Predisposition in the Evolution of Insomnia: Evidence, Potential Mechanisms, and Future Directions

Sleep Medicine Clinics

Volumn 1, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 333-349

  Drake, Christopher L ^a,b   Roth, Thomas ^a,b  

^a HENRY FORD HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 40749128309     PISSN: 1556407X     EISSN: 15564088     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2006.06.005     Document Type: Review

References (107)

1. Ford D.E., and Kamerow D.B. Epidemiologic study of sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders. An opportunity for prevention?. JAMA 262 11 (1989) 1479-1484
2. Ohayon M.M. Prevalence of DSM-IV diagnostic criteria of insomnia: distinguishing insomnia related to mental disorders from sleep disorders. J Psychiatr Res 31 3 (1997) 333-346
3. Breslau N., Roth T., Rosenthal L., et al. Sleep disturbance and psychiatric disorders: a longitudinal epidemiological study of young adults. Biol Psychiatry 39 6 (1996) 411-418
4. Morgan K. Daytime activity and risk factors for late-life insomnia. J Sleep Res 12 3 (2003) 231-238
5. Foley D.J., Monjan A., Simonsick E.M., et al. Incidence and remission of insomnia among elderly adults: an epidemiologic study of 6,800 persons over three years. Sleep 22 Suppl 2 (1999) S366-S372
6. Quan S.F., Katz R., Olson J., et al. Factors associated with incidence and persistence of symptoms of disturbed sleep in an elderly cohort: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Am J Med Sci 329 4 (2005) 163-172
7. Chang P.P., Ford D.E., Mead L.A., et al. Insomnia in young men and subsequent depression. The Johns Hopkins Precursors Study. Am J Epidemiol 146 2 (1997) 105-114
8. Perlis M.L., Giles D.E., Buysse D.J., et al. Self-reported sleep disturbance as a prodromal symptom in recurrent depression. J Affect Disord 42 2-3 (1997) 209-212
9. Fava M., McCall W.V., Krystal A., et al. Eszopiclone co-administered with fluoxetine in patients with insomnia coexisting with major depressive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 59 (2006) 1052-1060
10. Leger D., Guilleminault C., Bader G., et al. Medical and socio-professional impact of insomnia. Sleep 25 6 (2002) 625-629
11. Godet-Cayre V., Pelletier-Fleury N., Le Vaillant M., et al. Insomnia and absenteeism at work. Who pays the cost?. Sleep 29 2 (2006) 179-184
12. Avidan A.Y., Fries B.E., James M.L., et al. Insomnia and hypnotic use, recorded in the minimum data set, as predictors of falls and hip fractures in Michigan nursing homes. J Am Geriatr Soc 53 6 (2005) 955-962
13. Katz D.A., and McHorney C.A. The relationship between insomnia and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic illness. J Fam Pract 51 3 (2002) 229-235
14. Simon G.E., and VonKorff M. Prevalence, burden, and treatment of insomnia in primary care. Am J Psychiatry 154 10 (1997) 1417-1423
15. Walsh J.K., and Engelhardt C.L. The direct economic costs of insomnia in the United States for 1995. Sleep 22 Suppl 2 (1999) S386-S393
16. Smith M.T., Perlis M.L., Carmody T.P., et al. Presleep cognitions in patients with insomnia secondary to chronic pain. J Behav Med 24 1 (2001) 93-114
17. National Institutes of Health State of the Science Conference Statement. Manifestations and management of chronic insomnia in adults, June 13-15, 2005. Sleep 28 9 (2005) 1049-1057
18. Nierenberg A.A., Keefe B.R., Leslie V.C., et al. Residual symptoms in depressed patients who respond acutely to fluoxetine. J Clin Psychiatry 60 4 (1999) 221-225
