Current status of targets and assays for anti-HIV drug screening

Virologica Sinica

Volumn 22, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 476-485

  Tian, Ren Rong ^a   Liao, Qing Jiao ^a   Chen, Xu Lin ^a  

^a WUHAN INSTITUTE OF VIROLOGY   (China)

Author keywords

Anti HIV; Assays; Drug screening; Targets

Indexed keywords

ANTI HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AGENT; ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; CD4 ANTIGEN; GLYCOPROTEIN GP 120; GLYCOPROTEIN GP 41; INTEGRASE; INTEGRASE INHIBITOR; ISOMERASE; LIGASE; LIGASE INHIBITOR; PROTEASOME; PROTEIN P75; PROTEINASE; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; RNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE; RNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE INHIBITOR; VIRUS DNA; VIRUS ENVELOPE PROTEIN; VIRUS RNA;

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ANTIGEN BINDING; DIMERIZATION; DISEASE COURSE; DRUG DETERMINATION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG SCREENING; DRUG SYNTHESIS; DRUG TARGETING; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ENZYME ANALYSIS; ENZYME INHIBITION; FLUORESCENCE RESONANCE ENERGY TRANSFER; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; LIFE CYCLE; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; PROTEIN TARGETING; REVIEW; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT; VIRUS CELL INTERACTION; VIRUS INHIBITION; VIRUS PATHOGENESIS; VIRUS REPLICATION; VIRUS TRANSMISSION;

EID: 39449097044     PISSN: 10035125     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12250-007-0049-5     Document Type: Review

References (79)

