Three polyphenol oxidases from red clover (Trifolium pratense) differ in enzymatic activities and activation properties

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

Volumn 56, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 272-280

  Schmitz, George E ^a   Sullivan, Michael L ^a   Hatfield, Ronald D ^a  

^a U S DAIRY FORAGE RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Enzymatic activities; Polyphenol oxidase; Red clover; Trifolium pratense

Indexed keywords

CATECHOL OXIDASE;

ALFALFA; ARTICLE; CLOVER; COMPARATIVE STUDY; ENZYME ACTIVATION; ENZYME SPECIFICITY; ENZYMOLOGY; GENE EXPRESSION; GENETICS; METABOLISM; PH; PLANT LEAF; TRANSGENIC PLANT;

CATECHOL OXIDASE; ENZYME ACTIVATION; GENE EXPRESSION; HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION; MEDICAGO SATIVA; PLANT LEAVES; PLANTS, GENETICALLY MODIFIED; SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITY; TRIFOLIUM;

MEDICAGO SATIVA; TRIFOLIUM PRATENSE;

EID: 38549085627     PISSN: 00218561     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jf072488u     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Felton, G. W. Indigestion is a plant's best defense. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2005, 102 (52), 18771-18772.
2. Constabel, C. P.; Bergey, D. R.; Ryan, C. A. Systemin activates synthesis of wound-inducible tomato leaf polyphenol oxidase via the octdecanoid defense signaling pathway. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1995, 92, 407-411.
3. Li, L.; Steffens, J. C. Overexpression of polyphenol oxidase in transgenic tomato plants results in enhanced bacterial disease resistance. Planta 2002, 215 (2), 239-247.
4. Thipyapong, P.; Hunt, M. D.; Steffens, J. C. Antisense downregulation of polyphenol oxidase results in enhanced disease susceptibility. Planta 2004, 220 (1), 105-117.
5. Sommer, A.; Ne'eman, E.; Steffens, J. C.; Mayer, A. M.; Harel, E. Import, targeting, and processing of a plant polyphenol oxidase. Plant Physiol. 1994, 105 (4), 1301-1311.
6. Sherman, T. D.; Gardeur, T. L.; Lax, A. R., Implications of the phylogenetic distribution of polyphenol oxidase in plants. In Enzymatic Browning and Its Prevention; Lee, C. Y., Whitaker, J. R., Eds.; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1995; pp 103-119.
7. Nakayama, T.; Sato, T.; Fukui, Y.; Yonekura-Sakakibara, K.; Hayashi, H.; Tanaka, Y.; Kusumi, T.; Nishino, T. Specificity analysis and mechanism of aurone synthesis catalyzed by aureusidin synthase, a polyphenol oxidase homolog responsible for flower coloration. FEBS Lett. 2001, 499 (1-2), 107-111.
8. Steiner, U.; Schliemann, W.; Böhm, H.; Strack, D. Tyrosinase involved in betalain biosynthesis of higher plants. Planta 1999, 208 (1), 114-124.
9. Cho, M. H.; Moinuddin, S. G. A.; Helms, G. L.; Hishiyama, S.; Eichinger, D.; Davin, L. B.; Lewis, N. G. (+)-Larreatricin hydroxylase, an enantio-specific polyphenol oxidase from the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2003, 100 (19), 10641-10646.
10. Lopez-Serrano, D.; Solano, F.; Sanchez-Amat, A. Identification of an operon involved in tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis in Marinomonas mediterranea. Gene 2004, 342 (1), 179-187.
11. Golbeck, J. H.; Cammarata, K. V. Spinach thylakoid polyphenol oxidase: isolation, activation, and properties of the native chloroplast enzyme. Plant Physiol. 1981, 67 (5), 977-984.
12. Sheptovitsky, Y. G.; Brudvig, G. W. Isolation and characterization of spinach photosystem II membrane-associated catalase and polyphenol oxidase. Biochemistry 1996, 35 (50), 16255-16263.
13. Kenten, R. H. Latent phenolase in extracts of broad-bean (Vicia faba L.) leaves. I. Activation by acid and alkali. Biochem. J. 1957, 67 (2), 300-307.
14. Gandia-Herrero, F.; Jimenez-Atienzar, M.; Cabanes, J.; Garcia-Carmona, F.; Escribano, J. Evidence for a common regulation in the activation of a polyphenol oxidase by trypsin and sodium dodecyl sulfate. Biol. Chem. 2005, 386 (6), 601-607.
15. Tolbert, N. E. Activation of polyphenol oxidase of chloroplasts. Plant Physiol. 1973, 51, 234-244.
16. Sullivan, M. L.; Hatfield, R. D.; Thoma, S. L.; Samac, D. A. Cloning and characterization of red clover polyphenol oxidase cDNAs and expression of active protein in Escherichia coli and transgenic alfalfa. Plant Physiol. 2004, 136, 3234-3244.
17. Moore, B. M.; Flurkey, W. H. Sodium dodecyl sulfate activation of a plant polyphenoloxidase. Effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate on enzymatic and physical characteristics of purified broad bean polyphenoloxidase. J. Biol. Chem. 1990, 265 (9), 4982-4988.
18. Laveda, F.; Nunez-Delicado, E.; Garcia-Carmona, F.; Sanchez-Ferrer, A. Reversible sodium dodecyl sulfate activation of latent peach polyphenol oxidase by cyclodextrins. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 2000, 379 (1), 1-6.
