabrication to device integration

Journal of Lightwave Technology

Volumn 26, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 243-250

  Wang, Xiaolong ^a   Jiang, Wei ^b   Wang, Li ^c   Bi, Hai ^c   Chen, Ray T ^c  

^a Omega Optics Inc   (United States)

^b RUTGERS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

Author keywords

45 micromirrors; Hard molding; Optical interconnects; Optical printed circuit board; Polymer waveguide; Ultra voilet embossing

Indexed keywords

LIGHT PROPAGATION; MIRRORS; OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES; OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES; PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS; SURFACE EMITTING LASERS;

HARD MOLDING; MICROMIRRORS; OPTICAL PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD; POLYMER WAVEGUIDE; ULTRAVIOLET EMBOSSING;

OPTICAL INTERCONNECTS;

EID: 40749156654     PISSN: 07338724     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2007.911115     Document Type: Article

References (18)

1. The National Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) - Technology Needs. Austin, TX: International SEMATECH, Semiconductor Industry Association, 2005.
2. S. Berry, Advanced Bus and Interface Market and Trends. San Jose, CA: Electronic Trend, 2003.
3. D. Huang, T. Sze, A. Landin, R. Lytel, and H. L. Davidson, "Optical interconnects: Out of the box forever?," IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 614-623, 2003.
4. J. W. Goodman, F. I. Leonberger, S. Y. Kung, and R. A. Athale, "Optical interconnections for VLSI systems," Proc. IEEE, vol. 72, no. 7, pp. 850-866, 1984.
5. J. H. Collet, F. Cagneit, F. Sellaye, and D. Litaize, "Performance constraints for onchip optical interconnects," IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 425-432, 2003.
6. E. M. Strzelecka, D. A. Louderback, B. J. Thibeault, G. B. Thompson, K. Bertilsson, and L. A. Coldren, "Parallel free-space optical interconnect based on arrays of vertical-cavity lasers and detectors with monolithic microlenses," Appl. Opt., vol. 37, no. 14, pp. 2811-2821.
7. M. Schneider and T. Kühner, "Optical interconnects on printed circuit boards using embedded optical fibers," Proc. SPIE, vol. 6185, p. 61850L-1, 2006.
8. I. K. Cho, K. B. Yoon, S. H. Ahn, and H. K. Sung, "Experimental demonstration of 10 Gbit/s transmission with an optical backplane system using optical slots," Opt. Lett., vol. 30, no. 13, pp. 1635-1637.
9. R. T. Chen, L. Lin, C. Choi, Y. Liu, B. Bihari, L. Wu, S. Tang, R. Wickman, B. Picor, M. K. Hibbs-brenner, J. Bristow, and Y. S. Liu, "Fully embedded board-level guided wave optoelectronic interconnects," Proc. IEEE, vol. 88, no. 6, pp. 780-794.
10. C. Choi, L. Lin, Y. Liu, J. Choi, L. Wang, D. Haas, J. Magera, and R. T. Chen, "Flexible optical waveguide film fabrications and optoelectronic devices integration for fully embedded board-level optical interconnects," IEEE J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 2168-2176, Sept. 2004.
11. L. Wang, X. Wang, W. Jiang, J. Choi, H. Bi, and R. T. Chen, "45° polymer-based total internal reflection coupling mirrors for fully embedded intraboard guidedwave optical interconnects," Appl. Phys. Lett, vol. 87, no. 14, pp. 141110-141110.
12. D. Nilsson, S. Jensen, and A. Menon, "Fabrication of silicon molds for polymer optics," J. Micromech. Microeng., vol. 13, no. 4, pp. S57-S61.
13. 2 waveguides by roughness reduction," Opt. Lett., vol. 26, no. 23, pp. 1888-1890.
14. A. L. Glebov, M. G. Lee, and K. Yokouchi, "Integration technologies for pluggable backplane optical interconnect systems," Opt. Eng., vol. 46, pp. 015403-015403, 2007.
15. K. B. Yoon, C. G. Choi, and S. P. Han, "Fabrication of multimode polymeric waveguides by hot embossing lithography," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 43, no. 6A, pp. 3450-3451.
16. J. H. Wu, J. Wu, J. Bao, and X. Wu, "Soft-lithography-based optical interconnection with high misalignment tolerance," Opt. Express, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 6259-6267.
17. A. E. Siegman and S. W. Townsend, "Output beam propagation and beam quality from a multimode stable-cavity laser," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 1212-1217, Apr. 1993.
18. X. Wang, L. Wang, W. Jiang, and R. T. Chen, "51 cm-long hard-molded waveguide array with 150 GHz bandwidth for board level optical interconnects," Opt. Lett., vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 677-679, 2007.