Dissecting qualified health claims: Evidence from experimental studies

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

Volumn 48, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 160-176

  Hooker, Neal H ^a   Teratanavat, Ratapol ^a  

^a OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Consumer attitude; Functional foods; Marketing and regulation; Qualified health claims; Significant scientific agreement (SSA)

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; CLASSIFICATION; COMPREHENSION; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION; FOOD PACKAGING; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HEALTH EDUCATION; HEALTH FOOD; HUMAN; LAW; NUTRITIONAL VALUE; STANDARD; UNITED STATES;

ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; COMPREHENSION; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; FOOD LABELING; HEALTH EDUCATION; HEALTH FOOD; HEALTH KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, PRACTICE; HUMANS; LEGISLATION, FOOD; NUTRITION POLICY; NUTRITIVE VALUE; UNITED STATES; UNITED STATES FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION;

EID: 39349099770     PISSN: 10408398     EISSN: 15497852     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10408390601177704     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Andrews, J., Craig, Scot. Burton, and Richard G. Netemeyer. (2000). Are some comparative nutrition claims misleading? The role of nutrition knowledge, ad claim type and disclosure conditions. Journal of Advertising, 29(3):29-42.
2. Andrews, J. Craig, Richard G. Netemeyer, and Scot Burton. (1998). Consumer generalization of nutrient content claims in advertising. Journal of Marketing, 62 (October):62-75.
3. Balasubramanian, Siva K. and Catherine Cole. (2002). Consumers' search, and use of nutrition information: the challenge and promise of the nutrition, labeling and education act. Journal of Marketing, 66 (July):112-127.
4. Brouns, Fred. (2002). Soya isoflavones: A new and promising ingredient for the health foods sector. Food Research International, 35:187-193.
5. Brucks, Merrie, Andrew A. Mitchell, and Richard Staelin. (1984). The effect of nutritional information disclosure in advertising: an information processing approach. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 3:1-27.
6. Cacioppo, John T., William von Hippel, and John M. Ernst. ( 1997). Mapping cognitive structures and processes through verbal, content: The Thought-listing technique. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psycliology, 65(6):928-940.
7. Cacioppo, John T. and Richard E. Petty. (1981). Social psychological procedures for cognitive response assessment: The thought listing technique. In Cognitive Assessment ed. Thomas V. Merluzzi, Carol R. Glass, and Myles Genest, Wahshington Square, NY: University Press.
8. Consumer Federation of America. (2003). Letter to Commission of Food and Drugs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. http://www.consumerfed. org/122702nutrition_study.html.
9. Consumer for Science in the Public Interest. (2003). FDA Sued over Health Claims on Food Labels-Consumer Groups Say Unproven. Health. Claims will Mislead Consumers, http://www.cspinet.org/200309251.htm1.
10. Derby, Brenda M. and Alan S. Levy. (2005). Effects of Strength of Science Disclaimers on the Communication Impacts of Health Claims. Working paper No. 1, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, FDA http://www.fda.gov/ OHRMS/dockets/dockets/03N0496/03N-0496-rpt0001.pdf. September.
11. Dietary Supplement Health Education Act. 1994. Public Law 103-417.
12. Emord, Jonathan W. (2000). Pearson v. Shalala: The beginning of the end for FDA speech suppression. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 19(1): 139143.
13. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. 1938. Public law 75-717.
14. Feick, Lawrence F., Robert O. Herrmann, and Rex H. Warland. (1986). Search for Nutrition information: A probit analysis of the use of different information sources. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 20(2):173-192.
15. Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act. 1997. Public Law 105-115.
16. Food and Drug Administration. (1998). Food Labeling: Health Claims; Soluble Fiber From Certain Foods and Coronary Heart Disease. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~lrd/fr980218.html.