19. Sanchez-Ferrer, A.; Bru, R.; Garcia-Carmona, F. Novel procedure for extraction of a latent grape polyphenoloxidase using temperature-induced phase separation in Triton X-114. Plant Physiol. 1989, 91 (4), 1481-1487.
20. Robinson, S. P.; Dry, I. B. Broad bean leaf polyphenol oxidase is a 60-kilodalton protein susceptible to proteolytic cleavage. Plant Physiol. 1992, 99 (1), 317-323.
21. Rathjen, A. H.; Robinson, S. P. Aberrant processing of polyphenol oxidase in a variegated grapevine mutant. Plant Physiol. 1992, 99 (4), 1619-1625.
22. Mayer, A. M.; Harel, E. Polyphenol oxidase in plants. Phytochemistry 1979, 18, 193-215.
23. Gerdemann, C.; Eicken, C.; Galla, H.-J.; Krebs, B. Comparative modeling of the latent form of a plant catechol oxidase using a molluskan hemocyanin structure. J. Inorg. Biochem. 2002, 89, 155-158.
24. Gandia-Herrero, F.; Jimenez-Atienzar, M.; Cabanes, J.; Garcia-Carmona, F.; Escribano, J. Differential activation of a latent polyphenol oxidase mediated by sodium dodecyl sulfate. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2005, 53, 6825-6830.
25. Papadopoulos, Y. A.; McKersie, B. D. A comparison of protein degradation during wilting and ensiling of six forage species. Can. J. Plant Sci. 1983, 63, 903-912.
26. Muck, R. E. Dry matter level effects on alfalfa silage quality. I. Nitrogen transformation. Trans. ASAE 1987, 30, 7-14.
27. Jones, B. A.; Hatfield, R. D.; Muck, R. E. Characterization of proteolysis in alfalfa and red clover. Crop Sci. 1995, 35 (2), 537-541.
28. Sullivan, M. L.; Hatfield, R. D. Polyphenol oxidase and o- diphenols inhibit postharvest proteolysis in red clover and alfalfa. Crop Sci. 2006, 46, 662-670.
29. Jones, B. A.; Hatfield, R. D.; Muck, R. E. Screening legume forages for soluble phenols, polyphenol oxidase and extract browning. J. Sci. Food Agric. 1995, 67, 109-112.
30. Jones, B. A.; Muck, R. E.; Hatfield, R. D. Red clover extracts inhibit legume proteolysis. J. Sci. Food Agric. 1995, 67, 329-333.
31. Kanade, S. R.; Paul, B.; Rao, A. G.; Gowda, L. R. The conformational state of polyphenol oxidase from field bean (Dolichos lablab) upon SDS and acid-pH activation. Biochem. J. 2006, 395 (3), 551-562.
32. Yoshihara, T.; Yousikawa, H.; Sakamura, S.; Sakuma, T. Clovamides; L-dopa conjugated with trans- and cis-caffeic acids in red clover (Trifolium pratense). Agric. Biol. Chem. 1974, 38, 1107.
33. Parr, A. J.; Bolwell, P. G. Phenols in the plant and in man. The potential for possible nutritional enhancement of the diet by modifying the phenols concentration or profile. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2000, 80, 985-1012.
34. Valero, E.; Garcia-Carmona, F. pH-induced kinetic co-operativity of a thylakoid-bound polyphenol oxidase. Biochem. J. 1992, 286 (Part 2), 623-626.
35. Selles-Marchart, S.; Casado-Vela, J.; Bru-Martinez, R. Isolation of a latent polyphenol oxidase from loquat fruit (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.): kinetic characterization and comparison with the active form. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 2006, 446 (2), 175-185.
36. Nkya, E.; Kouno, C.; Li, Y. J.; Yang, C. P.; Hayashi, N.; Fujita, S. Purification and characterization of polyphenol oxidase from garland chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum coronarium L.). J. Agric. Food Chem. 2003, 51, 5467-5471.
37. Eicken, C.; Krebs, B.; Sacchettini, J. C. Catechol oxidase - structure and activity. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 1999, 9 (6), 677-683.
38. Rapeanu, G.; Van Loey, A.; Smout, C.; Hendrickx, M. Thermal and high-pressure inactivation kinetics of polyphenol oxidase in Victoria grape must. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2005, 53, 2988-2994.
39. Bingham, E. T. Registration of alfalfa hybrid Regen-SY germplasm for tissue culture and transformation research. Crop Sci. 1991, 31, 1098.
40. Verdaguer, B.; de Kochko, A.; Beachy, R. N.; Fauquet, C. Isolation and expression in transgenic tobacco and rice plants, of the cassava vein mosaic virus (CVMV) promoter. Plant Mol. Biol. 1996, 31, 1129-1139.
41. Smith, R. R.; Maxwell, D. P. Registration of WI-1 and WI-2 red clover. Crop Sci. 1980, 20, 831.
42. Esterbauer, H.; Schwarzl, E.; Hayn, M. A rapid assay for catechol oxidase and laccase using 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid. Anal. Biochem. 1977, 77, 486-494.
43. McIlvaine, T. C. A buffer solution for colorimetric comparison. J. Biol. Chem. 1921, 49, 183-186.
44. Cornish-Bowden, A. Fundamentals of Enzyme Kinetics, rev. ed.; Portland Press: London, U.K., 1995; p xiii, 343 pp.
45. Harlow, E.; Lane, D. Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual; Cold Springs Harbor Laboratory: Cold Springs Harbor, NY, 1988; p 508.