Psychosocial aspects of chronic disease: ESRD as a paradigmatic illness

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

Volumn 18, Issue 12, 2007, Pages 3042-3055

  Cukor, Daniel ^a   Cohen, Scott D ^b   Peterson, Rolf A ^b   Kimmen, Paul L ^b  

^a SUNY Downstate Medical Center   (United States)

^b GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; BARBITURIC ACID DERIVATIVE; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; BUSPIRONE; NORADRENALIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR; PAROXETINE; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR; VENLAFAXINE;

ANXIETY DISORDER; BIPOLAR MANIA; BLEEDING; CHRONIC DISEASE; CRITICALLY ILL PATIENT; DEPRESSION; DYNAMICS; HEMODIALYSIS; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; INTERVENTION STUDY; KIDNEY FAILURE; MALNUTRITION; MARRIAGE; MEDICAL STAFF; MENTAL DISEASE; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; NAUSEA; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PERCEPTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; SOCIAL STATUS; SOCIAL SUPPORT; SOCIOECONOMICS; STRESS; SUICIDE; TREATMENT WITHDRAWAL;

EID: 36849023296     PISSN: 10466673     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2007030345     Document Type: Review

References (215)

1. Levy NB: Psychonephrology 2: Psychological Problems in Kidney Failure and Their Treatment, New York, Plenum Medical Book Company, 1983
2. Kimmel PL: Depression in patients with chronic renal disease: What we know and what we need to know. Psychosom Res 53: 951-956, 2002
3. Cukor D, Peterson RA, Cohen SD, Kimmel PL: Depression in end-stage renal disease hemodialysis patients. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol 2: 678-687, 2006
4. Everson-Rose SA, Lewis TT: Psychosocial factors and cardiovascular disease. Annu Rev Public Health 26: 469-500, 2005
5. Vig RS, Forsythe P, Vliagoftis H: The role of stress in asthma: Insight from studies on the effect of acute and chronic stressors in models of airway inflammation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1088: 65-77, 2006
6. Backman CL: Arthritis and pain. Psychosocial aspects in the management of arthritis pain. Arthritis Res Ther 8: 221-233, 2006
7. McElhone K, Abbott J, Teh LS: A review of health related quality of life in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 15: 633-643, 2006
8. Dunn J, Lynch B, Rinaldis M, Pakenham K, McPherson L, Owen N, Leggett B, Newman B, Aitken J: Dimensions of quality of life and psychosocial variables most salient to colorectal cancer patients. Psychooncology 15: 20-30, 2006
9. Rosenberger PH, Jokl P, Ickovics J: Psychosocial factors and surgical outcomes: An evidence-based literature review. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 14: 397-405, 2006
10. Hagler AS, Norman GJ, Zabinski MF, Sallis JF, Calfas KJ, Patrick K: Psychosocial correlates of dietary intake among overweight and obese men. Am J Health Behav 31: 3-12, 2007
11. Yan LL, Liu K, Matthews KA, Daviglus ML, Ferguson TF, Kiefe CI: Psychosocial factors and risk of hypertension: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. JAMA 22: 2138-2148, 2003
12. Astin JA, Shapiro SL, Eisenberg DM, Forys KL: Mind-body medicine: state of the science, implications for practice. J Am Board Fam Pract 16: 131-147, 2003
13. Selye H: The stress of life, New York, McGraw-Hill, 1956
14. McEwen B: Protecting and damaging effects of mediators of stress: Elaborating and testing the concepts of allostasis and allostatic load. Ann N Y Acad Sci 896: 30-47, 1999
15. McEwen B: Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators. N Engl J Med 338: 171-179, 1998
16. Sterling P, Eyer J Allostasis: A new paradigm to explain arousal pathology. In: Handbook of Life Stress, Cognition and Health, 1st Ed., edited by Fisher S, Reason J, London, England, John Wiley, 1988, pp 629-649
17. McEwen BS, Stellar E: Stress and the individual. Mechanisms leading to disease. Arch Int Med 153: 2093-2101, 1993
