메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 151-188

Incapacitating biochemical weapons science, technology, and policy for the 21st century

(1)  Pearson, Alan a  

a NONE

Author keywords

Arms control; Biochemical weapons; Biological weapons; Chemical incapacitating agents; Chemical weapons; Fentanyl; Non lethal weapons

Indexed keywords


EID: 40049097259     PISSN: 10736700     EISSN: 17461766     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10736700601012029     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (25)

References (158)
  • 1
    • 85023734636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: National Academies Press
    • National Research Council, Globalization, Biosecurity and the Future of the Life Sciences (Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2006), p. 5
    • (2006) Biosecurity and the Future of the Life Sciences , pp. 5
  • 2
    • 0034828417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioregulators as Instruments of Terror
    • Elliot Kagan, “Bioregulators as Instruments of Terror,” Clinics in Laboratory Medicine. 21 (Sept. 2001), pp. 607-618
    • (2001) Clinics in Laboratory Medicine , vol.21 , pp. 607-618
    • Kagan, E.1
  • 4
    • 85023687103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global Effort Needed to Anticipate and Prevent Potential Misuse of Advances in Life Science
    • Jan 31
    • National Academies of Science, “Global Effort Needed to Anticipate and Prevent Potential Misuse of Advances in Life Science,” Press Release, Jan 31, 2006,
    • (2006) Press Release
  • 6
    • 85023682846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Could Terrorists Hijack Your Brain?
    • Feb 1
    • Emily Singer, “Could Terrorists Hijack Your Brain?” Technology Review (Feb 1, 2006), www.technologyreview.com/read_article.aspx?id_/16221&ch_/biotech
    • (2006) Technology Review
    • Singer, E.1
  • 7
    • 0032845955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nuclear Blindness: An Overview of the Biological Weapons Programs of the Former Soviet Union and Iraq
    • July-Aug
    • Christopher J. Davis, “Nuclear Blindness: An Overview of the Biological Weapons Programs of the Former Soviet Union and Iraq,” Emerging Infectious Diseases. 5 (July-Aug. 1999), pp. 509-512
    • (1999) Emerging Infectious Diseases , vol.5 , pp. 509-512
    • Davis, C.J.1
  • 8
    • 85023667653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Naval Studies Board, National Research Council
    • Washington, DC: National Academies Press
    • Committee for an Assessment of Non-Lethal Weapons Science and Technology, Naval Studies Board, National Research Council, An Assessment of Non-Lethal Weapons Science and Technology (Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2003), p. 4.
    • (2003) An Assessment of Non-Lethal Weapons Science and Technology , pp. 4
  • 9
    • 0037407650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unexpected ‘Gas Casualties in Moscow: A Medical Toxicology Perspective,”
    • Paul M. Wax, Charles E. Becker, and Steven C. Curry, “Unexpected ‘Gas’ Casualties in Moscow: A Medical Toxicology Perspective,” Annals of Emergency Medicine. 41 (Aug 2003) pp. 700-705
    • (2003) Annals of Emergency Medicine , vol.41 , pp. 700-705
    • Wax, P.M.1    Becker, C.E.2    Curry, S.C.3
  • 10
    • 77949306329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bradford, UK: Centre for Conflict Resolution, University of Bradford, May
    • Neil Davison and Nick Lewer, Bradford Non-Lethal Weapons Research Project Research Report No 5, (Bradford, UK: Centre for Conflict Resolution, University of Bradford, May 2004), p. 39, www.bradford.ac.uk/acad/nlw/research_reports/docs/BNLWRPResearch ReportNo5_May04.pdf
    • (2004) Bradford Non-Lethal Weapons Research Project Research Report No 5 , pp. 39
    • Davison, N.1    Lewer, N.2
  • 11
    • 0004053611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3rd ed (New York: Wiley
    • Donald Voet, Biochemistry, 3rd ed. (New York: Wiley, 2004), p. 13.
