Emotion at the expense of cognition: Psychopathic individuals outperform controls on an operant response task

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

Volumn 115, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 559-566

  Mitchell, Derek G V ^a,b   Richell, Rebecca A ^a   Leonard, Alan ^c   Blair, R James R ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c National Probation Service   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Amygdala; Antisocial behavior; Attention; Emotion; Operant response task; Psychopathy

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COGNITION; CONTROLLED STUDY; EMOTION; EMOTIONAL DISORDER; HUMAN; INSTRUMENTAL CONDITIONING; MALE; PSYCHOPATHY; RETINA IMAGE; AFFECT; AMYGDALOID NUCLEUS; HOSPITALIZATION; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; QUESTIONNAIRE; REACTION TIME;

AFFECT; AMYGDALA; ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER; ATTENTION; COGNITION; CONDITIONING, OPERANT; HUMANS; MALE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; QUESTIONNAIRES; REACTION TIME; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX;

EID: 33748851217     PISSN: 0021843X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0021-843X.115.3.559     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Anderson, A. K., Christoff, K., Panitz, D., De Rosa, E., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2003). Neural correlates of the automatic processing of threat facial signals. Journal of Neuroscience, 23, 5627-5633.
2. Anderson, A. K., & Phelps, E. A. (2001). Lesions of the human amygdala impair enhanced perception of emotionally salient events. Nature, 411, 305-309.
3. Baxter, M. G., & Murray, E. A. (2002). The amygdala and reward. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 3, 563-573.
4. Begleiter, H. M., Gross, M., & Kissin, B. (1967). Evoked cortical responses to affective visual stimuli. Psychophysiology, 3, 336-344.
5. Blair, R. J. R. (1995). A cognitive developmental approach to morality: Investigating the psychopath. Cognition, 57, 1-29.
6. Blair, R. J. R. (2001). Neuro-cognitive models of aggression, the antisocial personality disorders and psychopathy. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 71, 727-731.
7. Blair, R. J. R. (2003). Neurobiological basis of psychopathy. British Journal of Psychiatry, 182, 5-7.
8. Blair, R. J. R. (2004). The roles of orbitofrontal cortex in the modulation of antisocial behavior. Brain and Cognition, 55, 198-208.
9. Blair, R. J. R., Mitchell, D. G. V., Richell, R. A., Kelly, S., Leonard, A., Newman, C., & Scott, S. K. (2002). Turning a deaf ear to fear: Impaired recognition of vocal affect in psychopathic individuals. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 682-686.
10. Blair, R. J. R., Morris, J. S., Frith, C. D., Perrett, D. I., & Dolan, R. (1999). Dissociable neural responses to facial expressions of sadness and anger. Brain, 122, 883-893.
11. Damasio, A. R. (1994). Descartes' error: Emotion, rationality and the human brain. New York: Putnam (Grosset Books).
12. Desimone, R., & Duncan, J. (1995). Neural mechanisms of selective visual attention. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 18, 193-222.
13. Dolan, R. J., & Vuilleumier, P. (2003). Amygdala automaticity in emotional processing. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 985, 348-355.
14. Duncan, J. (1998). Converging levels of analysis in the cognitive neuroscience of visual attention. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 353, 1307-1317.
15. Estes, W. K., & Skinner, B. F. (1941). Some quantitative properties of anxiety. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 29, 390-400.
16. Fowles, D. C. (1988). Psychophysiology and psychopathology: A motivational approach. Psychophysiology, 25, 373-391.
17. Frick, P. J. (1995). Callous- unemotional traits and conduct problems: A two-factor model of psychopathy in children. Issues in Criminological and Legal Psychology, 24, 47-51.
18. Garavan, H., Pendergrass, J. C., Ross, T. J., Stein, E. A., & Risinger, R. C. (2001). Amygdala response to both positively and negatively valenced stimuli. Neuroreport, 12, 2779-2783.
19. Graves, T., Landis, R., & Goodglass, H. (1981). Laterality and sex differences for visual recognition of emotional and non-emotional words. Neuropsychologia, 19, 95-102.
20. Gray, J. A. (1987). The psychology of fear and stress. Cambridge, England: University of Cambridge Press.
21. Hamann, S., & Mao, H. (2002). Positive and negative emotional verbal stimuli elicit activity in the left amygdala. Neuroreport, 13, 15-19.
22. Hare, R. D. (1991). The Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Multi-Health Systems.
23. Hiatt, K. D., Schmitt, W. A., & Newman, J. P. (2004). Stroop tasks reveal abnormal selective attention among psychopathic offenders. Neuropsychology, 18, 50-59.
24. Kiehl, K. A., Smith, A. A. M., Hare, R. D., Mendrek, A., Forster, B. B., Brink, J., & Liddle, P. F. (2001). Limbic abnormalities in affective processing by criminal psychopaths as revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Biological Psychiatry, 50, 677-684.
25. Kosson, D. S., Suchy, Y., Mayer, A. R., & Libby, J. (2002). Facial affect recognition in criminal psychopaths. Emotion, 2, 398-411.
26. Lang, P. J., & Greenwald, M. K. (1988). The international affective picture system standardization procedure and initial group results for affective judgements: Technical reports 1A & 1B. Gainesville: University of Florida, Center for Research in Psychophysiology.
27. LaPierre, D. C., Braun, M. J., & Hodgins, S. (1995). Ventral frontal deficits in psychopathy: Neuropsychological test findings. Neuropsychologia, 33, 139-151.
