메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 20, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 8-16

Diagnosis, pathophysiology and management of children with refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura

Author keywords

Autoimmunity; Chemotherapy; Hemorrhage; Immunosuppression; Platelets

Indexed keywords

AKR 501; ALEMTUZUMAB; ALPHA INTERFERON; AMINOCAPROIC ACID; AZATHIOPRINE; CD20 ANTIBODY; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; CYCLOSPORIN A; DANAZOL; DAPSONE; DEXAMETHASONE; DOXORUBICIN; ELTROMBOPAG; ETANERCEPT; HEMOSTATIC AGENT; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; MYCOPHENOLIC ACID 2 MORPHOLINOETHYL ESTER; PREDNISONE; RECOMBINANT BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 7A; REMIPLISTIM; RHESUS D ANTIBODY; RITUXIMAB; STEROID; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VINCRISTINE;

EID: 38149134581     PISSN: 10408703     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MOP.0b013e3282f45bb9     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (26)

References (70)
  • 1
    • 8944225498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: A practice guideline developed by explicit methods for the American Society of Hematology
    • George JN, Woolf SH, Raskob GE, et al. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: a practice guideline developed by explicit methods for the American Society of Hematology. Blood 1996; 88:3-40.
    • (1996) Blood , vol.88 , pp. 3-40
    • George, J.N.1    Woolf, S.H.2    Raskob, G.E.3
  • 2
    • 0037187949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
    • Cines DB, Blanchette VS. Immune thrombocytopenic purpura. N Engl J Med 2002; 346:995-1008.
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.346 , pp. 995-1008
    • Cines, D.B.1    Blanchette, V.S.2
  • 4
    • 0033740044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical course of immune thrombocytopenic purpura in children who did not receive intravenous immunoglobulins or sustained prednisone treatment
    • Dickerhoff R, Von Ruecker A. The clinical course of immune thrombocytopenic purpura in children who did not receive intravenous immunoglobulins or sustained prednisone treatment. J Pediatr 2000; 137:629-632.
    • (2000) J Pediatr , vol.137 , pp. 629-632
    • Dickerhoff, R.1    Von Ruecker, A.2
  • 5
    • 0029096099 scopus 로고
    • Immunothrombocytopenic purpura as a model for pathogenesis and treatment of autoimmunity
    • Imbach P, Akatsuka J, Blanchette V, et al. Immunothrombocytopenic purpura as a model for pathogenesis and treatment of autoimmunity. Eur J Pediatr 1995; 154:S60-S64.
    • (1995) Eur J Pediatr , vol.154
    • Imbach, P.1    Akatsuka, J.2    Blanchette, V.3
  • 6
    • 0346100478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura during childhood: Definition, management, and prognosis
    • Buchanan GR, Journeycake JM, Adix L. Severe chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura during childhood: definition, management, and prognosis. Semin Thromb Hemost 2003; 29:595-603.
    • (2003) Semin Thromb Hemost , vol.29 , pp. 595-603
    • Buchanan, G.R.1    Journeycake, J.M.2    Adix, L.3
  • 7
    • 33746642069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of patients with refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura
    • George JN. Management of patients with refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura. J Thromb Haemost 2006; 4:1664-1672.
    • (2006) J Thromb Haemost , vol.4 , pp. 1664-1672
    • George, J.N.1
  • 8
    • 13244257208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of splenectomy in immune thrombocytopenic purpura: Long-term results of 402 cases
    • Vianelli N, Galli M, De Vivo A, et al. Efficacy and safety of splenectomy in immune thrombocytopenic purpura: long-term results of 402 cases. Haematologica 2005; 90:72-77.
    • (2005) Haematologica , vol.90 , pp. 72-77
    • Vianelli, N.1    Galli, M.2    De Vivo, A.3
  • 9
    • 0347991756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Childhood acute immune thrombocytopenic purpura: 20 years later
    • Blanchette VS, Carcao M. Childhood acute immune thrombocytopenic purpura: 20 years later. Semin Thromb Hemost 2003; 29:605-617.