19. Schneider-Helmert D., Whitehouse I., Kumar A., et al. Insomnia and alpha sleep in chronic non-organic pain as compared to primary insomnia. Neuropsychobiology 43 1 (2001) 54-58
20. Lichstein K.L., Durrence H.H., Bayen U.J., et al. Primary versus secondary insomnia in older adults: subjective sleep and daytime functioning. Psychol Aging 16 2 (2001) 264-271
21. Smith M.T., Perlis M.L., Smith M.S., et al. Sleep quality and presleep arousal in chronic pain. J Behav Med 23 1 (2000) 1-13
22. George C.F., and Bayliff C.D. Management of insomnia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Drugs 63 4 (2003) 379-387
23. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th edition (1994), American Psychiatric Association, Washington (DC)
24. Bastien C.H., Vallieres A., and Morin C.M. Precipitating factors of insomnia. Behav Sleep Med 2 1 (2004) 50-62
25. Healey E.S., Kales A., Monroe L.J., et al. Onset of insomnia: role of life-stress events. Psychosom Med 43 5 (1981) 439-451
26. Linton S.J. Does work stress predict insomnia? A prospective study. Br J Health Psychol 9 Pt 2 (2004) 127-136
27. Kawada T., Yosiaki S., Yasuo K., et al. Population study on the prevalence of insomnia and insomnia-related factors among Japanese women. Sleep Med 4 6 (2003) 563-567
28. Morin C.M., Rodrigue S., and Ivers H. Role of stress, arousal, and coping skills in primary insomnia. Psychosom Med 65 2 (2003) 259-267
29. Camhi S.L., Morgan W.J., Pernisco N., et al. Factors affecting sleep disturbances in children and adolescents. Sleep Med 1 2 (2000) 117-123
30. Johnson E.O., Roth T., Schultz L., et al. Epidemiology of DSM-IV insomnia in adolescence: lifetime prevalence, chronicity, and an emergent gender difference. Pediatrics 117 2 (2006) e247-e256
31. Shin C., Lee S., Lee T., et al. Prevalence of insomnia and its relationship to menopausal status in middle-aged Korean women. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 59 4 (2005) 395-402
32. Young T., Rabago D., Zgierska A., et al. Objective and subjective sleep quality in premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal women in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study. Sleep 26 6 (2003) 667-672
33. Murata K., and Araki S. Menarche and sleep among Japanese schoolgirls: an epidemiological approach to onset of menarche. Tohoku J Exp Med 171 1 (1993) 21-27
34. Ge X., Conger R.D., and Elder Jr. G.H. Pubertal transition, stressful life events, and the emergence of gender differences in adolescent depressive symptoms. Dev Psychol 37 3 (2001) 404-417
35. Simon A.E., Wardle J., Jarvis M.J., et al. Examining the relationship between pubertal stage, adolescent health behaviours and stress. Psychol Med 33 8 (2003) 1369-1379
36. Bromberger J.T., Assmann S.F., Avis N.E., et al. Persistent mood symptoms in a multiethnic community cohort of pre- and perimenopausal women. Am J Epidemiol 158 4 (2003) 347-356
37. Monroe S.M., and Simons A.D. Diathesis-stress theories in the context of life stress research: implications for the depressive disorders. Psychol Bull 110 3 (1991) 406-425
38. Kales A., and Vgontzas A.N. Predisposition to and development and persistence of chronic insomnia: importance of psychobehavioral factors. Arch Intern Med 152 8 (1992) 1570-1572
39. Spielman A.J., Caruso L.S., and Glovinsky P.B. A behavioral perspective on insomnia treatment. Psychiatr Clin North Am 10 4 (1987) 541-553
40. Caspi A., Sugden K., Moffitt T.E., et al. Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science 301 5631 (2003) 386-389