17. Food and Drug Administration. (2002). Guidance for Industry: Qualified Health Claim in the Labeling of Conventional Foods and Dietary Supplements. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. http://www. cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/ hclmgui2.html.
18. Food and Drug Administration. (2003a). Consumer Health Information for Better Nutrition Initiative. Task Force Final Report, Office of Nutritional Products, Labeling, and Dietary Supplements. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/nuttftoc.html.
19. Food and Drug Administration. (2003b). FDA to Encourage Science-based Labeling and Competition for Healthier Dietary Choice, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/NEWS/2003/ NEW00923.html.
20. Food and Drug Administration. (2003c), Consumer Health Information for Better Nutrition Initiative. Task Force Final Report: Attachment A - Possible Regulatory Frameworks for Qualified Health Claims. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/nuttf-a.html.
21. Food and Drug Administration. (2003d). Consumer Health Information for Better Nutrition Initiative. Task Force Final Report: Attachment B - Interim Evidence-Based Raking System for Scientific Data Guidance. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/ nuttf-b.html.
22. Food and Drug Administration. (2003e). Consumer Health Information for Better Nutrition Initiative. Task Force Final Report: Attachment D - Consumer Studies Research Agenda. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/nuttf-d.html.
23. Food and Drug Administration. (2003f). Consumer Health Information for Better Nutrition Initiative. Task Force Final Report: Attachment E - Interim Procedures for Qualified Health Claims in the Labeling of Conventional Human Food and Human. Dietary Supplements. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dm.s/nuttf-e.html.
24. Ford, Gary T., Manoj Hastak, Anusree Mitra, and Debra Jones Ringold. (1996.) Can consumer interpret nutrition information in the presence of health claim? a laboratory investigation. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 15(1): 6-27.
25. Foxman, Ellen R., Darrel D. Muehling, and Patrick A. Moore. (1988). Disclaimer footnotes in ads: Discrepancies between purpose and performance. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 7:127-137.
26. France, Karen R. and Paula F. Bone. (2005). Policy-makers' paradigms and evidence from consumer interpretations of dietary supplement, labels. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 39(1):27-51.
27. Garretson, Judith A. and Scot Burton. (2000). Effects of nutrition facts panel values, nutrition claims, and health claims on consumer attitudes, perceptions of disease-related risks and trust. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 19(2):213-227.
28. Hatcher, Larry and Edward J. Stepanski. (1994). A Step-by-Step Approach to Using the SAS System for Univariate and Multivariate Statistics. Cary, NC: SAS Institute.
29. Institute of Food Technologists. (2005). Functional Foods: Opportunities ad Challenges. Expert Report. Chicago, IL.
30. International Food Information Council Foundation. (2005). Qualified Health Claims Consumer Research Project: Executive Summary. Available online: www.ific.org. March.
31. Ippolito, Pauline M. and Alan D. Mathios. (1990). Information, advertising, and health choices: A study of the cereal market. RAND Journal of Economics, 21(3):459-480.
32. Ippolito, Pauline M. and Alan D. Mathios. (1991). Health claims in food marketing: Evidence on knowledge and behavior in the cereal market. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 10(1):15-32.
33. Ippolito, Pauline M. and Alan D. Mathios. (1993). New food labeling regulations and the flow of nutrition information to customers. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 12(2): 188-205.
34. Ippolito, Pauline M. and Janis K. Pappalardo. (2002). Advertising Nutrition & Health: Evidence from Food Advertising 1977-1997. Bureau of Economics Staff Report, Federal Trade Commission, September.
35. Jensen, H. H. and T. Kesavan. (1993). Sources of information, consumer attitudes on nutrition, and consumption of dairy products. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 27(2):357-376.
36. Katan, Martijn B. and Nicole M De Roos. (2004). Promises and problems of functional foods. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 44(5) :369377.
37. Keenan, Joseph M. (2000). Soluble fiber and heart health.. Philippine Journal of Nutrition, 47(1-2).