18. McEwen BS: Sex, stress and the hippocampus: Allostasis, allostatic load and the aging process. Neurobiol Aging 23: 921-939, 2002
19. Rabkin R, Kitaji J: Renal metabolism of peptide hormones. Miner Electrolyte Metab 9: 212-226, 1983
20. Katz AI, Emmanouel DS: Metabolism of polypeptide hormones by the normal kidney and uremia. Nephron 22: 69-80, 1978
21. Stenvinkel P, Pecoits-Filho R, Lindholm B: Leptin, ghrelin, and proinflammatory cytokines: Compounds with nutritional impact in chronic kidney disease? Adv Ren Replace Ther 10: 332-345, 2003
22. Anderson NB, Armstead CA: Toward understanding the association of socioeconomic status and health: A new challenge for the biopsychosocial approach. Psychosom Med 57: 213-215, 1995
23. Engel GL: The need for a new medical model: A challenge for biomedicine. Science 196: 129-136, 1977
24. Kimmel PL: Psychosocial factors in dialysis patients. Kidney Int 59: 1599-1613, 2001
25. Kimmel PL, Thamer M, Richard C, Ray NF: Psychiatric illness in patients with end-stage renal disease. Am J Med 105: 214-221, 1998
26. Cukor D, Coplan J, Brown C, Friedman S, Cromwell-Smith A, Peterson RA, Kimmel PL: Depression and anxiety in urban hemodialysis patients, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2: 484-490, 2007
27. Hegde A, Veis JH, Seidman A, Khan S, Moore J Jr: High prevalence of alcoholism in dialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 35: 1039-1043, 2000
28. Kimmel PL, Peterson RA: Depression in end-stage renal disease patients treated with hemodialysis: Tools, correlates, outcomes, and needs. Sem Dialysis 8: 91-97, 2005
29. Smith MD, Hong BA, Robson AM: Diagnosis of depression in patients with end-stage renal disease. Comparative analysis. Am J Med 9: 160-166, 1985
30. Beck A, Steer R: Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory, San Antonio, TX, The Psychological Corporation, 1987
31. Craven JL, Rodin GM, Littlefield C: The Beck Depression Inventory as a screening device for major depression in renal dialysis patients. Int J Psych Med 18: 365-374, 1988
32. Watnick S, Wang PL, Demadura T, Ganzini L: Validation of two depression screening tools in dialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 46: 919-924, 2005
33. Hedayati SS, Bosworth HB, Kuchibhatla M, Kimmel PL, Szczech LA: The predictive value of self-reported questionnaires compared to physician diagnosis of depression in end stage renal disease patients receiving chronic hemodialysis. Kidney Int 69: 1662-1668, 2006
34. Kimmel PL, Weihs KL, Peterson RA: Survival in hemodialysis patients: The role of depression. J Am Soc Nephrol 4: 12-27, 1993
35. Kimmel PL, Peterson RA, Weihs KL, Simmens SJ, Alleyne S, Cruz I, Veis JH: Multiple measurements of depression predict mortality in a longitudinal study of chronic hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 57: 2093-2098, 2000
36. Kimmel PL, Peterson RA, Weihs KL, Simmens SJ, Boyle DH, Umana WO, Kovac JA, Alleyne S, Cruz I, Veis JH: Psychological functioning, quality of life, and behavioral compliance in patients beginning hemodialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 7: 2152-2159, 1996
37. Lopes AA, Bragg J, Young E, Goodkin D, Mapes D: Depression as a predictor of mortality and hospitalization among hemodialysis patients in the United States and Europe. Kidney Int 62: 199-207, 2002
38. Hedayati SS, Grambow SC, Szczech LA, Stechuchak KM, Allen AS, Bosworth HB: Physician-diagnosed depression as a correlate of hospitalizations in patients receiving long-term hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 46: 642-649, 2005
39. Unruh ML, Weisbord SD, Kimmel PL: Health-related quality of life in nephrology research and clinical practice. Semin Dialysis 18: 82-90, 2005
40. Kimmel PL, Patel SS, Peterson RA: Depression in African-American patients with kidney disease. J Natl Med Assoc 94: 92S-103S, 2002