    • (2004) Biochemistry , pp. 13
    • Voet, D.1
  • 12
    • 0035843962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural Mechanism for Statin Inhibition of HMG-CoA Reductase
    • May 11
    • Eva S. Istvan and Johann Deisenhofer, “Structural Mechanism for Statin Inhibition of HMG-CoA Reductase,” Science 292 (May 11, 2001), pp. 1160-1164
    • (2001) Science , vol.292 , pp. 1160-1164
    • Istvan, E.S.1    Deisenhofer, J.2
  • 13
    • 0036986060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Discovery and Development of Atorvastatin, a Potent Novel Hypolipidemic Agent
    • Bruce D. Roth, “The Discovery and Development of Atorvastatin, a Potent Novel Hypolipidemic Agent,” Progress in Medicinal Chemistry 40 (2002), pp. 1-22
    • (2002) Progress in Medicinal Chemistry , vol.40 , pp. 1-22
    • Roth, B.D.1
  • 15
    • 84903709613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incapacitating Agents
    • Frederick R. Sidell, Ernest T. Takafugi, and David R. Franz, eds., Washington, DC: TMM Publications
    • James S. Ketchum and Frederick R. Sidell, “Incapacitating Agents,” in Frederick R. Sidell, Ernest T. Takafugi, and David R. Franz, eds., Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare, TMM series, Part I (Washington, DC: TMM Publications, 1997), p. 288
    • (1997) Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare, TMM Series, Part I , pp. 288
    • Ketchum, J.S.1    Sidell, F.R.2
  • 18
    • 33748438472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Governance of Dual-Use Technologies in Chemical Warfare
    • Caitriona McLeish, “The Governance of Dual-Use Technologies in Chemical Warfare,” M.Sc. dissertation, University of Sussex, 1997, pp. 55-65
    • (1997) M.Sc. Dissertation, University of Sussex , pp. 55-65
    • McLeish, C.1
  • 22
    • 85023676853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The UK’s Search for an Incapacitating (‘Non-Lethal’) Chemical Agent in the 1960s
    • Bradford, UK: Dept of Peace Studies, University of Bradford
    • Malcolm Dando, “The UK’s Search for an Incapacitating (‘Non-Lethal’) Chemical Agent in the 1960s,” Bradford Science and Technology Report No 6 (Bradford, UK: Dept of Peace Studies, University of Bradford, Jan 2006)
    • (2006) Bradford Science and Technology Report No 6
    • Dando, M.1
  • 23
    • 85023729275 scopus 로고
    • New York: Humanities Press
    • Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, The Problem of Chemical and Biological Warfare (New York: Humanities Press, 1971), Vol. 2, p. 124
    • (1971) The Problem of Chemical and Biological Warfare , vol.2 , pp. 124
  • 24
    • 85023659411 scopus 로고
    • New York: Humanities Press
    • Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, The Problem of Chemical and Biological Warfare (New York: Humanities Press, 1971), Vol. 2, p 154.
    • (1971) The Problem of Chemical and Biological Warfare , vol.2 , pp. 154
  • 25
    • 85023661635 scopus 로고
    • New York: Humanities Press
    • Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, The Problem of Chemical and Biological Warfare (New York: Humanities Press, 1971), Vol. 2, p 265.
    • (1971) The Problem of Chemical and Biological Warfare , vol.2 , pp. 265
  • 26
    • 85023659203 scopus 로고
    • New York: Humanities Press
    • Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, The Problem of Chemical and Biological Warfare (New York: Humanities Press, 1971), Vol. 2, p 273.
    • (1971) The Problem of Chemical and Biological Warfare , vol.2 , pp. 273
  • 27
    • 85023689992 scopus 로고
    • New York: Humanities Press
    • Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, The Problem of Chemical and Biological Warfare (New York: Humanities Press, 1971), Vol. 5, pp. 47-49
    • (1971) The Problem of Chemical and Biological Warfare , vol.5 , pp. 47-49
  • 28
    • 85023730894 scopus 로고
    • New York: Humanities Press
    • Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, The Problem of Chemical and Biological Warfare (New York: Humanities Press, 1971), Vol. 5, pp 127-128
    • (1971) The Problem of Chemical and Biological Warfare , vol.5 , pp. 127-128
  • 29
    • 85023694937 scopus 로고
    • Disabling chemical weapons: Some technical and historical aspects
    • paper delivered to the Second Workshop of the, Den Haag/Noordwijk, Netherlands, May 27-29
    • J. P Perry Robinson, “Disabling chemical weapons: some technical and historical aspects,” paper delivered to the Second Workshop of the Pugwash Study Group on Implementation of the CBW Conventions, Den Haag/Noordwijk, Netherlands, May 27-29, 1994.