38. Keller, Scott B., Mike Landry, Jeanne Olson, Anne M. Velliquette, Scot Burton, and J. Craig Andrews. (1997). The effects of nutrition package claims, nutrition facts panels, and motivation to process nutrition information on consumer product evaluation. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 16(2):256-269.
39. Kozup, John C., Elizabeth H. Creyer, and Scot Burton. (2003). Making healthful food choices: The influence of health claims and nutrition information on consumers' evaluations of packaged food products and restaurant menu items. Journal of Marketing, 67 (April): 19-34.
40. Levy, Alan S., Sara B. Fein, and Raymond E. Schucker. (1996). Performance characteristics of seven nutrition label formats. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 15(1):1-15.
41. Mason, Marlys J. and Debra L. Scammon. (2000). Health claims and disclaimers: extended boundaries and research opportunities in consumer interpretation. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 19(1): 144-150.
42. McCue, Patrick. and Kalidas Shetty. (2004). Heath, benefits of soy isoflavonoids and strategies for enhancement: A review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 44(5):361-367.
43. Mitra, Anu, Manoj Hastak, Gary T. Ford, and Debra Jones Ringold. (1999). Can the educationally disadvantaged interpret the fda-mandated nutrition facts panel in the presence of an implied health claim? Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 18(1):106-117.
44. Moorman, Christine. (1996). A Quasi experiment to assess the consumer and informational determinants of nutrition information processing activities: The case of the nutrition labeling and education act. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 15(1):28-44.
45. Murphy, R. Dennis, Theodore H. Hoppock and Michelle K. Rush. (1998). Generic Copy Test of Food Health Claims in Advertising. Joint. Staff Report of the Bureaus of Economics and Consumer Protection, Federal Trade Commission. Washington D.C., November.
46. Murphy, R. Dennis (2005). Consumer Perceptions of Qualified Health Claims in Advertising. Working Paper No. 277, Bureau of Economics, Federal Trade Commission. Washington D.C.
47. Nutrition. Labeling and Education Act. 1990. Public law 101-535
48. Pearson v. Shalala. (1999), 164 F.3d 650 (D.C Cir. 1999) reversing, 14 R Supp. 2d 10 (D.D.C 1998)
49. Petty, Richard E. and John T. Cacioppo. (1986). Communication and Persuasion: Central and Peripheral Routes to Attitude Change. New York, NY: Springer/Verlag.
50. Roe, Brian, Alan S. Levy, and Brenda M. Derby. (1999). The impact of health claims on consumer search and product evaluation outcomes: Results from FDA experimental data. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 18(1):89105.
51. Ross, Sharon. (2000). Functional foods: The food and drug administration perspective. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 71(suppl): 1795S-*S
52. Sirtori, Cesare R. and Maria R. Lovati. (2001). Soy proteins and cardiovascular disease. Current Atherosclerosis Report, 3(1):47-53.
53. Sujan, Mita. ( 1985). Consumer knowledge: Effects on evaluation strategies mediation consumer judgments. Journal of Consumer Research, 12(June):31-46.
54. Viswanathan, Madhubalan and Manoj Hastak. 2002. The role of summary information in facilitating consumers' comprehension of nutrition information. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 21(2):305-318.
55. Vladeck, David C. (1999). Devaluing truth: Unverified health claims in the aftermath of pearson v. shalala. Food and Drug Law Journal, 54(4):535553.
56. Vladeck, David C. (2000). Truth and consequences: The perils of half-truths and unsubstantiated health claims for dietary supplements. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 19(1):132-138.
57. Wansink, Brian. (2003). How do front and back package labels influence beliefs about health claims? The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 37(2):305316.
58. Wansink, Brian, Steven T. Sonka, and Clare M. Hasler. (2004). FrontLabel health claims: When less is more. Food Policy, 29:659667.
59. Weinfurt, Kevin P. (1994). Multivariate Analysis of Variance, In Reading and Understanding Multivariate Statistics, edited by Laurence G. Grimm and Paul R. Yarnold. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
60. Wright, Len Tiu. (1997). Exploring the need for extended research: an investigation of consumer attitudes to product labeling. Journal of Product and Brand Management, 6(6):417-427.