1. Amit I, Yakir L, Katz M, et al. 2004. Tal, a Tsg101-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase, regulates receptor endocytosis and retrovirus budding. Genes Dev, 18 (14): 1737-1752.
2. Baba M, Nishimura O, Kanzaki N, et al. 1999. A small-molecule, nonpeptide CCR5 antagonist with highly potent and selective anti-HIV-1 activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 96 (10): 5698-5703.
3. Balzarini J. 2007. Carbohydrate-binding agents: A potential future cornerstone for the chemotherapy of enveloped viruses?. Antivir Chem Chemother, 18 (1): 1-11.
4. Barbouche R, Lortat-Jacob H, Jones I M, et al. 2005. Glycosaminoglycans and protein disulfide isomerase-mediated reduction of HIV Env. Mol Pharmacol, 67 (4): 1111-1118.
5. Barocchi M A, Masignani V. Rappuoli R. 2005. Opinion: Cell entry machines: A common theme in nature? Nat Rev Microbiol, 3 (4): 349-358.
6. Beck E J, Mandalia S, Gaudreault M, et al. 2004. The cost-effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy, Canada 1991-2001. AIDS, 18: 2411-2418.
7. Bushman F D. 2002. Integration site selection by lentiviruses: biology and possible control. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, 261: 165-177.
8. Camarasa M J, Velázquez S, San-Félix A, et al. 2006. Dimerization inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, protease and integrase: A single mode of inhibition for the three HIV enzymes?. Antiviral Res, 71 (2-3): 260-267.
9. Chapman R L, Stanley T B, Hazen R, et al. 2002. Small molecule modulators of HIV Rev/Rev response element interaction identified by random screening. Antiviral Res, 54 (3): 149-162.
10. Cheng T J, Brik A, Wong C H, et al. 2004. Model system for high-throughput screening of novel human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors in Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 48(7): 2437-2447.
11. Cherepanov P. 2007. LEDGF/p75 interacts with divergent lentiviral integrases and modulates their enzymatic activity in vitro. Nucleic Acids Res, 35(1): 113-124.
12. Clapham P R, McKnight A. 2002. Cell surface receptors, virus entry and tropism of primate lentiviruses. J Gen Virol, 83: 1809-1829.
13. Craigie R, Mizuuchi K, Bushman F D, et al. 1991. A rapid in vitro assay for HIV DNA integration. Nucleic Acids Research, 19: 2729-2734.
14. Daelemans B, De Clercq E, Vandamme A M. 2001. A quantitative GFP-based bioassay for the detection of HIV-1 Tat transactivation inhibitors. J Virol Methods, 96 (2): 183-188.
15. David C A, Middleton T, Montgomery B, et al. 2002. Microarray compound screening (microARCS) to identify inhibitors of HIV integrase. J Biomol Screen, 7 (3): 259-2566.
16. Ehrlich L S, Liu T, Scarlata S, et al. 2001. HIV-1 capsid protein forms spherical (immature-like) and tubular (mature-like) particles in vitro: Structure switching by pH-induced conformational changes. Biophys J, 81 (1): 586-594.
17. Fields B M, Peter M, Howley M D, et al. 2001. Fields-Virology (4th Edition), New York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 1635-1636.
18. Franke R, Hirsch T, Eichler J. 2006. A rationally designed synthetic mimic of the discontinuous CD4-binding site of HIV-1 gp120. J Recept Signal Transduct Res, 26 (5-6): 453-460.
19. Freed E O. 2002. Viral late domains. J Virol, 76: 4679-4687.
20. Gabbara S, Davis W R, Hupe L, et al. 1999. Inhibitors of DNA strand transfer reactions catalyzed by HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Biochemistry, 38 (40): 13070-13076.
21. Gallina A, Hanley T M, Mandel R, et al. 2002. Inhibitors of protein-disulfide isomerase prevent cleavage of disulfide bonds in receptor-bound glycoprotein 120 and prevent HIV-1 entry. J Biol Chem, 277 (52): 50579-50588.
22. George J, Teear M L, Norey C G, et al. 2003. Evaluation of an imaging plafform during the development of a FRET protease assay. J Biomol Screen, 8 (1): 72-80.
23. Goff S P, Tachedjan G, O' Hara B M. 2004. Two hybrid assay that detects HIV-1 reverse transcriptase dimerization. US20046-812025 A1.
24. Gottwein E, Kräusslich H G. 2004. Analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag ubiquitination. J Virol, 79 (14): 9134-9144.
25. Greene W C, Stopak K S, deNoronha C M C, et al. 2005. Methods for treating lentivirus infections. US20050053977 A1.
26. Groot F, Geijtenbeek T B, Sanders R W, et al. 2005. Lactoferrin prevents dendritic cell-mediated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission by blocking the DC-SIGN - gp120 interaction. J Virol, 79 (5): 3009-3015.
27. Gulick R M, Mellors J W, Havlir D, et al. 1997. Treatment with indinavir, zidovudine, and lamivudine in adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection and prior antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med, 337: 734-739.