    • (2003) Semin Thromb Hemost , vol.29 , pp. 605-617
    • Blanchette, V.S.1    Carcao, M.2
  • 10
    • 33645814192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopaenic purpura
    • This review describes and discusses the pathophysiology of ITP in great detail, and provides a wider range of references than is available here
    • Cooper N, Bussel J. The pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopaenic purpura. Br J Haematol 2006; 133:364-374. This review describes and discusses the pathophysiology of ITP in great detail, and provides a wider range of references than is available here.
    • (2006) Br J Haematol , vol.133 , pp. 364-374
    • Cooper, N.1    Bussel, J.2
  • 12
    • 0024466799 scopus 로고
    • Autoantibodies against platelet membrane glycoproteins in children with acute and chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura
    • Berchtold P, McMillan R, Tani P, et al. Autoantibodies against platelet membrane glycoproteins in children with acute and chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood 1989; 74:1600-1602.
    • (1989) Blood , vol.74 , pp. 1600-1602
    • Berchtold, P.1    McMillan, R.2    Tani, P.3
  • 13
    • 0024410169 scopus 로고
    • Autoantibodies in chronic ITP
    • Tani P, Berchtold P, McMillan R. Autoantibodies in chronic ITP. Blut 1989; 59:44-46.
    • (1989) Blut , vol.59 , pp. 44-46
    • Tani, P.1    Berchtold, P.2    McMillan, R.3
  • 14
    • 33746638332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Webster ML, Sayeh E, Crow M, et al. Relative efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin G in ameliorating thrombocytopenia induced by antiplatelet GPIIbIIIa versus GPIbalpha antibodies. Blood 2006; 108:943-946. This paper provided experimental evidence that specificity of antiplatelet antibodies will determine response to IVIG did not ameliorate ITP in mice with anti-GPIb/IX antibodies because antibodies to platelet glycoprotein IB/IX destroy platelets by Fc receptor-independent means.
    • Webster ML, Sayeh E, Crow M, et al. Relative efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin G in ameliorating thrombocytopenia induced by antiplatelet GPIIbIIIa versus GPIbalpha antibodies. Blood 2006; 108:943-946. This paper provided experimental evidence that specificity of antiplatelet antibodies will determine response to IVIG did not ameliorate ITP in mice with anti-GPIb/IX antibodies because antibodies to platelet glycoprotein IB/IX destroy platelets by Fc receptor-independent means.
  • 15
    • 33947537254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • •] in ITP patients. It is important because if we could better predict response to IVIG this would be very helpful.
    • •] in ITP patients. It is important because if we could better predict response to IVIG this would be very helpful.
  • 16
    • 27644570240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of various platelet-associated immunoglobulins by flow cytometry in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
    • Nishioka T, Yamane T, Takubo T, et al. Detection of various platelet-associated immunoglobulins by flow cytometry in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Cytometry B Clin Cytom 2005; 68:37-42.
    • (2005) Cytometry B Clin Cytom , vol.68 , pp. 37-42
    • Nishioka, T.1    Yamane, T.2    Takubo, T.3
  • 17
    • 0031664431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of complement in immune or idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
    • Hed J. Role of complement in immune or idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Acta Paediatr Suppl 1998; 424:37-40.
    • (1998) Acta Paediatr Suppl , vol.424 , pp. 37-40
    • Hed, J.1
  • 18
    • 0037410054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T cell and cytokine abnormalities in patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura
    • Semple JW. T cell and cytokine abnormalities in patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura. Transfus Apher Sci 2003; 28:237-242.
    • (2003) Transfus Apher Sci , vol.28 , pp. 237-242
    • Semple, J.W.1
  • 19
    • 0029964421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in serum cytokine levels in acute and chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura: Relationship to platelet phenotype and antiplatelet T-cell reactivity
    • Semple JW, Milev Y, Cosgrave D, et al. Differences in serum cytokine levels in acute and chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura: relationship to platelet phenotype and antiplatelet T-cell reactivity. Blood 1996; 87:4245-4254.
    • (1996) Blood , vol.87 , pp. 4245-4254
    • Semple, J.W.1    Milev, Y.2    Cosgrave, D.3
  • 20
    • 0036721344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • h2 cytokine genes in childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) at presentation and their modulation by intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIg) treatment: Their role in prognosis
    • h2 cytokine genes in childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) at presentation and their modulation by intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIg) treatment: their role in prognosis. Blood 2002; 100:1774-1779.