41. Perlis M., Smith M., and Pigeon W. Etiology and pathophysiology of insomnia. In: Kryger J.M., Roth T., and Dement W. (Eds). Principles and practice of sleep medicine. 4th edition (2005), Elsevier/Saunders, Philadelphia 714-725
42. Lavie P. Sleep disturbances in the wake of traumatic events. N Engl J Med 345 25 (2001) 1825-1832
43. Jefferson C.D., Drake C.L., Scofield H.M., et al. Sleep hygiene practices in a population-based sample of insomniacs. Sleep 28 5 (2005) 611-615
44. Roth T. Diagnosis and management of insomnia. Clin Cornerstone 2 5 (2000) 28-38
45. Chesson Jr. A.L., Anderson W.M., Littner M., et al. Practice parameters for the nonpharmacologic treatment of chronic insomnia. An American Academy of Sleep Medicine report. Standards of Practice Committee of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Sleep 22 8 (1999) 1128-1133
46. Rowbotham M.C., Twilling L., Davies P.S., et al. Oral opioid therapy for chronic peripheral and central neuropathic pain. N Engl J Med 348 13 (2003) 1223-1232
47. Watson N.F., Goldberg J., Arguelles L., et al. Genetic and environmental influences on insomnia, daytime sleepiness, and obesity in twins. Sleep 29 5 (2006) 645-649
48. Kales A., Caldwell A.B., Preston T.A., et al. Personality patterns in insomnia. Theoretical implications. Arch Gen Psychiatry 33 9 (1976) 1128-1134
49. Richardson G.S., and Roth T. Future directions in the management of insomnia. J Clin Psychiatry 62 Suppl 10 (2001) 39-45
50. Stepanski E., Zorick F., Roehrs T., et al. Effects of sleep deprivation on daytime sleepiness in primary insomnia. Sleep 23 2 (2000) 215-219
51. Bonnet M.H., and Arand D.L. 24-Hour metabolic rate in insomniacs and matched normal sleepers. Sleep 18 7 (1995) 581-588
52. Harvey A.G. Pre-sleep cognitive activity: a comparison of sleep-onset insomniacs and good sleepers. Br J Clin Psychol 39 Pt 3 (2000) 275-286
53. Vgontzas A.N., Bixler E.O., Lin H.M., et al. Chronic insomnia is associated with nyctohemeral activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis: clinical implications. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86 8 (2001) 3787-3794
54. Stepanski E., Zorick F., Roehrs T., et al. Daytime alertness in patients with chronic insomnia compared with asymptomatic control subjects. Sleep 11 1 (1988) 54-60
55. Haynes S.N., Follingstad D.R., and McGowan W.T. Insomnia: sleep patterns and anxiety level. J Psychosom Res 18 2 (1974) 69-74
56. Merica H., and Gaillard J.M. The EEG of the sleep onset period in insomnia: a discriminant analysis. Physiol Behav 52 2 (1992) 199-204
57. Perlis M.L., Smith M.T., Andrews P.J., et al. Beta/gamma EEG activity in patients with primary and secondary insomnia and good sleeper controls. Sleep 24 1 (2001) 110-117
58. Varkevisser M., Van Dongen H.P., and Kerkhof G.A. Physiologic indexes in chronic insomnia during a constant routine: evidence for general hyperarousal?. Sleep 28 12 (2005) 1588-1596
59. Smith M.T., Perlis M.L., Chengazi V.U., et al. Neuroimaging of NREM sleep in primary insomnia: a Tc-99-HMPAO single photon emission computed tomography study. Sleep 25 3 (2002) 325-335
60. Nofzinger E.A., Buysse D.J., Germain A., et al. Functional neuroimaging evidence for hyperarousal in insomnia. Am J Psychiatry 161 11 (2004) 2126-2128
61. Drummond S.P., Brown G.G., Gillin J.C., et al. Altered brain response to verbal learning following sleep deprivation. Nature 403 6770 (2000) 655-657
62. Drummond S.P., Smith M.T., Orff H.J., et al. Functional imaging of the sleeping brain: review of findings and implications for the study of insomnia. Sleep Med Rev 8 3 (2004) 227-242