28. Levenston, G. K., Patrick, C. J., Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (2000). The psychopath as observer: Emotion and attention in picture processing. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 373-386.
29. Liberzon, I., Phan, K. L., Decker, L. R., & Taylor, S. F. (2003). Extended amygdala and emotional salience: A PET activation study of positive and negative affect. Neuropsychopharmacology, 28, 726-33.
30. Lorenz, A. R., & Newman, J. P. (2002). Deficient response modulation and emotion processing in low-anxious Caucasian psychopathic offenders: Results from a lexical decision task. Emotion, 2, 91-104.
31. Lykken, D. T. (1995). The antisocial personalities. Hillsdale, NJ, Erlbaum.
32. Mitchell, D. G. V., Colledge, E., Leonard, A., & Blair, R. J. R. (2002). Risky decisions and response reversal: Is there evidence of orbitofrontal cortex dysfunction in psychopathic individuals? Neuropsychologia, 40, 2013-2022.
33. Nakic, M., Smith, B., Busis, S., Vythilingam, M., & Blair, R. J. R. (in press). The impact of affect and frequency on lexical decision: The role of the amygdala and inferior frontal cortex. NeuroImage.
34. Newman, J. P. (1998). Psychopathic behaviour: An information processing perspective. In D. J. Cooke, A. E. Forth, & R. D. Hare, Psychopathy: Theory, research and implications for society (pp. 81-105). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.
35. Newman, J. P., & Kosson, D. S. (1986). Passive avoidance learning in psychopathic and nonpsychopathic offenders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 252-256.
36. Newman, J. P., & Schmitt, W. A. (1998). Passive avoidance in psychopathic offenders: A replication and extension. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107, 527-532.
37. Newman, J. P., Schmitt, W. A., & Voss, W. D. (1997). The impact of motivationally neutral cues on psychopathic individuals: Assessing the generality of the response modulation hypothesis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 563-575.
38. Ogloff, J. R. P., Wong, S., & Greenwood, A. (1990). Treating criminal psychopaths in a therapeutic community program. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 8, 181-190.
39. Patrick, C. J. (1994). Emotion and psychopathy: Startling new insights. Psychophysiology, 31, 319-330.
40. Patrick, C. J., Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (1993). Emotion in the criminal psychopath: Startle reflex modulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 82-92.
41. Patterson, C. M., & Newman, J. P. (1993). Reflectivity and learning from aversive events: Toward a psychological mechanism for the syndromes of disinhibition. Psychological Review, 100, 716-736.
42. Peschardt, K. S., Leonard, A., Morton, J., & Blair, R. J. R. (in press). Differential stimulus-reward and stimulus-punishment learning in individuals with psychopathy. Personality and Individual Differences.
43. Peschardt, K. S., Richell, R. A., Mitchell, D. G. V., Leonard, A., Morton, J., & Blair, R. J. R. (in press). Primed up for positive, but not negative, words: Affective priming in individuals with psychopathy. Biological Psychology.
44. Rice, M. E., Harris, G. T., & Cormier, C. A. (1992). An evaluation of a maximum secrity therapeutic community for psychpaths and other mentally disordered offenders. Law and Human Behavior, 16, 399-412.
45. Salgado, J. V., Vidal, M., Oberling, P., Graeff, F. G., Danion, J. M., & Sandner, G. (2000). Associative learning and latent in hibition in a conditioned suppression paradigm in humans. Behavioural Brain Research, 117, 53-60.
46. Schindler, C. W., Thorndike, E. B., Ma, J. D., & Goldberg, S. R. (1999). Conditioned suppression with cocaine as the unconditioned stimulus. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior, 65, 83-89.
47. Schmitt, W. A., & Newman, J. P. (1999). Are all psychopathic individuals low-anxious? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108, 353-358.
48. Siebert, M., Markowitsch, H. J., & Bartel, P. (2003). Amygdala, affect and cognition: Evidence from 10 patients with Urbach-Wiethe disease. Brain, 126, 2627-2637.
49. Simpson, J. R., Ongur, D., Akbudak, E., Conturo, T. E., Ollinger, J. M., Snyder, A. Z., Gusnard, D. A., & Raichle, M. E. (2000). The emotional modulation of cognitive processing: An fMRI study. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 12(Suppl. 2), 157-170.
50. Stevens, D., Charman, T., & Blair, R. J. R. (2001). Recognition of emotion in facial expressions and vocal tones in children with psychopathic tendencies. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 162, 201-211.
51. Strauss, E. (1983). Perception of emotional words. Neuropsychologia, 21, 99-103.
52. Veit, R., Flor, H., Erb, M., Hermann, C., Lotze, M., Grodd, W., & Birbaumer, N. (2002). Brain circuits involved in emotional learning in antisocial behavior and social phobia in humans. Neuroscience Letters, 328, 233-236.
53. Verona, E., Curtin, J. J., Patrick, C. J., Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (2004). Psychopathy and physiological response to emotionally evocative sounds. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113, 99-108.
54. Vuilleumier, P., Armony, J. L., Driver, J., & Dolan, R. J. (2001). Effects of attention and emotion on face processing in the human brain: An event-related fMRI study. Neuron, 30, 829-841.
55. Williamson, S., Harpur, T. J., & Hare, R. D. (1991). Abnormal processing of affective words by psychopaths. Psychophysiology, 28, 260-273.
56. Wong, S. (1988). Is Hare's Psychopathy Checklist reliable without the interview? Psychological Reports, 62, 931-934.