    • (1994) Pugwash Study Group on Implementation of the CBW Conventions
    • Perry Robinson, J.P.1
  • 38
  • 48
    • 84932599565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Midspectrum Incapacitant Programs
    • Mark Wheelis, Lajos Rozsa, and Malcolm Dando, eds, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
    • Malcolm Dando and Martin Furmanski, “Midspectrum Incapacitant Programs,” in Mark Wheelis, Lajos Rozsa, and Malcolm Dando, eds., Deadly Cultures: Biological Weapons Since 1945 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006), pp. 246-249.
    • (2006) Deadly Cultures: Biological Weapons since 1945 , pp. 246-249
    • Dando, M.1    Furmanski, M.2
  • 49
    • 84932599565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Midspectrum Incapacitant Programs
    • Mark Wheelis, Lajos Rozsa, and Malcolm Dando, eds, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
    • Malcolm Dando and Martin Furmanski, “Midspectrum Incapacitant Programs,” in Mark Wheelis, Lajos Rozsa, and Malcolm Dando, eds., Deadly Cultures: Biological Weapons Since 1945 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006), p. 243.
    • (2006) Deadly Cultures: Biological Weapons since 1945 , pp. 243
    • Dando, M.1    Furmanski, M.2
  • 50
    • 84991441486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the Risk of Chemical and Biological Weapons Proliferation to Terrorists
    • Fall
    • Jean Pascal Zanders, “Assessing the Risk of Chemical and Biological Weapons Proliferation to Terrorists,” Nonproliferation Review 6 (Fall 1999), pp. 23-25.
    • (1999) Nonproliferation Review , vol.6 , pp. 23-25
    • Zanders, J.P.1
  • 55
    • 0020508539 scopus 로고
    • Clinical pharmacokinetics of fentanyl and its newer derivatives
    • Sept Oct
    • L.E. Mather, “Clinical pharmacokinetics of fentanyl and its newer derivatives,” Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 8 (Sept Oct 1983), pp. 422-446
    • (1983) Clinical Pharmacokinetics , vol.8 , pp. 422-446
    • Mather, L.E.1
  • 59
    • 18644376585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The changing pattern of anesthesia, 1954-2004 A review based on the content of the Canadian Journal of Anesthesia in its first half-century,”
    • David A.E. Shephard, “The changing pattern of anesthesia”, 1954-2004 A review based on the content of the Canadian Journal of Anesthesia in its first half-century,” Canadian Journal of Anesthesia 52 (March 2005), pp. 238-248.
    • (2005) Canadian Journal of Anesthesia , vol.52 , pp. 238-248
    • Shephard, D.A.E.1
  • 62
    • 0002367230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Principles of Therapeutics
    • Joel G. Hardman and Lee E. Limbird, eds., 10th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill Professional
    • Alan S. Nies, “Principles of Therapeutics,” in Joel G. Hardman and Lee E. Limbird, eds., Goodman and Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 10th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill Professional, 2001), p. 51.