28. Hammer S M, Squires K E, Hughes M D, et al. 1997. A controlled trial of two nucleoside analogues plus indinavir in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection and CD4 cell counts of 200 per cubic millimeter or less. AIDS Clinical Trials Group 320 Study Team. N Engl J Med, 337: 725-733.
29. Hansen M S, Smith G J, Kafri T, et al. 1999. Integration complexes derived from HIV vectors for rapid assays in vitro. Nat Biotechnol, 17 (6): 578-582.
30. Hirsch M S, Curran J. 1990. Human immunodeficiency viruses. In: Fields, editor. Virology, 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Publishers; p. 1953-1975.
31. Hussein G, Miyashiro H, Nakamura N, et al. 1999. Inhibitory effects of Sudanese plant extracts on HIV-1 replication and HIV-1 protease. Phytother Res, 13 (1): 31-36.
32. Hwang Y, Rhodes D, Bushman F. 2000. Rapid microtiter assays for poxvirus topoisomerase, mammalian type IB topoisomerase and HIV-1 integrase: Application to inhibitor isolation. Nucleic Acids Res, 28 (24): 4884-4892.
33. Jenkinson S, McCoy D C, Kerner S A, et al. 2003. Development of a novel high-throughput surrogate assay to measure HIV envelope/CCR5/CD4-mediated viral/cell fusion using BacMam baculovirus technology. J Biomol Screen, 8 (4): 463-470.
34. Jones A E, Saksela K, Game S M, et al. 1998. Screening Assay for the Detection of the Protein-Protein Interaction Between HIV-1 Nef Protein and the SH3 Domain of Hck. J Biomol Screen, 3 (1): 37-39.
35. Karvinen J, Hurskainen P, Gopalakrishnan S, et al. 2002. Homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence quenching assay (LANCE) for caspase-3. J Biomol Screen. 7 (3): 223-231.
36. Klinger P P, Schubert U. 2005. The ubiquitin-proteasome system in HIV replication: Potential targets for antiretroviral therapy. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther, 3 (1): 61-79.
37. Lanman J, Sexton J, Sakalian M, et al. 2002. Kinetic analysis of the role of intersubunit interactions in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capsid protein assembly in vitro. J Virol, 76: 6900-6908.
38. 3H) SPA, a new enzyme assay system. Antiviral Res, 17 (Supp. 1): 48- 54.
39. Lindsten K, Uhlíková T, Konvalinka J, et al. 2001. Cell-based fluorescence assay for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease activity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 45 (9): 2616-2622.
40. Liu S, Jiang S. 2004. High throughput screening and characterization of HIV-1 entry inhibitors targeting gp41: Theories and techniques. Curr Pharm Des, 10 (15): 1827-1843.
41. Llano M, Delgado S, Vanegas M, et al. 2004. Lens epithelium-derived growth factor/p75 prevents proteasomal degradation of HIV-1 integrase. J Biol Chem, 279 (53): 55570-75557.
42. Llano M, Saenz D T, Meehan A, et al. 2006. An essential role for LEDGF/p75 in HIV integration. Science, 20; 314 (5798): 461-464.
43. Lu M, Blacklow S C, Kim P S. 1995. A trimeric structural domain of the HIV-1 transmembrane glycoprotein. Nat Struct Biol, 2 (12): 1075-1082.
44. Maertens G, Cherepanov P, Pluymers W, et al. 2003. LEDGF/p75 is essential for nuclear and chromosomal targeting of HIV-1 integrase in human cells. J Biol Chem, 278 (35): 33528-33539.
45. Markovic I, Stantchev T S, Fields K H, et al. 2004 Thiol/ disulfide exchange is a prerequisite for CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 envelope-mediated T-cell fusion during viral entry. Blood, 103 (5): 1586-1594.
46. Masso M. 2003. DC-SIGN points the way to a novel mechanism for HIV-1 transmission. MedGenMed, 5 (2): 2.
47. Matsumoto C, Hamasaki K, Mihara H, et al. 2000. A high-throughput screening utilizing intramolecular fluorescence resonance energy transfer for the discovery of the molecules that bind HIV-1 TAR RNA specifically. Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 10 (16): 1857-1861.
48. Mei H Y, Mack D P, Galan A A, et al. 1997. Discovery of selective, small-molecule inhibitors of RNA complexes-I. The Tat protein/ TAR RNA complexes required for HIV-1 transcription. Bioorg Med Chem, 5 (6): 1173-1184.
49. Miller M D, Farnet C M, Bushman F D. 1997. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 preintegration complexes: Studies of organization and composition. J Virol, 71 (7): 5382-5390.
50. Montagnier L. 2002. Historical essay. A history of HIV discovery. Science, 298 (5599): 1727-1728.
51. Moore J P, Jameson B A, Weiss R A, et al. 1993. The HIV-cell fusion reaction. Viral fusion mechanisms (Bentz J. ed.), Boca Raton, Florida: CRC; p. 233-290.
52. Moore R D. 2000. Cost effectiveness of combination HIV therapy: 3 years later. Pharmacoeconomics, 17: 325-330.