    • (2002) Blood , vol.100 , pp. 1774-1779
    • Mouzaki, A.1    Theodoropoulou, M.2    Gianakopoulos, I.3
  • 21
    • 38649109517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • h1-dominant cytokine profiles by high-dose dexamethasone in patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. J Clin Immunol 2007; Epub ahead of print.
    • h1-dominant cytokine profiles by high-dose dexamethasone in patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. J Clin Immunol 2007; Epub ahead of print.
  • 22
    • 34250329584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polarization and apoptosis of T cell subsets in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
    • Chang-Lin WU, Jian-Cheng XU, Fang LI, et al. Polarization and apoptosis of T cell subsets in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Int J Lab Hematol 2007; 29:177-184.
    • (2007) Int J Lab Hematol , vol.29 , pp. 177-184
    • Chang-Lin, W.U.1    Jian-Cheng, X.U.2    Fang, L.I.3
  • 23
    • 33846059033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + regulatory T cells in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
    • + regulatory T cells in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Eur J Haematol 2007; 78:139-143.
    • (2007) Eur J Haematol , vol.78 , pp. 139-143
    • Liu, B.1    Zhao, H.2    Poon, M.C.3
  • 24
    • 38149002152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insights into therapeutic mechanisms: Measuring immature platelet fraction (IPF) describes response to treatment in immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) [abstract]
    • Psaila B, Bussel JB. Insights into therapeutic mechanisms: measuring immature platelet fraction (IPF) describes response to treatment in immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) [abstract]. Blood 2006; 108:319a.
    • (2006) Blood , vol.108
    • Psaila, B.1    Bussel, J.B.2
  • 25
    • 0037228342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular immune mechanisms in autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura: An update
    • Coopamah MD, Garvey MB, Freedman J, Semple JW. Cellular immune mechanisms in autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura: an update. Transfus Med Rev 2003; 17:69-80.
    • (2003) Transfus Med Rev , vol.17 , pp. 69-80
    • Coopamah, M.D.1    Garvey, M.B.2    Freedman, J.3    Semple, J.W.4
  • 26
    • 0011075765 scopus 로고
    • Demonstration of a thrombocytopenic factor in the blood of patients with thrombocytopenic purpura
    • Harrington WJ, Minnich V, Hollingsworth JW, Moore CV. Demonstration of a thrombocytopenic factor in the blood of patients with thrombocytopenic purpura. J Lab Clin Med 1951; 38:1-10.
    • (1951) J Lab Clin Med , vol.38 , pp. 1-10
    • Harrington, W.J.1    Minnich, V.2    Hollingsworth, J.W.3    Moore, C.V.4
  • 27
    • 0013831385 scopus 로고
    • The role of the reticuloendothelial system in the pathogenesis of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
    • Shulman NR, Weinrach RS, Libre EP, Andrews HL. The role of the reticuloendothelial system in the pathogenesis of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Trans Assoc Am Physicians 1965; 78:374-390.
    • (1965) Trans Assoc Am Physicians , vol.78 , pp. 374-390
    • Shulman, N.R.1    Weinrach, R.S.2    Libre, E.P.3    Andrews, H.L.4
  • 28
    • 0016229715 scopus 로고
    • Platelet survival and platelet production in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
    • Branehog I, Kutti J, Weinfeld A. Platelet survival and platelet production in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Br J Haematol 1974; 27:127-143.
    • (1974) Br J Haematol , vol.27 , pp. 127-143
    • Branehog, I.1    Kutti, J.2    Weinfeld, A.3
  • 29
    • 0018021889 scopus 로고
    • Thrombocytopenia: Mechanisms and management of defects in platelet production
    • Slichter SJ, Harker LA. Thrombocytopenia: mechanisms and management of defects in platelet production. Clin Haematol 1978; 7:523-539.
    • (1978) Clin Haematol , vol.7 , pp. 523-539
    • Slichter, S.J.1    Harker, L.A.2
  • 30
    • 0021918452 scopus 로고
    • Platelet kinetics in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and moderate thrombocytopenia
    • Stoll D, Cines DB, Aster RH, Murphy S. Platelet kinetics in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and moderate thrombocytopenia. Blood 1985; 65:584-588.