41. Ng TP, Niti M, Tan WC, Cao Z, Ong KC, Eng P: Depressive symptoms and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Effect on mortality, hospital readmission, symptom burden, functional status, and quality of life. Arch Intern Med 167: 60-67, 2007
42. Sacco WP, Yanover T: Diabetes and depression: The role of social support and medical symptoms. J Behav Med 29: 523-531, 2006
43. Barden N: Implication of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the physiopathology of depression. J Psychiatry Neurosci 29: 185-193, 2004
44. Segerstrom SC, Miller GE: Psychological stress and the human immune system: A meta-analytic study of 30 years of inquiry. Psych Bull 130: 601-630, 2004
45. Dickerson SS, Kemeny ME: Acute stressors and Cortisol responses: A theoretical integration and synthesis of laboratory research. Psych Bull 130: 355-391, 2004
46. Miller GE, Cohen S, Ritchey AK: Chronic psychological stress and the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines: A glucocorticoid-resistance model. Health Psychol 21: 531-541, 2002
47. Kiecolt-Glaser JK, McGuire L, Robles TF, Glaser R: Psychoneuroimmunology: Psychological influences on immune function and health. J Con Clin Psych 70: 537-547, 2002
48. Strouse TB: The relationship between cytokines and pain/depression: A review and current status. Curr Pain Headache Rep 11: 98-103, 2007
49. Kuo HK, Yen CJ, Chang CH, Kuo CK, Chen JH, Sorond F: Relation of C-reactive protein to stroke, cognitive disorders, and depression in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol 4: 371-380, 2005
50. Miller GE, Freedland KE, Carney RM, Stetler CA, Banks WA: Cynical hostility, depressive symptoms, and the expression of inflammatory risk markers for coronary heart disease. J Behav Med 26: 501-515, 2003
51. Elenkov IJ, Chrousos GP: Stress hormones, proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines, and autoimmunity. Ann N Y Acad Sc 966: 290-303, 2002
52. Yirmiya N, Weidenfeld J, Pollak Y, Morag M, Morag A, Avitsur R, Barak O, Reichenberg A, Cohen E, Shavit Y, Ovadia H: Cytokines, depression due to a general medical condition and antidepressant drugs. In: Cytokines, Stress, and Depression, edited by Dantzer R, Wollman EE, Yirmiya R, New York, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 1999, pp 283-316
53. Schiepers O, Wichers M, Maes M: Cytokines and major depression. Prog NeuroPsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 29: 201-217, 2005
54. Brydon L, Steptoe A: Stress-induced increases in interleukin-6 and fibrinogen predict ambulatory blood pressure at 3-year follow-up. J Hypertens 23: 1001-1007, 2005
55. Kimmel PL, Phillips TM, Simmens SJ, Peterson RA, Weihs KL, Alleyne S, Cruz I, Yanovski JA, Veis JH: Immunologic function and survival in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 54: 236-244, 1998
56. Owen WF, Lowrie EG: C-reactive protein as an outcome predictor for maintenance hemodialysis patients. Kid Int 54: 627-636, 1998
57. Zoccali C, Benedetto FA, Mallamaci F: Inflammation is associated with carotid atherosclerosis in dialysis patients. J Hypertension 18: 1207-1213, 2000
58. Stenvinkel P, Barany P, Heimburger O: Mortality, malnutrition, and atherosclerosis in ESRD: What is the role of interleukin-6? Kidney Int Suppl 80: 103-108, 2002
59. Stenvinkel P, Lindholm B, Heimburger M: Elevated serum levels of soluble adhesion molecules predict death in pre-dialysis patients: Association with malnutrition, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 15: 1624-1630, 2000
60. Kimmel PL, Peterson RA, Weihs KL, Shidler NR, Simmens SJ, Alleyne S, Cruz I, Yanovski JA, Veis JH, Phillips TM: Marital conflict, gender and survival in urban hemodialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 11: 1518-1525, 2000
61. Stenvinkel P, Ketteler M, Johnson R, Lindholm B, Pecoits-Filho R, Riella M, Cederholm T, Girndt M: Interleukin-10, IL-6, and TNF-alpha: Central factors in the altered cytokine network of uremia-the good, bad, and the ugly. Kidney Int 67: 1216-1233, 2005