63. Bonnet M.H., and Arand D.L. The consequences of a week of insomnia. Sleep 19 6 (1996) 453-461
64. Vitiello M.V., Prinz P.N., and Halter J.B. Sodium-restricted diet increases nighttime plasma norepinephrine and impairs sleep patterns in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 56 3 (1983) 553-556
65. Edinger J.D., Fins A.I., Sullivan Jr. R.J., et al. Sleep in the laboratory and sleep at home: comparisons of older insomniacs and normal sleepers. Sleep 20 12 (1997) 1119-1126
66. Edinger J.D., Marsh G.R., McCall W.V., et al. Sleep variability across consecutive nights of home monitoring in older mixed DIMS patients. Sleep 14 1 (1991) 13-17
67. Wohlgemuth W.K., Edinger J.D., Fins A.I., et al. How many nights are enough? The short-term stability of sleep parameters in elderly insomniacs and normal sleepers. Psychophysiology 36 2 (1999) 233-244
68. Prinz P.N., Bailey S.L., and Woods D.L. Sleep impairments in healthy seniors: roles of stress, cortisol, and interleukin-1 beta. Chronobiol Int 17 3 (2000) 391-404
69. Rodenbeck A., Huether G., Ruther E., et al. Interactions between evening and nocturnal cortisol secretion and sleep parameters in patients with severe chronic primary insomnia. Neurosci Lett 324 2 (2002) 159-163
70. Vgontzas A.N., Tsigos C., Bixler E.O., et al. Chronic insomnia and activity of the stress system: a preliminary study. J Psychosom Res 45 1 Spec No (1998) 21-31
71. Riemann D., Klein T., Rodenbeck A., Feige B., et al. Nocturnal cortisol and melatonin secretion in primary insomnia. Psychiatry Res 113 1-2 (2002) 17-27
72. Agnew Jr. H.W., Webb W.B., and Williams R.L. The first night effect: an EEG study of sleep. Psychophysiology 2 3 (1966) 263-266
73. Bonnet M.H., and Arand D.L. Situational insomnia: consistency, predictors, and outcomes. Sleep 26 8 (2003) 1029-1036
74. Drake C., Richardson G., Roehrs T., et al. Vulnerability to stress-related sleep disturbance and hyperarousal. Sleep 27 2 (2004) 285-291
75. Drake C., Jefferson C., Roehrs T., et al. Stress-related sleep disturbance and polysomnographic response to caffeine. Sleep Med (2006) In press
76. Stepanski E., Glinn M., Zorick F., et al. Heart rate changes in chronic insomnia. Stress Med 10 (1994) 261-266
77. Salin-Pascual R.J., Valencia-Flores M., Campos R.M., et al. Caffeine challenge in insomniac patients after total sleep deprivation. Sleep Med 7 2 (2006) 141-145
78. Spiegel K., Leproult R., and Van Cauter E. Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet 354 9188 (1999) 1435-1439
79. Bastien C.H., and Morin C.M. Familial incidence of insomnia. J Sleep Res 9 1 (2000) 49-54
80. Lichstein K., and Fanning J. Cognitive anxiety in insomnia: an analogue test. Stress Med 6 (1990) 47-51
81. Mora S., Redberg R.F., Cui Y., et al. Ability of exercise testing to predict cardiovascular and all-cause death in asymptomatic women: a 20-year follow-up of the lipid research clinics prevalence study. JAMA 290 12 (2003) 1600-1607
82. Matthews K.A., Zhu S., Tucker D.C., et al. Blood pressure reactivity to psychological stress and coronary calcification in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. Hypertension 47 3 (2006) 391-395
83. Tuomisto M.T., Majahalme S., Kahonen M., et al. Psychological stress tasks in the prediction of blood pressure level and need for antihypertensive medication: 9-12 years of follow-up. Health Psychol 24 1 (2005) 77-87
84. Jefferson C, Roth T, Roehrs T, et al. Sleep reactivity to stress in insomniacs. In: Proceedings of the World Association of Sleep Medicine. Berlin: Medimond; 2005.