    • (1985) Blood , vol.65 , pp. 584-588
    • Stoll, D.1    Cines, D.B.2    Aster, R.H.3    Murphy, S.4
  • 31
    • 0023218341 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of thrombocytopenia in chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura. Evidence of both impaired platelet production and increased platelet clearance
    • Ballem PJ, Segal GM, Stratton JR, et al. Mechanisms of thrombocytopenia in chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura. Evidence of both impaired platelet production and increased platelet clearance. J Clin Invest 1987; 80:33-40.
    • (1987) J Clin Invest , vol.80 , pp. 33-40
    • Ballem, P.J.1    Segal, G.M.2    Stratton, J.R.3
  • 32
    • 0024554747 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of response to treatment in autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura
    • Gernsheimer T, Stratton J, Ballem PJ, Slichter SJ. Mechanisms of response to treatment in autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura. N Engl J Med 1989; 320:974-980.
    • (1989) N Engl J Med , vol.320 , pp. 974-980
    • Gernsheimer, T.1    Stratton, J.2    Ballem, P.J.3    Slichter, S.J.4
  • 33
    • 0024517811 scopus 로고
    • Platelet survival and turnover: Important factors in predicting response to splenectomy in immune thrombocytopenic purpura
    • Siegel RS, Rae JL, Barth S, et al. Platelet survival and turnover: important factors in predicting response to splenectomy in immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Am J Hematol 1989; 30:206-212.
    • (1989) Am J Hematol , vol.30 , pp. 206-212
    • Siegel, R.S.1    Rae, J.L.2    Barth, S.3
  • 34
    • 0942287736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural study shows morphologic features of apoptosis and para-apoptosis in megakaryocytes from patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
    • Houwerzijl EJ, Blom NR, Van der Want JJ, et al. Ultrastructural study shows morphologic features of apoptosis and para-apoptosis in megakaryocytes from patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood 2004; 103:500-506.
    • (2004) Blood , vol.103 , pp. 500-506
    • Houwerzijl, E.J.1    Blom, N.R.2    Van der Want, J.J.3
  • 35
    • 0038472485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of megakaryocyte apoptosis in children with acute and chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
    • Ucar C, Oren H, Irken G, et al. Investigation of megakaryocyte apoptosis in children with acute and chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Eur J Haematol 2003; 70:347-352.
    • (2003) Eur J Haematol , vol.70 , pp. 347-352
    • Ucar, C.1    Oren, H.2    Irken, G.3
  • 36
    • 13944266670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of antiplatelet autoantibodies on megakaryocytopoiesis
    • McMillan R, Nugent D. The effect of antiplatelet autoantibodies on megakaryocytopoiesis. Int J Hematol 2005; 81:94-99.
    • (2005) Int J Hematol , vol.81 , pp. 94-99
    • McMillan, R.1    Nugent, D.2
  • 37
    • 0036319342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma thrombopoietin levels in patients with aplastic anemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
    • Gu J, Lu L, Xu R, Chen X. Plasma thrombopoietin levels in patients with aplastic anemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Chin Med J (Engl) 2002; 115:983-986.
    • (2002) Chin Med J (Engl) , vol.115 , pp. 983-986
    • Gu, J.1    Lu, L.2    Xu, R.3    Chen, X.4
  • 38
    • 0037100423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of pegylated recombinant human megakaryocyte growth and development factor in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
    • Nomura S, Dan K, Hotta T, et al. Effects of pegylated recombinant human megakaryocyte growth and development factor in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood 2002; 100:728-730.
    • (2002) Blood , vol.100 , pp. 728-730
    • Nomura, S.1    Dan, K.2    Hotta, T.3
  • 39
    • 0034781155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclic immune thrombocytopenia responsive to thrombopoietic growth factor therapy
    • Rice L, Nichol JL, McMillan R, et al. Cyclic immune thrombocytopenia responsive to thrombopoietic growth factor therapy. Am J Hematol 2001; 68:210-214.
    • (2001) Am J Hematol , vol.68 , pp. 210-214
    • Rice, L.1    Nichol, J.L.2    McMillan, R.3
  • 40
    • 29144449867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic relevance of large-platelet counts in patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura
    • Michel M, Kreidel F, Chapman ES, et al. Prognostic relevance of large-platelet counts in patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Haematologica 2005; 90:1715-1716.