62. Girndt M, Ulrich C, Kaul H, Sester U, Sester M, Kohler H: Uremia-associated immune defect: The IL-10-CRP axis. Kidney Int 84: S76-S79, 2003
63. Stenvinkel P, Alvestrand A: Inflammation in end-stage renal disease: Sources, consequences, and therapy. Sem Dialysis 15: 329-337, 2002
64. Qureshi AR, Alvestrand A, Divino-Filho JC: Inflammation, malnutrition, and cardiac disease as predictors of mortality in hemodialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 13: S28-S36, 2002
65. Stenvinkel P: Inflammatory and atherosclerotic interactions in the depleted uremic patient. Blood Purif 19: 53-61, 2001
66. Ross R. Atherosclerosis: An inflammatory disease: N Engl J Med 340: 115-126, 1999
67. Ranjit N, Roux-Diez AV, Shea S, Cushman M, Seeman T, Jackson SA, Ni H: Psychosocial factors and inflammation in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Arch Intern Med 167: 174-181, 2007
68. Penninx BW, Kritchevsky SB, Yaffe K, Newman AB, Simonsick EM, Rubin S, Ferrucci L, Harris T, Pahor M: Inflammatory markers and depressed mood in older persons: Results from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Biol Psychiatry 54: 566-572, 2003
69. Tiemeier H, Hofman A, van Tuijl HR, Kiliaan AJ, Meijer J, Breteler MM: Inflammatory proteins and depression in the elderly. Epidemiology 14: 103-107, 2003
70. Musselman DL, Evans DL, Nemeroff CB: The relationship of depression to cardiovascular disease: Epidemiology, biology, and treatment. Arch Gen Psychiatry 55: 580-592, 1998
71. Kimmel PL, Peterson RA, Weihs KL, Simmens SJ, Alleyne S, Cruz I, Veis JH: Psychosocial factors, behavioral compliance and survival in urban hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 54: 245-254, 1998
72. Koo JR, Yoon JW, Kim SG, Lee YK, Oh KH, Kim GH, Kim HJ, Chae DW, Noh JW, Lee SK, Son BK: Association of depression with malnutrition in chronic hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 41: 1037-1042, 2003
73. Vazquez I, Valderrabano F, Jofre R, Fort J, Lopez-Gomez JM, Moreno F, Sanz-Guajardo D; Spanish Cooperative Renal Patients Quality of Life Study Group: Psychosocial factors and quality of life in young hemodialysis patients with low comorbidity. J Nephrol 16: 886-894, 2003
74. Friend R, Hatchett L, Wadhwa NK, Suh H: Serum albumin and depression in end-stage renal disease. Adv Peritoneal Dial 13: 155-157, 1997
75. Cheung W, Yu PX, Little BM, Cone RD, Marks DL, Mak RH: Role of leptin and melanocortin signaling in uremia-associated cachexia. J Clin Invest 115: 1659-1665, 2005
76. Mak RH, Cheung W, Cone RD, Marks DL: Orexigenic and anorexigenic mechanisms in the control of nutrition in chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 20: 427-431, 2005
77. Mak RH, Cheung W, Cone RD, Marks DL: Leptin and inflammation-associated cachexia in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 69: 794-797, 2006
78. Himmelfarb J, Holbrook D, McMonagle E, Robinson R, Nye L, Spratt D: Kt/V, nutritional parameters, serum Cortisol, and insulin growth factor-1 levels and patient outcome in hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 24: 473-479, 1994
79. Kaveh K, Kimmel PL: Compliance in hemodialysis patients: Multidimensional measures in search of a gold standard. Am J Kidney Dis 37: 244-266, 2001
80. Leggat JE Jr: Adherence with dialysis: A focus on mortality risk. Semin Dial 18: 137-141, 2005
81. DiMatteo MR, Lepper HS, Croghan TW: Depression is a risk factor for noncompliance with medical treatment: Meta-analysis of the effects of anxiety and depression on patient adherence. Arch Intern Med 160: 2101-2107, 2000
82. Unruh ML, Evans IV, Fink NE, Powe NR, Meyer KB; Choices for Healthy Outcomes in Caring for End-Stage Renal Disease (CHOICE) Study: Skipped treatments, markers of nutritional nonadherence, and survival among incident hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 46: 1107-1116, 2005