85. Coren S. Prediction of insomnia from arousability predisposition scores: scale development and cross-validation. Behav Res Ther 26 5 (1988) 415-420
86. Drake C., Jefferson C., Roehrs T., et al. Vulnerability to chronic insomnia: a longitudinal population-based prospective study. [abstract]. Sleep 27 Abstract Suppl (2004) A270-A271
87. Nelson E.E., Shelton S.E., and Kalin N.H. Individual differences in the response of naive Rhesus monkeys to snakes. Emotion 3 1 (2003) 3-11
88. Vgontzas A.N., Bixler E.O., Wittman A.M., et al. Middle-aged men show higher sensitivity of sleep to the arousing effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone than young men: clinical implications. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86 4 (2001) 1489-1495
89. Hunsley M.S., and Palmiter R.D. Norepinephrine-deficient mice exhibit normal sleep-wake states but have shorter sleep latency after mild stress and low doses of amphetamine. Sleep 26 5 (2003) 521-526
90. Hunsley M.S., and Palmiter R.D. Altered sleep latency and arousal regulation in mice lacking norepinephrine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 78 4 (2004) 765-773
91. Bonnet M.H., and Arand D.L. Heart rate variability in insomniacs and matched normal sleepers. Psychosom Med 60 5 (1998) 610-615
92. Monroe L.J. Psychological and physiological differences between good and poor sleepers. J Abnorm Psychol 72 3 (1967) 255-264
93. Irwin M., Clark C., Kennedy B., et al. Nocturnal catecholamines and immune function in insomniacs, depressed patients, and control subjects. Brain Behav Immun 17 5 (2003) 365-372
94. Koob G.F. Corticotropin-releasing factor, norepinephrine, and stress. Biol Psychiatry 46 9 (1999) 1167-1180
95. Perlis M.L., Giles D.E., Mendelson W.B., et al. Psychophysiological insomnia: the behavioural model and a neurocognitive perspective. J Sleep Res 6 3 (1997) 179-188
96. Sanford L.D., Yang L., Liu X., et al. Effects of tetrodotoxin (TTX) inactivation of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CNA) on dark period sleep and activity. Brain Res (2006)
97. Della Paschoa O.E., Kruk M.R., Hamstra R., et al. Seizure patterns in kindling and cortical stimulation models of experimental epilepsy. Brain Res 770 1-2 (1997) 221-227
98. Shouse M.N., and Sterman M.B. Sleep and kindling: II. Effects of generalized seizure induction. Exp Neurol 71 3 (1981) 563-580
99. Shouse M.N., and Sterman M.B. 'Kindling' a sleep disorder: degree of sleep pathology predicts kindled seizure susceptibility in cats. Brain Res 271 1 (1983) 196-200
100. Kendler K.S., Thornton L.M., and Gardner C.O. Stressful life events and previous episodes in the etiology of major depression in women: an evaluation of the "kindling" hypothesis. Am J Psychiatry 157 8 (2000) 1243-1251
101. Kendler K.S., Thornton L.M., and Gardner C.O. Genetic risk, number of previous depressive episodes, and stressful life events in predicting onset of major depression. Am J Psychiatry 158 4 (2001) 582-586
102. Post R.M. Transduction of psychosocial stress into the neurobiology of recurrent affective disorder. Am J Psychiatry 149 8 (1992) 999-1010
103. Segal Z.V., Williams J.M., Teasdale J.D., et al. A cognitive science perspective on kindling and episode sensitization in recurrent affective disorder. Psychol Med 26 2 (1996) 371-380
104. Hatzinger M. Neuropeptides and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system: review of recent research strategies in depression. World J Biol Psychiatry 1 2 (2000) 105-111
105. Levine S. Influence of psychological variables on the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Eur J Pharmacol 405 1-3 (2000) 149-160
106. Harvey A.G., and Greenall E. Catastrophic worry in primary insomnia. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 34 1 (2003) 11-23
107. Griffiths M.F., and Peerson A. Risk factors for chronic insomnia following hospitalization. J Adv Nurs 49 3 (2005) 245-253