Clearing the Mind: A Working Memory Model of Distraction From Negative Mood

Emotion

Volumn 7, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 715-723

  Van Dillen, Lotte F ^a   Koole, Sander L ^a  

^a VU UNIVERSITY AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

affective intensity; distraction; mood regulation; working memory

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AFFECT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ARTICLE; COGNITION; DISTRACTIBILITY; EMOTION; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; INFORMATION PROCESSING; MALE; MATHEMATICS; MEMORY; MODEL; MOOD; PREDICTION; TASK PERFORMANCE; VISUAL STIMULATION; WORKING MEMORY;

ADULT; AFFECT; ATTENTION; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MATHEMATICS; MEMORY, SHORT-TERM; SELF EFFICACY;

EID: 38149138765     PISSN: 15283542     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/1528-3542.7.4.715     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Ashcraft M.H., Donley R.D., Halas M.A., and Vakali M. Working memory, automaticity, and problem difficulty. In: Campbell J.I.D. (Ed). The nature and origins of mathematical skills (1992), Elsevier Science, Amsterdam 301-329
2. Ashcraft M.H., and Kirk E.P. The relationships among working memory, math anxiety, and performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology-General 130 (2001) 224-237
3. Baddeley A. Working memory (1986), Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom
4. Baddeley A. The central executive: A concept and some misconceptions. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 4 (1998) 523-526
5. Baddeley A., Chincotta D., and Adlam A. Working memory and the control of action: Evidence from task switching. Journal of Experimental Psychology-General 130 (2001) 641-657
6. Baddeley A.D., and Hitch G.J. Working memory. In: Bower G.H. (Ed). The psychology of learning and motivation (1974), Academic Press, New York 47-89
7. Baumann N., and Kuhl J. Positive affect and flexibility: Overcoming the precedence of global over local processing of visual information. Motivation and Emotion 29 (2005) 123-134
8. Bishop S., Duncan J., and Lawrence A.D. Prefrontal cortical function and anxiety: Controlling attention to threat-related stimuli. Nature Neuroscience 7 (2004) 184-188
9. Blaney P.H. Affect and memory: A review. Psychological Bulletin 99 (1986) 229-246
10. Bower G.H., and Mayer J.D. In Search of Mood-Dependent Retrieval. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 4 (1989) 121-156
11. Bradley M.M., Cuthbert B.N., and Lang P.J. Picture media and emotion: Effects of a sustained affective context. Psychophysiology 33 (1996) 662-670
12. Byrne A., and Byrne D.G. The effect of exercise on depression, anxiety and other mood states: A review. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 37 (1993) 565-574
13. Cohen R., Lohr I., Paul R., and Boland R. Impairments of attention and effort among patients with major affective disorders. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 13 (2001) 385-395
14. Dolcos F., and McCarthy G. Brain systems mediating cognitive interference by emotional distraction. Journal of Neuroscience 26 (2006) 2072-2079
15. Dreisbach G., and Goschke T. How positive affect modulates cognitive control: Reduced perseveration at the cost of increased distractibility. Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory & Cognition 30 (2004) 343-353
16. Drevets W.C., and Raichle M.E. Reciprocal suppression of regional cerebral blood flow during emotional versus higher cognitive processes: Implications for interactions between emotion and cognition. Cognition & Emotion 12 (1998) 353-385
17. Engle R.W., Tuholski S.W., Laughlin J.E., and Conway A.R.A. Working memory, short-term memory, and general fluid intelligence: A latent-variable approach. Journal of Experimental Psychology-General 128 (1999) 309-331
18. Erber R., and Tesser A. Task effort and the regulation of mood - the absorption hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 28 (1992) 339-359
19. Fiedler K., Nickel S., Asbeck J., and Pagel U. Mood and the generation effect. Cognition & Emotion 17 (2003) 585-608
20. Fishbach A., and Shah J.Y. Self-control in action: Implicit dispositions toward goals and away from temptations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 90 (2006) 820-832
21. Gerin W., Davidson K.W., Christenfeld N.J.S., Goyal T., and Schwartz J.E. The role of angry rumination and distraction in blood pressure recovery from emotional arousal. Psychosomatic Medicine 68 (2006) 64-72
22. Glynn L.M., Christenfeld N., and Gerin W. The role of rumination in recovery from reactivity: Cardiovascular consequences of emotional states. Psychosomatic Medicine 64 (2002) 714-726
23. Gray J.R. Emotional modulation of cognitive control: Approach-withdrawal states double-dissociate spatial from verbal two-back task performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology-General 130 (2001) 436-452
24. Gross J.J. Antecedent- and response-focused emotion regulation: Divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74 (1998) 224-237
25. Hariri A.R., Bookheimer S.Y., and Mazziotta J.C. Modulating emotional responses: Effects of a neocortical network on the limbic system. Neuroreport 11 (2000) 43-48
26. Howell A., and Conway M. Mood and the suppression of positive and negative self-referent thoughts. Cognitive Therapy and Research 16 (1992) 535-555
27. Ikeda M., Iwanaga M., and Seiwa H. Test anxiety and working memory system. Perceptual and Motor Skills 82 (1996) 1223-1231
28. Isen A.M. Missing in action in the AIM: Positive affect's facilitation of cognitive flexibility, innovation, and problem solving. Psychological Inquiry 13 (2002) 57-65