    • (2001) Goodman and Gilman’s the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics , pp. 51
    • Nies, A.S.1
  • 67
    • 85023670467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Finds Hurdles in Search for Nonlethal Gas
    • Nov 1
    • Guy Gugliotta, “U.S. Finds Hurdles in Search for Nonlethal Gas,” Washington Post, Nov 1, 2002, p. A30
    • (2002) Washington Post , pp. A30
    • Gugliotta, G.1
  • 74
    • 85016286294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurobiology: A case study of the imminent militarization of biology
    • Mark Wheelis and Malcolm Dando, “Neurobiology: A case study of the imminent militarization of biology,” International Review of the Red Cross. 87 (Sept 2005), p. 561
    • (2005) International Review of the Red Cross , vol.87 , pp. 561
    • Wheelis, M.1    Dando, M.2
  • 75
    • 85022761983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Danger to the Chemical Weapons Convention from Incapacitating Chemicals
    • Bradford, UK: Dept. of Peace Studies, University of Bradford
    • Malcolm R. Dando, “The Danger to the Chemical Weapons Convention from Incapacitating Chemicals,” First CWC Review Conference Paper Number 4 (Bradford, UK: Dept. of Peace Studies, University of Bradford, March 2003), pp. 5, 11.
    • (2003) First CWC Review Conference Paper Number , vol.4
    • Dando, M.R.1
  • 76
    • 3242793327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historical review: A brief history and personal retrospective of seven-transmembrane receptors
    • Robert J. Lefkowitz, “Historical review: a brief history and personal retrospective of seven-transmembrane receptors,” Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. 25 (Aug 2004), pp. 413-422
    • (2004) Trends in Pharmacological Sciences , vol.25 , pp. 413-422
    • Lefkowitz, R.J.1
  • 78
    • 2142702853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurogenomics: At the intersection of neurobiology and genome sciences
    • Mark S. Boguski and Allan R. Jones, “Neurogenomics: at the intersection of neurobiology and genome sciences,” Nature Neuroscience 7. (May 2004), pp. 429-433
    • (2004) Nature Neuroscience , vol.7 , pp. 429-433
    • Boguski, M.S.1    Jones, A.R.2
  • 79
    • 0242571954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systems biology in neuroscience: Bridging genes to cognition
    • G. N. Grant, “Systems biology in neuroscience: Bridging genes to cognition,” Current Opinion in Neurobiology 13 (Oct. 2003), pp. 577-582.
    • (2003) Current Opinion in Neurobiology , vol.13 , pp. 577-582
    • Grant, G.N.1
  • 80
    • 84988893339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biotechnology and Biochemical Weapons
    • Spring
    • Mark Wheelis, “Biotechnology and Biochemical Weapons,” Nonproliferation Review 9. (Spring 2002), pp. 48-53
    • (2002) Nonproliferation Review , vol.9 , pp. 48-53
    • Wheelis, M.1
  • 81
    • 8844232706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional Genomics to New Drug Targets
    • Richard Kramer and Dalia Cohen, “Functional Genomics to New Drug Targets,” Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 3 (Nov 2004), pp. 965-972.
    • (2004) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery , vol.3 , pp. 965-972
    • Kramer, R.1    Cohen, D.2
  • 83
  • 89
    • 0017062554 scopus 로고
    • N-4-Substituted 1-(2-arylethyl)-4-piperidinyl-N-phenylpropanamides, a novel series of extremely potent analgesics with unusually high safety margin
    • W.F. Van Bever, C.J. Niemegeers, K.H. Schellekens, and P.A. Janssen, “N-4-Substituted 1-(2-arylethyl)-4-piperidinyl-N-phenylpropanamides, a novel series of extremely potent analgesics with unusually high safety margin,” Arzneimittel-forshung 26 (1976), pp. 1548-1551.
    • (1976) Arzneimittel-Forshung , vol.26 , pp. 1548-1551
    • Van Bever, W.F.1    Niemegeers, C.J.2    Schellekens, K.H.3    Janssen, P.A.4
  • 90
    • 0038440767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human immobilization: Is the experience in Moscow just the beginning
    • Thomas Stanley, “Human immobilization: Is the experience in Moscow just the beginning?” European Journal of Anaesthesiology 20 (June 2003), pp. 427-428.
