Peptide YY

Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity

Volumn 15, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 65-72

  Chandarana, Keval ^a   Batterham, Rachel ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Hedonic; Homeostatic; Obesity; Orbitofrontal cortex; Peptide YY

Indexed keywords

AMYLIN; ANOREXIGENIC AGENT; EXENDIN 4; GLUCAGON LIKE PEPTIDE 1 [7-36] AMIDE; NEUROPEPTIDE Y2 RECEPTOR; OBINEPITIDE; PEPTIDE YY; PEPTIDE YY [3-36]; PLACEBO; PRAMLINTIDE; RIMONABANT; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

CLINICAL TRIAL; DISEASE MODEL; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG RECEPTOR BINDING; ENERGY BALANCE; ENERGY CONSUMPTION; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; HUMAN; HYPOTHALAMUS; LIPID DIET; MOTIVATION; NAUSEA; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; ORBITAL CORTEX; RECEPTOR INTRINSIC ACTIVITY; REVIEW; REWARD; VOMITING; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

ANIMALS; ENERGY METABOLISM; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; HOMEOSTASIS; HUMANS; MICE; MICE, TRANSGENIC; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; OBESITY; PEPTIDE YY; REWARD;

EID: 38049110618     PISSN: 1752296X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MED.0b013e3282f3f4b1     Document Type: Review

References (74)