83. Leggat JE Jr, Orzol SM, Hulbert-Shearon TE, Golper TA, Jones CA, Held PJ, Port FK: Noncompliance in hemodialysis: Predictors and survival analysis. Am J Kidney Dis 32: 139-145, 1998
84. Schulz R, Drayer RA, Rollman BL: Depression as a risk factor for non-suicide mortality in the elderly. Biol Psychiatry 52: 205-225, 2002
85. Gallo JJ, Bogner HR, Morales KH, Post EP, Ten Have T, Bruce ML: Depression, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and two-year mortality among older, primary-care patients. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 13: 748-755, 2005
86. Bruce ML, Leaf PJ: Psychiatric disorders and 15-month mortality in a community sample of older adults: Am J Public Health 79: 727-730, 1989
87. Bruce ML, Leaf PJ, Rozal GP, Florio L, Hoff RA: Psychiatric status and 9-year mortality data in the New Haven Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. Am J Psychiatry 151: 716-721, 1994
88. Penninx BW, Geerlings SW, Deeg DJ, van Eijk JT, van Tilburg W, Beekman AT: Minor and major depression and the risk of death in older persons. Arch Gen Psychiatry 56: 889-895, 1999
89. Gallo JJ, Bogner HR, Morales KH, Post EP, Lin JY, Bruce ML: The effect of a primary care practice-based depression intervention on mortality in older adults: A randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 146: 689-698, 2007
90. Ziarnik JP, Freeman CW, Sherrard DJ, Calsyn DA: Psychological correlates of survival on renal dialysis. J Nerv Ment Dis 164: 210-213, 1977
91. Wai L, Burton H, Richmond J, Lindsay RM: Influence of psychosocial factors on survival of home dialysis patients. Lancet 2: 1155-1156, 1981
92. Burton HJ, Kline SA, Lindsay RM, Heidenheim AP: The relationship of depression to survival in chronic renal failure. Psychosom Med 48: 261-269, 1986
93. Shulman R, Price JD, Spinelli J: Biopsychosocial aspects of long-term survival on end-stage renal failure therapy. Psychol Med 19: 945-954, 1989
94. Peterson RA, Kimmel PL, Sacks CR, Mesquita ML, Simmens SJ, Reiss D: Depression, perception of illness and mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease. Int J Psych Med 21: 343-354, 1991
95. Christensen AJ, Wiebe JS, Smith TW, Turner CW: Predictors of survival among hemodialysis patients: Effect of perceived family support. Health Psychol 13: 521-525, 1994
96. Devins GM, Mann J, Mandin H, Paul LC, Hons RB, Burgess ED, Taub K, Schorr S, Letourneau PK, Buckle S: Psychosocial predictors of survival in ESRD. J Nerv Ment Dis 178: 127-133, 1990
97. Troidle L, Watnick S, Wuerth DB, Gorban-Brennan N, Kliger AS, Finkelstein FO: Depression and its association with peritonitis in long-term peritoneal dialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 42: 350-354, 2003
98. Boulware LE, Liu Y, Fink NE, Coresh J, Ford DE, Klag MJ, Powe NR: The temporal relation between depression symptoms, cardiovascular disease events and mortality in ESRD: Contribution of reverse causality. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 1: 496-504, 2006
99. Kurella M, Kimmel PL, Young BS, Chertow GM: Suicide in the United States end-stage renal disease program. J Am Soc Nephrol 16: 774-781, 2005
100. US Renal Data System, USRDS 2004 Annual Data Report: Atlas of End-Stage Renal Disease in the United States, Bethesda, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 2004
101. Neu S, Kjellstrand CM: Stopping long-term dialysis: An empirical study of withdrawal of life-supporting treatment. N Engl J Med 314: 14-20, 1986
102. Cohen LM, Germain MJ: The psychiatric landscape of withdrawal. Semin Dialysis 18: 147-153, 2005
103. Cohen LM, Germain MJ, Poppel DM: Practical considerations in dialysis withdrawal: "To have that option is a blessing." JAMA 289: 2113-2119, 2003
104. Murtagh F, Cohen LM, Germain M: Dialysis discontinuation: Quo vadis? Adv Chron Kidney Dis 14: 379-401, 2007
105. McDade-Montez EA, Christensen AJ, Cvengros JA, Lawton WJ: The role of depression symptoms in dialysis withdrawal. Health Psychol 25: 198-204, 2006