    • (2005) Haematologica , vol.90 , pp. 1715-1716
    • Michel, M.1    Kreidel, F.2    Chapman, E.S.3
  • 41
    • 0023766715 scopus 로고
    • Maintenance treatment of adults with chronic refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura using repeated intravenous infusions of gammaglobulin
    • Bussel JB, Pham LC, Aledort L, Nachman R. Maintenance treatment of adults with chronic refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura using repeated intravenous infusions of gammaglobulin. Blood 1988; 72:121-127.
    • (1988) Blood , vol.72 , pp. 121-127
    • Bussel, J.B.1    Pham, L.C.2    Aledort, L.3    Nachman, R.4
  • 42
    • 0021284666 scopus 로고
    • Intravenous immunoglobulin for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in childhood
    • Imbach P, Barandun S, Hirt A, Wagner HP. Intravenous immunoglobulin for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in childhood. Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 1984; 6:171-174.
    • (1984) Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol , vol.6 , pp. 171-174
    • Imbach, P.1    Barandun, S.2    Hirt, A.3    Wagner, H.P.4
  • 43
    • 13444291163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura in children: Assessment of rituximab treatment
    • Wang J, Wiley JM, Luddy R, et al. Chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura in children: assessment of rituximab treatment. J Pediatr 2005; 146:217-221.
    • (2005) J Pediatr , vol.146 , pp. 217-221
    • Wang, J.1    Wiley, J.M.2    Luddy, R.3
  • 44
    • 33645515481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective phase 1/2 study of rituximab in childhood and adolescent chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura
    • Bennett CM, Rogers ZR, Kinnamon DD, et al. Prospective phase 1/2 study of rituximab in childhood and adolescent chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood 2006; 107:2639-2642.
    • (2006) Blood , vol.107 , pp. 2639-2642
    • Bennett, C.M.1    Rogers, Z.R.2    Kinnamon, D.D.3
  • 45
    • 27144509749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How I treat idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
    • Cines DB, Bussel JB. How I treat idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Blood 2005; 106:2244-2251.
    • (2005) Blood , vol.106 , pp. 2244-2251
    • Cines, D.B.1    Bussel, J.B.2
  • 47
    • 3343013931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Helicobacter pylori infection and immune thrombocytopenic purpura: An update
    • Franchini M, Veneri D. Helicobacter pylori infection and immune thrombocytopenic purpura: an update. Helicobacter 2004; 9:342-346.
    • (2004) Helicobacter , vol.9 , pp. 342-346
    • Franchini, M.1    Veneri, D.2
  • 48
    • 9144254487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mimicry by Helicobacter pylori CagA protein may be involved in the pathogenesis of H. pylori-associated chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
    • Takahashi T, Yujiri T, Shinohara K, et al. Molecular mimicry by Helicobacter pylori CagA protein may be involved in the pathogenesis of H. pylori-associated chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Br J Haematol 2004; 124:91-96.
    • (2004) Br J Haematol , vol.124 , pp. 91-96
    • Takahashi, T.1    Yujiri, T.2    Shinohara, K.3
  • 49
    • 0142093651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of Helicobacter pylori eradication on platelet recovery in children with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
    • Jaing TH, Yang CP, Hung IJ, et al. Efficacy of Helicobacter pylori eradication on platelet recovery in children with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Acta Paediatr 2003; 92:1153-1157.
    • (2003) Acta Paediatr , vol.92 , pp. 1153-1157
    • Jaing, T.H.1    Yang, C.P.2    Hung, I.J.3
  • 50
    • 0842328846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of in vitro megakaryocyte production by antiplatelet autoantibodies from adult patients with chronic ITP
    • McMillan R, Wang L, Tomer A, et al. Suppression of in vitro megakaryocyte production by antiplatelet autoantibodies from adult patients with chronic ITP. Blood 2004; 103:1364-1369.
    • (2004) Blood , vol.103 , pp. 1364-1369
    • McMillan, R.1    Wang, L.2    Tomer, A.3
  • 51
    • 0043245959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) plasma and purified ITP monoclonal autoantibodies inhibit megakaryocytopoiesis in vitro
    • Chang M, Nakagawa PA, Williams SA, et al. Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) plasma and purified ITP monoclonal autoantibodies inhibit megakaryocytopoiesis in vitro. Blood 2003; 102:887-895.