    • (2003) European Journal of Anaesthesiology , vol.20 , pp. 427-428
    • Stanley, T.1
  • 91
    • 85023675294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose Safety Margin Enhancement for Chemical Incapacitation and Less-Than-Lethal Targeting
    • Livermore, CA: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
    • Brian D. Anderson and Patrick M. Grant, “Dose Safety Margin Enhancement for Chemical Incapacitation and Less-Than-Lethal Targeting,” NIJ (National Institute of Justice) Final Report (Livermore, CA: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Jan 1997)
    • (1997) NIJ (National Institute of Justice) Final Report
    • Anderson, B.D.1    Grant, P.M.2
  • 92
    • 33745476184 scopus 로고
    • Less-than-Lethal Weapons: New Solutions for Law Enforcement
    • publication of the International Association of Chiefs of Police
    • Lois Pilant, “Less-than-Lethal Weapons: New Solutions for Law Enforcement,” Science and Technology, publication of the International Association of Chiefs of Police (Dec 1993), p. 3
    • (1993) Science and Technology , pp. 3
    • Pilant, L.1
  • 93
    • 0017115101 scopus 로고
    • Sufentanil, a very potent and extremely safe intravenous morphine-like compound in mice, rats and dogs
    • C.J. Niemegeers, K.H. Schellekens, W.F. Van Bever, and P.A. Janssen, “Sufentanil, a very potent and extremely safe intravenous morphine-like compound in mice, rats and dogs,” Arzneimittel-forschung 26 (1976), pp. 1551-1556.
    • (1976) Arzneimittel-Forschung , vol.26 , pp. 1551-1556
    • Niemegeers, C.J.1    Schellekens, K.H.2    Van Bever, W.F.3    Janssen, P.A.4
  • 95
    • 0033263752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dosage trials with transmucosal carfentanil citrate in non-human primates
    • Jan 24
    • Karen S. Kearns, Brent Swenson, and Edward C. Ramsay, “Dosage trials with transmucosal carfentanil citrate in non-human primates,” Zoo Biology 18 (Jan 24, 2000), pp. 397-402.
    • (2000) Zoo Biology , vol.18 , pp. 397-402
    • Kearns, K.S.1    Swenson, B.2    Ramsay, E.C.3
  • 98
    • 85023733147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ERDEC, “Opioids”
    • Opioids
  • 101
    • 33750963205 scopus 로고
    • Pentagon, Justice Dept Set Plans for Sharing Non-Lethal Technology
    • March 23
    • John Lancaster, “Pentagon, Justice Dept Set Plans for Sharing Non-Lethal Technology,” Washington Post, March 23, 1994, p. A3.
    • (1994) Washington Post , pp. A3
    • Lancaster, J.1
  • 102
    • 85023699131 scopus 로고
    • National Institute of Justice
    • Washington, DC: Dept of Justice
    • U.S. Dept. of Justice, National Institute of Justice, NIJ Research Plan 1995-1996 (Washington, DC: Dept of Justice, 1995), p. 20
    • (1995) NIJ Research Plan 1995-1996 , pp. 20
  • 108
    • 66149132406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientific and technological change and the future of the CWC: The problem of non-lethal weapons
    • Malcolm Dando, “Scientific and technological change and the future of the CWC: The problem of non-lethal weapons,” Disarmament Forum 4 (2002), p. 38, www.unidir.org/pdf/articles/pdf-art1824.pdf
    • (2002) Disarmament Forum , vol.4 , pp. 38
    • Dando, M.1
  • 109
    • 0027202213 scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning and expression of a muopioid receptor from rat brain
    • Y. Chen, A. Mestek, J. Liu, J.A. Hurley and L. Yu, “Molecular cloning and expression of a muopioid receptor from rat brain,” Molecular Pharmacology. 44 (July 1993), pp. 8-12
    • (1993) Molecular Pharmacology , vol.44 , pp. 8-12
    • Chen, Y.1    Mestek, A.2    Liu, J.3    Hurley, J.A.4    Yu, L.5
  • 111
    • 0031555309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative autoradiographic mapping of mu, delta and kappa-opioid receptors in knockout mice lacking the mu-opioid receptor gene
    • Dec 5
    • I. Kitchen, S.J. Slowe, H.W.D. Matthes, and B. Kieffer, “Quantitative autoradiographic mapping of mu, delta and kappa-opioid receptors in knockout mice lacking the mu-opioid receptor gene,” Brain Research 778 (Dec 5, 1997), pp. 73-88
    • (1997) Brain Research , vol.778 , pp. 73-88
    • Kitchen, I.1    Slowe, S.J.2    Matthes, H.W.D.3    Kieffer, B.4
  • 113
    • 0344237326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • “Comparison of morphine-6-glucuronid and morphine on respiratory depressant and antinociceptive responses in wild type and mu-opioid receptor deficient mice
    • R. Romberg, E. Sarton, L. Teppema, H.W. Matthes, B.L. Kieffer, and A. Dahan, “Comparison of morphine-6-glucuronid and morphine on respiratory depressant and antinociceptive responses in wild type and mu-opioid receptor deficient mice,” British Journal of Anaesthesia 91 (Dec 2003), pp. 862-870.