106. Abram HS: Survival by machine: the psychological stress of chronic hemodialysis. Psychiatry Med 1: 37-51, 1970
107. Martin CR, Tweed AE, Metcalfe MS: A psychometric evaluation of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in patients diagnosed with end-stage renal disease. Br J Clin Psych 43: 51-64, 2004
108. Martin CR, Thompson DR: Utility of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in patients with end-stage renal disease on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Psych Health Med 4: 369-376, 1999
109. Jadoulle V, Hoyois P, Jadoul M: Anxiety and depression in chronic hemodialysis: Some somatopsychic determinants. Clin Nephrol 63: 113-118, 2005
110. Taskapan H, Ates F, Kaya B, Emul M, Kaya M, Taskapan C, Sahin I: Psychiatric disorders and large interdialytic weight gain in patients on chronic haemodialysis. Nephrology 10: 15-20, 2005
111. Ansseau M, Dierick M, Buntinkx F, Cnockaert P, De Smedt J, Van Den Haute M, Vander Mijnsbrugge D: High prevalence of mental disorders in primary care. J Affect Disord 78: 49-55, 2004
112. Sareen J, Jacobi F, Cox BJ, Belik SL, Clara I, Stein MB: Disability and poor quality of life associated with comorbid anxiety disorders and physical conditions. Arch Intern Med 166: 2109-2116, 2006
113. Yildirim YK, Fadiloglu C: The effect of progressive muscle relaxation training on anxiety levels and quality of life in dialysis patients. EDTNA ERCA J 32: 86-88, 2006
114. Pollack MH: Comorbid anxiety and depression. J Clin Psychiatry 8: 22-29, 2005
115. Cohen SD, Norris L, Acquaviva K, Peterson RA, Kimmel PL: Screening, diagnosis, and treatment of depression in patients with end-stage renal disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2: 1332-1342, 2007
116. Snow V, Lascher S, Mottur-Pilson C: Pharmacologic treatment of acute major depression and dysthymia. American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. Ann Intern Med 132: 738-742, 2000
117. Whooley MA, Simon GE: Managing depression in medical outpatients. N Engl J Med 343: 1942-1950, 2000
118. Mann JJ: Drug therapy: The medical management of depression. N Engl J Med 353: 1819-1834, 2005
119. Watnick S, Kirwin P, Mahnensmith R, Concato J: The prevalence and treatment of depression among patients starting dialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 41: 105-110, 2003
120. Kimmel PL, Peterson RA: Depression in patients with end-stage renal disease treated with dialysis: Has the time to treat arrived? Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 1: 349-352, 2006
121. Cohen SD, Kimmel PL: Nutritional status, psychosocial issues, and survival in hemodialysis patients. In: Nutrition and Kidney Disease: A New Era, edited by Suzuki H, Kimmel PL, Basel, Switzerland, Karger, 2007, pp 1-17
122. Cohen LM, Tessier EG, Germain MJ, Levy NB: Update on psychotropic medication use in renal disease. Psychosomatics 45: 34-48, 2004
123. Finkelstein FO, Finkelstein SH: Depression in chronic dialysis patients: Assessment and treatment. Nephrol Dial Transplant 15: 1911-1913, 2000
124. Finkelstein FO, Watnick S, Finkelstein SH, Wuerth D: The treatment of depression in patients maintained on dialysis. J Psychosom Res 53: 957-960, 2002
125. Cohen SD, Perkins V, Kimmel PL: Psychosocial issues in ESRD patients. In: Handbook of Dialysis, 4th Ed., edited by Daugirdas J, Ing T, Boston, Little Brown, 2007, pp 455-461
126. Novotny T, Florianova A, Ceskova E, Weislamplova M, Palensky V, Tomanova J, Sisakova M, Toman O, Spinar J: Monitoring of QT interval in patients treated with psychotropic drugs. Int J Cardiol 117: 329-332, 2007
127. Reilly JG, Ayis SA, Ferrier IN, Jones SJ, Thomas SH: QTc interval abnormalities and psychotropic drug therapy in psychiatric patients. Lancet 355: 1048-1052, 2000
128. Blumenfield M, Levy NB, Spinowitz B, Charytan C, Beasley CM Jr, Dubey AK, Solomon RJ, Todd R, Goodman A, Bergstrom RF: Fluoxetine in depressed patients on dialysis. Int J Psychiatry Med 27: 71-80, 1997