29. James W. The gospel of relaxation. Scribner's Magazine 25 (1899) 499-507 Originally published: New York, H. Holt
30. Jones E.E., and Berglas S. Control of attributions about self through self-handicapping strategies: Appeal of alcohol and role of underachievement. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 4 (1978) 200-206
31. Joormann J., and Siemer M. Memory accessibility, mood regulation, and dysphoria: Difficulties in repairing sad mood with happy memories?. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 113 (2004) 179-188
32. Josephson B.R., Singer J.A., and Salovey P. Mood regulation and memory: Repairing sad moods with happy memories. Cognition & Emotion 10 (1996) 437-444
33. Jostmann N.B., and Koole S.L. On the waxing and waning of working memory: Action orientation moderates the impact of demanding relationship primes on working memory capacity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 32 (2006) 1-13
34. Klein K., and Boals A. The relationship of life event stress and working memory capacity. Applied Cognitive Psychology 15 (2001) 565-579
35. Koole S.L., Smeets K., van Knippenberg A., and Dijksterhuis A. The cessation of rumination through self-affirmation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 77 (1999) 111-125
36. Kuhl J. A theory of action and state orientations. In: Kuhl J., and Beckmann J. (Eds). Volition and personality: Action versus state orientation (1994), Hogrefe & Huber, Göttingen 9-46
37. Lang P.J., Bradley M.M., and Cuthbert B.N. International affective picture system (IAPS): Instruction manual and affective ratings (2001) Tech. Rep. No. A-5. The Center for Research in Psychophysiology, University of Florida
38. Martin L.L., and Tesser A. Some ruminative thoughts. In: Wyer R.S. (Ed). Advances in social cognition 9 (1996), Erlbaum, New Jersey 1-47
39. Matthews L.S., Conger R.D., and Wickrama K.A.S. Work-family conflict and marital quality: Mediating processes. Social Psychology Quarterly 59 (1996) 62-79
40. Mayberg H.S., Liotti M., Brannan S.K., McGinnis S., Mahurin R.K., Jerabek P.A., et al. Reciprocal limbic-cortical function and negative mood: Converging PET findings in depression and normal sadness. American Journal of Psychiatry 156 (1999) 675-682
41. Mitchell D.G.V., Richell R.A., Leonard A., and Blair R.J.R. Emotion at the expense of cognition: Psychopathic individuals outperform controls on an operant response task. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 115 (2006) 559-566
42. Morrow J., and Nolen-Hoeksema S. Effects of responses to depression on the remediation of depressive affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 58 (1990) 519-527
43. Nolen-Hoeksema S. The role of rumination in depressive disorders and mixed anxiety/depressive symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 109 (2000) 504-511
44. Nolen-Hoeksema S., Morrow J., and Fredrickson B.L. Response styles and the duration of episodes of depressed mood. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 102 (1993) 20-28
45. Norman D.A., and Shallice T. Attention to action: willed and automatic control of behavior. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 21 (1983) 354
46. Northoff G., Heinzel A., Bermpohl F., Niese R., Pfennig A., Pascual-Leone A., et al. Reciprocal modulation and attenuation in the prefrontal cortex: An fMRI study on emotional-cognitive interaction. Human Brain Mapping 21 (2004) 202-212
47. Pratto F., and John O.P. Automatic vigilance: the attention-grabbing power of negative social information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 61 (1991) 380-391
48. Robinson B.E. Workaholism and family functioning: A profile of familial relationships, psychological outcomes, and research considerations. Contemporary Family Therapy 23 (2001) 123-135
49. Roemer L., and Borkovec T.D. Effects of suppressing thoughts about emotional material. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 103 (1994) 467-474
50. Rusting C.L., and Nolen-Hoeksema S. Regulating responses to anger: Effects of rumination and distraction on angry mood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74 (1998) 790-803
51. Schimmack U. Attentional interference effects of emotional pictures: Threat, negativity, or arousal?. Emotion 5 (2005) 55-66
52. Siegle G.J., Steinhauer S.R., Thase M.E., Stenger V.A., and Carter C.S. Can't shake that feeling: Assessment of sustained event-related fMRI amygdala activity in response to emotional information in depressed individuals. Biological Psychiatry 51 (2002) 693-707
53. Siemer M. Mood-congruent cognitions constitute mood experience. Emotion 5 (2005) 296-308
54. Spector A., and Biederman I. Mental set and mental shift revisited. American Journal of Psychology 89 (1976) 669-679
55. Tice D.M. Esteem protection or enhancement - self-handicapping motives and attributions differ by trait self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 60 (1991) 711-725
56. Trask P.C., and Sigmon S.T. Ruminating and distracting: The effects of sequential tasks on depressed mood. Cognitive Therapy and Research 23 (1999) 231-246
57. Van Dillen, L. F., & Koole, S. L. (2006). [Distraction from positive moods]. Unpublished raw data.
58. Wegner D.M., Erber R., and Zanakos S. Ironic processes in the mental control of mood and mood-related thought. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 65 (1993) 1093-1104
59. Wenzlaff R.M., and Luxton D.D. The role of thought suppression in depressive rumination. Cognitive Therapy and Research 27 (2003) 293-308
60. Wenzlaff R.M., Wegner D.M., and Roper D.W. Depression and mental control: The resurgence of unwanted negative thoughts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 55 (1988) 882-892 experimental and