    • (2003) Blood , vol.102 , pp. 887-895
    • Chang, M.1    Nakagawa, P.A.2    Williams, S.A.3
  • 52
    • 3042637761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective screening of 205 patients with ITP, including diagnosis, serological markers, and the relationship between platelet counts, endogenous thrombopoietin, and circulating antithrombopoietin antibodies
    • Aledort LM, Hayward CP, Chen MG, et al. Prospective screening of 205 patients with ITP, including diagnosis, serological markers, and the relationship between platelet counts, endogenous thrombopoietin, and circulating antithrombopoietin antibodies. Am J Hematol 2004; 76:205-213.
    • (2004) Am J Hematol , vol.76 , pp. 205-213
    • Aledort, L.M.1    Hayward, C.P.2    Chen, M.G.3
  • 53
    • 0037111558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recombinant human thrombopoietin: Basic biology and evaluation of clinical studies
    • Kuter DJ, Begley CG. Recombinant human thrombopoietin: basic biology and evaluation of clinical studies. Blood 2002; 100:3457-3469.
    • (2002) Blood , vol.100 , pp. 3457-3469
    • Kuter, D.J.1    Begley, C.G.2
  • 54
    • 0035760892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thrombocytopenia caused by the development of antibodies to thrombopoietin
    • Li J, Yang C, Xia Y, et al. Thrombocytopenia caused by the development of antibodies to thrombopoietin. Blood 2001; 98:3241-3248.
    • (2001) Blood , vol.98 , pp. 3241-3248
    • Li, J.1    Yang, C.2    Xia, Y.3
  • 55
    • 33750035507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AMG 531, a thrombopoiesis-stimulating protein, for chronic ITP
    • Bussel JB, Kuter DJ, George JN, et al. AMG 531, a thrombopoiesis-stimulating protein, for chronic ITP. N Engl J Med 2006; 355:1672-1681.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.355 , pp. 1672-1681
    • Bussel, J.B.1    Kuter, D.J.2    George, J.N.3
  • 56
    • 36549001698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bussel JB, Cheng G, Saleh MN, et al. Eltrombopag for the treatment of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. N Engl J Med 2007; Epub ahead of print.
    • Bussel JB, Cheng G, Saleh MN, et al. Eltrombopag for the treatment of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. N Engl J Med 2007; Epub ahead of print.
  • 57
    • 0037220338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-dose cyclophosphamide with autologous lymphocyte-depleted peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) support for treatment of refractory chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenia
    • Huhn RD, Fogarty PF, Nakamura R, et al. High-dose cyclophosphamide with autologous lymphocyte-depleted peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) support for treatment of refractory chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenia. Blood 2003; 101:71-77.
    • (2003) Blood , vol.101 , pp. 71-77
    • Huhn, R.D.1    Fogarty, P.F.2    Nakamura, R.3
  • 58
    • 33748490487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experiences with recombinant activated factor VII in the treatment of severe refractory thrombocytopenia
    • Wrobel G, Dobaczewski G, Patkowski D, et al. Experiences with recombinant activated factor VII in the treatment of severe refractory thrombocytopenia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2006; 47:729-730.
    • (2006) Pediatr Blood Cancer , vol.47 , pp. 729-730
    • Wrobel, G.1    Dobaczewski, G.2    Patkowski, D.3
  • 59
    • 0033764370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Factor VII-platelet interplay: Effectiveness of recombinant Factor VIIa in the treatment of bleeding in severe thrombocytopathia
    • Monroe DM, Hoffman M, Allen GA, Roberts HR. The Factor VII-platelet interplay: effectiveness of recombinant Factor VIIa in the treatment of bleeding in severe thrombocytopathia. Semin Thromb Hemost 2000; 26:373-377.
    • (2000) Semin Thromb Hemost , vol.26 , pp. 373-377
    • Monroe, D.M.1    Hoffman, M.2    Allen, G.A.3    Roberts, H.R.4
  • 60
    • 33847642193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful control of severe postoperative bleeding with recombinant Factor VIIa in a case of refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
    • Aguilar C, Lucia JF. Successful control of severe postoperative bleeding with recombinant Factor VIIa in a case of refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Am J Hematol 2007; 82:246-247.