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35. van den Hoek AM, Heijboer AC, Voshol PJ, et al. Chronic PYY3-36 treatment promotes fat oxidation and ameliorates insulin resistance in C57BL6 mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007; 292:E238-E245. A recent study showed that PYY3-36 treatment shifts the balance of fuel use in favour of fatty acids and enhances insulin sensitivity in mice, in which it particularly promotes insulin-mediated glucose disposal.
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37. DeCarr LB, Buckholz TM, Milardo LF, et al. A long-acting selective neuropeptide Y2 receptor PEGylated peptide agonist reduces food intake in mice. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:1916-1919. This study demonstrated that modification of PYY by abbreviation of the peptide and addition of PEG results in a long-acting agent that outperforms PYY3-36 in reducing food intake in mice.
38. Lumb KJ, DeCarr LB, Milardo LF, et al. Novel selective neuropeptide Y2 receptor PEGylated peptide agonists reduce food intake and body weight in mice. J Med Chem 2007; 50:2264-2268. These authors demonstrate that PEGylation of a Y2 selective compound results in increased in-vitro potency and in-vivo efficacy compared with PYY3-36. The agent produced by this team elicited a dose-dependent reduction of food intake in lean mice and of food intake, body weight, and fat mass in DIO mice.
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40. White NE, Dhillo WS, Liu YL, et al. Co-administration of SR141716 with peptide YY(3-36) or oxyntomodulin has additive effects on food intake in mice. Diabetes Obes Metab 2007; 17 Oct [Epub ahead of print]. This paper outlines synergistic effects of PYY3-36 administration with SR141716, a cannabinoid-1 receptor agonist to inhibit food intake compared with administration of either compound alone.
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46. Batterham RL, ffytche DH, Rosenthal JM, et al. PYY modulation of cortical and hypothalamic brain areas predicts feeding behaviour in humans. Nature 2007; 450:106-109. This double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study in normal weight volunteers utilized fMRI to investigate the central sites of action of PYY3-36. Subjects were infused with PYY3-36 or saline whilst brain activity was monitored continuously for 100 min. PYY3-36 infusion resulted in a 25% reduction in food intake and activated brainstem and hypothalamic regions. The greatest modulatory effects, however, were observed within the orbitofrontal cortex, a region involved in reward processing. Furthermore the presence of PYY resulted in a switch in food intake regulation from homeostatic to hedonic brain region.
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57. Zwirska-Korczala K, Konturek SJ, Sodowski M, et al. Basal and postprandial plasma levels of PPY, ghrelin, cholecystokinin, gastrin and insulin in women with moderate and morbid obesity and metabolic syndrome. J Physiol Pharmacol 2007; 58 (Suppl 1):13-35. This study reported correlations between gut hormone levels and incidence of the metabolic syndrome in a female cohort.
58. Roth CL, Enriori PJ, Harz K, et al. Peptide YY is a regulator of energy homeostasis in obese children before and after weight loss. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90:6386-6391.
59. Siahanidou T, Mandyla H, Vounatsou M, et al. Circulating peptide YY concentrations are higher in preterm than full-term infants and correlate negatively with body weight and positively with serum ghrelin concentrations. Clin Chem 2005; 51:2131-2137.
60. Siahanidou T, Mandyla H, Militsi H, et al. Peptide YY (3-36) represents a high percentage of total PYY immunoreactivity in preterm and full-term infants and correlates independently with markers of adiposity and serum ghrelin concentrations. Pediatr Res 2007; 62:200-203. These authors report PYY3-36 levels correlate negatively with the BMI and positively with serum ghrelin concentrations, but not with caloric intake or weight gain.
61. Pfluger PT, Kampe J, Castaneda TR, et al. Effect of human body weight changes on circulating levels of peptide YY and peptide YY3-36. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:583-588.
62. Misra M, Miller KK, Tsai P, et al. Elevated peptide YY levels in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91:1027-1033.
63. Nakahara T, Kojima S, Tanaka M, et al. Incomplete restoration of the secretion of ghrelin and PYY compared to insulin after food ingestion following weight gain in anorexia nervosa. J Psychiatr Res 2007; 41:814-820. This paper highlights changes in gut hormones and metabolic parameters that occur with weight gain in anorexia nervosa patients.
64. Otto B, Cuntz U, Otto C, et al. Peptide YY release in anorectic patients after liquid meal. Appetite 2007; 48:301-304.
65. Stock S, Leichner P, Wong AC, et al. Ghrelin, peptide YY, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, and hunger responses to a mixed meal in anorexic, obese, and control female adolescents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90:2161-2168.
66. le Roux CW AS, Batterham RL, et al. Gut hormone profiles following bariatric surgery favor an anorectic state, facilitate weight loss, and improve metabolic parameters. Ann Surg 2006; 243:108-114.
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69. Boey D, Lin S, Karl T, et al. Peptide YY ablation in mice leads to the development of hyperinsulinaemia and obesity. Diabetologia 2006; 49:1360-1370.
70. Wortley KE, Garcia K, Okamoto H, et al. Peptide YY regulates bone turnover in rodents. Gastroenterology 2007; 15 Aug [Epub ahead of print]. Pyy null mice generated by this group develop obesity on a high-fat diet. They also exhibit osteopenia suggesting a role for PYY in bone regulation.
71. Whited KL, Tso P, Raybould HE. Involvement of apolipoprotein A-IV and cholecystokinin-1 receptors in exogenous peptide YY 3-36 induced stimulation of intestinal feedback. Endocrinology 2007; 148:4695-4703. Results from this study suggest a role for apolipoprotein A-IV and the CCK(1)R in PYY3-36-induced activation of the vagal afferent pathway and inhibition of gastric emptying, but this pathway is probably not the one that mediates the effects of PYY3-36 on food intake.
72. Gantz I, Erondu N, Mallick M, et al. Efficacy and safety of intranasal peptide YY3-36 for weight reduction in obese adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:1754-1757. This initial study evaluating the effects of nasally administered PYY3-36 on body weight failed to show any beneficial effects. No meaningful conclusions could be drawn about the 600 μg PYY3-36 dose, as only 44% of subjects completed the study due to nausea and vomiting.
73. Ghitza UE, Nair SG, Golden SA, et al. Peptide YY3-36 decreases reinstatement of high-fat food seeking during dieting in a rat relapse model. J Neurosci 2007; 27:11522-11532. This important study showed that systemic PYY3-36 administration reduced the motivation to seek high-fat food. These results suggest that administration of PYY3-36 may help in relapse prevention during dieting.
74. Neary NM, Small CJ, Druce MR, et al. Peptide YY3-36 and glucagon-like peptide-17-36 inhibit food intake additively. Endocrinology 2005; 146:5120-5127.