    • (2003) British Journal of Anaesthesia , vol.91 , pp. 862-870
    • Romberg, R.1    Sarton, E.2    Teppema, L.3    Matthes, H.W.4    Kieffer, B.L.5    Dahan, A.6
  • 127
    • 85023716671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neil Davison and Nick Lewer, Bradford Report No 5, p. 39, www.bradford.ac.uk/acad/nlw/research_reports/docs/BNLWRPResearchReportNo5_May04.pdf
    • Bradford Report No 5 , pp. 39
    • Davison, N.1    Lewer, N.2
  • 129
    • 0037477467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 5-HT4(A)Receptors Avert Opioid-Induced Breathing Depression Without Loss of Analgesia
    • July 11
    • Till Manzke, Ulf Guenther, Evgeni G. Ponimaskin, Miriam Haller, Mathias Dutschmann, Stephan Schwarzacher, and Diethelm W. Richter, “5-HT4(a)Receptors Avert Opioid-Induced Breathing Depression Without Loss of Analgesia,” Science 301 (July 11, 2003), pp.226-229.
    • (2003) Science , vol.301 , pp. 226-229
    • Manzke, T.1    Guenther, U.2    Ponimaskin, E.G.3    Haller, M.4    Dutschmann, M.5    Schwarzacher, S.6    Richter, D.W.7
  • 130
    • 4444286702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opioid-induced Respiratory Depression: Are 5-HT4a Receptor Agonists the Cure
    • Helge Eilers and Mark A. Schumacher, “Opioid-induced Respiratory Depression: Are 5-HT4a Receptor Agonists the Cure?” Molecular Interventions 4 (Aug 2004), pp. 197-199.
    • (2004) Molecular Interventions , vol.4 , pp. 197-199
    • Eilers, H.1    Schumacher, M.A.2
  • 131
    • 33745911964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug development in anaesthesia: Industrial perspective
    • Gavin J. Kilpatrick and Gary S. Tilbrook, “Drug development in anaesthesia: industrial perspective,” Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 19 (Aug 2006), pp. 385-389.
    • (2006) Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology , vol.19 , pp. 385-389
    • Kilpatrick, G.J.1    Tilbrook, G.S.2
  • 132
    • 85023730187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relevant Scientific and Technological Developments for the First CWC Review Conference
    • Bradford, UK: Dept. of Peace Studies, University of Bradford
    • Graham Pearson, Relevant Scientific and Technological Developments for the First CWC Review Conference: The BTWC Review Conference Experience, CWC Review Conference Paper No 1 (Bradford, UK: Dept. of Peace Studies, University of Bradford, Aug 2002), p. 5.
    • (2002) The BTWC Review Conference Experience, CWC Review Conference Paper No 1 , pp. 5
    • Pearson, G.1
  • 133
    • 33748121030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The meaning of Moscow: ‘Non-lethal weapons and international law in the early 21st century
    • David P. Fidler, “The meaning of Moscow: ‘Non-lethal’ weapons and international law in the early 21st century.” International Review of the Red Cross 87 (Sept 2005), pp. 525-552.
    • (2005) International Review of the Red Cross , vol.87 , pp. 525-552
    • Fidler, D.P.1
  • 134
    • 70349946302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tangled Up in Khaki and Blue: Lethal and Non-Lethal Weapons in Recent Confrontations
    • Spring
    • David A. Koplow, “Tangled Up in Khaki and Blue: Lethal and Non-Lethal Weapons in Recent Confrontations,” Georgetown Journal of International Law. 36 (Spring 2005), p. 737.