53. Nguyen D H, Hildreth J E. 2000. Evidence for budding of human immunode-ficiency virus type 1 selectively from glycolipid-enriched membrane lipid rafts. J Virol, 74: 3264-3272.
54. Nobile C, Moris A, Porrot F,et al. 2003. Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Env-mediated fusion by DC-SIGN. J Virol, 77 (9): 5313-5323.
55. Ono A, Freed E O. 2001. Plasma membrane rafts play a critical role in HIV-1 assembly and release. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 98: 13925-13930.
56. Palella F J Jr, Delaney K M, Moorman A C, et al. 1998. Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. HIV Outpatient Study Investigators. N Engl J Med, 338 (13): 853-860.
57. Parniak M A, Min K L, Budihas S R, et al. 2003. A fluorescence-based high-throughput screening assay for inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus-1 reverse transcriptase-associated ribonuclease H activity. Anal Biochem, 322: 33-39.
58. Piccinini M, Mostert M, Rinaudo M T. 2003. Proteasomes as drug targets. Curr Drug Targets. 4 (8): 657-671.
59. Piccinini M, Rinaudo M T, Chiapello N, et al. 2002. The human 26S proteasome is a target of antiretroviral agents. AIDS, 16 (5): 693-700.
60. Pommier Y, Johnson A A, Marchand C. 2005. Integrase inhibitors to treat HIV/AIDS. Nat Rev Drug Discov, 4 (3): 236-248.
61. Rychetsky P, Hostomska Z, Hostomsky Z, et al. 1996. Development of a Nonradioactive Ribonuclease H Assay. Analytical Biochemistry. 239: 113-115.
62. Schade S Z, Jolley M E, Sarauer B J, et al. 1996. BODIPY-alpha-casein, a pH-independent protein substrate for protease assays using fluorescence polarization. Anal Biochem. 243 (1): 1-7.
63. Schroeder A, Shinn P, Chen H, et al. 2002. HIV-1 integration in the human genome favors active genes and hotspots. Cell, 110: 521.
64. Sluis-Cremer, N, Parniak M, Pelletier A, et al. 2004. Assay for identifying inhibitors of HIV RT dimerization. US 2004-6811970A1.
65. Stebbins J, Debouck C. 1997. A microtiter colorimetric assay for the HIV-1 protease. Anal Biochem, 248 (2): 246-250.
66. Stephen A G, Worthy K M, Towler E, et al. 2002. Identification of HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein: Nucleic acid antagonists with cellular anti-HIV activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 296 (5): 1228-1237.
67. Stricher F, Martin L, Barthe P, et al. 2005. A high-throughput fluorescence polarization assay specific to the CD4 binding site of HIV-1 glycoproteins based on a fluorescein-labelled CD4 mimic. Biochem J, 390 (Pt 1): 29-39.
68. Tang R Y, Su Y. 1997. Construction of a cell-based high-flux assay for the rev protein of HIV-1. J Virol Methods, 65 (2): 153-158.
69. Tummino P J, Scholten J D, Harvey P J, et al. 1996. The in vitro ejection of zinc from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 nucleocapsid protein by disulfide benzamides with cellular anti-HIV activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 93 (3): 969-973.
70. Van Maele B, Debyser Z. 2005. HIV-1 integration: An interplay between HIV-1 integrase, cellular and viral proteins. AIDS Rev, 7: 26-43.
71. Vandekerckhove L, Christ F, Van Maele B, et al. 2006. Transient and stable knockdown of the integrase cofactor LEDGF/p75 reveals its role in the replication cycle of human immunodeficiency virus. J Virol, 80 (4): 1886-1889.
72. Vermeire K, Schols D. 2005. Anti-HIV agents targeting the interaction of gp120 with the cellular CD4 receptor. Expert Opin Investig Drugs, 14 (10): 1199-1212.
73. Weiss R A. 1993. Cellular receptors and viral glycoproteins involved inretrovirus entry. The retroviridae (Levy J A. ed), New York: Plenum Press; 2:1-108.
74. Westby M, Nakayama G R, Butler S L, et al. 2005. Cell-based and biochemical screening approaches for the discovery of novel HIV-1 inhibitors. Antiviral Res, 67 (3): 121-140.
75. Wilk T, Gross I, Gowen B E, et al. 2001. Organization of immature human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol, 75: 759-771.
76. Xu Y, Hixon M S, Dawson P E, et al. 2005. Development of a FRET Assay for Monitoring of HIV gp41 Core Disruption. J Org Chem, 72 (18): 6700-6707.
77. Xuei X, David C A, Middleton T R, et al. 2003. Use of SAM2 biotin capture membrane in microarrayed compound screening (muARCS) format for nucleic acid polymerization assays. J Biomol Screen, 8 (3): 273-282.
78. Zhang G H, Wang Q, Chen J J, et al. 2005. The anti-HIV-1 effect of scutellarin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 334 (3): 812-816.
79. Zhao Q, He Y, Alespeiti G. Debnath A K. 2004. A novel assay to identify entry inhibitors that block binding of HIV-1 gp120 to CCR5. Virology, 326 (2): 299-309.