    • (2007) Am J Hematol , vol.82 , pp. 246-247
    • Aguilar, C.1    Lucia, J.F.2
  • 61
    • 0348049924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refractory idiopathic immune thrombocytopenic purpura in children: Current and future treatment options
    • Imbach P. Refractory idiopathic immune thrombocytopenic purpura in children: current and future treatment options. Paediatr Drugs 2003; 5:795-801.
    • (2003) Paediatr Drugs , vol.5 , pp. 795-801
    • Imbach, P.1
  • 62
    • 0344511757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment with short-term, high-dose cyclosporin A in children with refractory chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
    • Perrotta S, Amendola G, Locatelli F, et al. Treatment with short-term, high-dose cyclosporin A in children with refractory chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Br J Haematol 2003; 121:143-147.
    • (2003) Br J Haematol , vol.121 , pp. 143-147
    • Perrotta, S.1    Amendola, G.2    Locatelli, F.3
  • 63
    • 0032995841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose cyclosporin A therapy in children with refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura
    • Moskowitz IP, Gaynon PS, Shahidi NT, Cripe TP. Low-dose cyclosporin A therapy in children with refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 1999; 21:77-79.
    • (1999) J Pediatr Hematol Oncol , vol.21 , pp. 77-79
    • Moskowitz, I.P.1    Gaynon, P.S.2    Shahidi, N.T.3    Cripe, T.P.4
  • 64
    • 30444455311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil as single-agent therapy for refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura
    • Provan D, Moss AJ, Newland AC, Bussel JB. Efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil as single-agent therapy for refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Am J Hematol 2006; 81:19-25.
    • (2006) Am J Hematol , vol.81 , pp. 19-25
    • Provan, D.1    Moss, A.J.2    Newland, A.C.3    Bussel, J.B.4
  • 65
    • 0038810290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for the treatment of steroid-resistant idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
    • Hou M, Peng J, Shi Y, et al. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for the treatment of steroid-resistant idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Eur J Haematol 2003; 70:353-357.
    • (2003) Eur J Haematol , vol.70 , pp. 353-357
    • Hou, M.1    Peng, J.2    Shi, Y.3
  • 66
    • 0028358131 scopus 로고
    • Response of resistant idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura to pulsed high-dose dexamethasone therapy
    • Andersen JC. Response of resistant idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura to pulsed high-dose dexamethasone therapy. N Engl J Med 1994; 330:1560-1564.
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.330 , pp. 1560-1564
    • Andersen, J.C.1
  • 67
    • 0037322136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dapsone therapy for children with immune thrombocytopenic purpura
    • Meeker ND, Goldsby R, Terrill KR, et al. Dapsone therapy for children with immune thrombocytopenic purpura. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2003; 25:173-175.
    • (2003) J Pediatr Hematol Oncol , vol.25 , pp. 173-175
    • Meeker, N.D.1    Goldsby, R.2    Terrill, K.R.3
  • 68
    • 0038623928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complete recovery from refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura in three patients treated with etanercept
    • McMinn JR Jr, Cohen S, Moore J, et al. Complete recovery from refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura in three patients treated with etanercept. Am J Hematol 2003; 73:135-140.
    • (2003) Am J Hematol , vol.73 , pp. 135-140
    • McMinn Jr, J.R.1    Cohen, S.2    Moore, J.3
  • 69
    • 0036250637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recombinant human interferon alpha-2a therapy in children with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura
    • Hrstkova H, Bajer M, Michalek J. Recombinant human interferon alpha-2a therapy in children with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2002; 24:299-303.
    • (2002) J Pediatr Hematol Oncol , vol.24 , pp. 299-303
    • Hrstkova, H.1    Bajer, M.2    Michalek, J.3
  • 70
    • 0034760878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CAMPATH-1H in the treatment of autoimmune cytopenias
    • Marsh JC, Gordon-Smith EC. CAMPATH-1H in the treatment of autoimmune cytopenias. Cytotherapy 2001; 3:189-195.
    • (2001) Cytotherapy , vol.3 , pp. 189-195
    • Marsh, J.C.1    Gordon-Smith, E.C.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.