    • (2005) Georgetown Journal of International Law. , vol.36 , pp. 737
    • Koplow, D.A.1
  • 137
  • 138
  • 141
    • 0040917572 scopus 로고
    • The meaning of Moscow,” citing Articles 31.1 and 31.3(c) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties
    • May 23
    • David P. Fidler, “The meaning of Moscow,” citing Articles 31.1 and 31.3(c) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, May 23, 1969, UNTS Vol. 1155, p. 331.
    • (1969) UNTS , vol.1155 , pp. 331
    • Fidler, D.P.1
  • 142
    • 0013364526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proposed Guidelines on the Status of Riot Control Agents and Other Toxic Chemicals Under the Chemical Weapons Convention
    • Harvard Sussex Program on CBW Armament and Arms Limitation
    • Abram Chayes and Matthew Meselson, “Proposed Guidelines on the Status of Riot Control Agents and Other Toxic Chemicals Under the Chemical Weapons Convention,” Chemical Weapons Conventions Bulletin 35 (Harvard Sussex Program on CBW Armament and Arms Limitation, March 1997), pp. 13-17.
    • (1997) Chemical Weapons Conventions Bulletin , vol.35 , pp. 13-17
    • Chayes, A.1    Meselson, M.2
  • 144
    • 85023723252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calmatives and ‘Incapacitants’ Questions for humanitarian law brought by new means and methods of warfare with new effect
    • The Hague, Netherlands, May 1
    • Robin M. Coupland “‘Calmatives’ and ‘Incapacitants’ Questions for humanitarian law brought by new means and methods of warfare with new effect,” paper presented to the Open Forum on the Chemical Weapons Convention-Challenges to the Chemical Weapons Ban, The Hague, Netherlands, May 1, 2003, p. 23
    • (2003) Paper Presented to the Open Forum on the Chemical Weapons Convention-Challenges to the Chemical Weapons Ban , pp. 23
    • Coupland, R.M.1
  • 145
    • 0035407094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-lethal weapons and international law: Three perspectives on the future
    • David P. Fidler, “‘Non-lethal’ weapons and international law: Three perspectives on the future,” Medicine, Conflict and Survival 17 (2001), pp. 199-201.
    • (2001) Medicine, Conflict and Survival , vol.17 , pp. 199-201
    • Fidler, D.P.1
  • 150
    • 85055301386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical and biological weapons developments and arms control
    • Armaments, Disarmament and International Security (Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • John Hart, Frida Kuhlau, and Jacqueline Simon, “Chemical and biological weapons developments and arms control,” in SIPRI Yearbook 2003: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), pp. 645-682
    • (2003) SIPRI Yearbook 2003 , pp. 645-682
    • Hart, J.1    Kuhlau, F.2    Simon, J.3
  • 152
    • 1842486604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biotechnology: Impact on Biological Warfare and Biodefense
    • James B. Petro, Theodore R. Plasse, and Jack A. McNulty, “Biotechnology: Impact on Biological Warfare and Biodefense,” Biosecurity and Bioterrorism 1 (Sept. 2000), pp. 161-168.
    • (2000) Biosecurity and Bioterrorism , vol.1 , pp. 161-168
    • Petro, J.B.1    Plasse, T.R.2    McNulty, J.A.3
  • 155
    • 85023708613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New Scientific and Technological Developments of Relevance to the Fifth Review Conference
    • Bradford, UK: University of Bradford, Dept of Peace Studies
    • Graham S. Pearson, New Scientific and Technological Developments of Relevance to the Fifth Review Conference, Bradford Review Conference Paper No 3 (Bradford, UK: University of Bradford, Dept of Peace Studies, 2001), p. 26, www.brad.ac.uk/acad/sbtwc/briefing/rcp3.pdf
    • (2001) Bradford Review Conference Paper No 3 , pp. 26
    • Pearson, G.S.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.