129. Levy NB, Blumenfield M, Beasley CM Jr, Dubey AK, Solomon RJ, Todd R, Goodman A, Bergstrom RR: Fluoxetine in depressed patients with renal failure and in depressed patients with normal renal function. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 18: 8-13, 1996
130. Wuerth D, Finkelstein SH, Kliger AS, Finkelstein FO: Chronic peritoneal dialysis patients diagnosed with clinical depression: Results of pharmacologic therapy. Sem Dialysis 16: 424-427, 2003
131. Wuerth D, Finkelstein SH, Ciarcia J, Peterson R, Kliger AS, Finkelstein FO: Identification and treatment of depression in a cohort of patients maintained on chronic peritoneal dialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 37: 1011-1017, 2001
132. Dheenan S, Venkatesan J, Grubb BP, Henrich WL: Effect of sertraline hydrochloride on dialysis hypotension. Am J Kidney Dis 31: 624-630, 1998
133. Wyszynski A, Wyszynski B: Manual of psychiatric care for the medically ill. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Press, 2005
134. Ghaemi SN, Hsu DJ, Soldani F, Goodwin FK: Antidepressants in bipolar disorder: The case for caution. Bipolar Disord 5: 421-433, 2003
135. Goldberg JF, Truman CJ: Antidepressant-induced mania: An overview of current controversies. Bipolar Disord 5: 407-420, 2003
136. Ghaemi SN, Rosenquist KJ, Ko JY, Baldassano CF, Kontos NJ, Baldessarini RJ: Anti-depressant treatment in bipolar versus unipolar depression. Am J Psychiatry 161: 163-165, 2004
137. Ghaemi SN, Boiman EE, Goodwin FK: Diagnosing bipolar disorder and the effect of antidepressants: A naturalistic study: J Clin Psychiatry 61: 804-808, 2000
138. Healy D: Lines of evidence on the risks of suicide with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Psychother Psychosom 72: 71-79, 2003
139. Isacsson G, Holmgren P, Ahlner J: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants and the risk of suicide: A controlled forensic database study of 14,857 suicides. Acta Psychiatr Scand 111: 286-290, 2005
140. Hall WD: How have the SSRI antidepressants affected suicide risk? Lancet 367: 1959-1962, 2006
141. Yuan Y, Tsoi K, Hunt RH: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding: Confusion or confounding? Am J Med 119: 719-727, 2006
142. Wessinger S, Kaplan M, Choi L, Williams M, Lau C, Sharp L, Crowell MD, Keshavarzian A, Jones MP: Increased use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in patients admitted with gastrointestinal hemorrhage: a multicenter retrospective analysis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 23: 937-944, 2006
143. Dalton SO, Johansen C, Mellemkjaer L: Use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and risk of gastrointestinal bleeding: A population-based cohort study. Arch Intern Med 163: 59-64, 2003
144. Serebruarny VL: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and increased bleeding risk: Are we missing something? Am J Med 119: 113-116, 2006
145. Spigset O: Adverse reactions of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Drug Saf 29: 277-287, 1999
146. Bailey JE, Potokar JP, Coupland NJ, et al.: The 5HT 3 antagonist ondansetron reduces gastrointestinal side effects induced by a specific serotonin reuptake inhibitor in man. J Psychopharmacol 9: 137-141, 1995
147. Ueda N, Yoshimura R, Shinkai K, Sakata Y, Nakamura J: Higher plasma 5-hydroxyindoloacetic acid levels are associated with SSRI-induced nausea. Neuropsychobiology 48: 31-34, 2003
148. Rabindranath KS, Daly C, Butler JA, Roderick PJ, Wallace S, Macleod AM: Psychosocial interventions for depression in dialysis patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005 Jul 20; 3: CD004542
149. Cukor D, Friedman S: Towards the psychosocial treatment of depressed patients on dialysis. Internet J Neph 2: 2, 2005
150. Rickels K, Moller HJ: Anxiety: New treatment perspectives. J Clin Psychiatry 63: 2, 2002
151. Rickels K, Rynn M: Pharmacotherapy of generalized anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 63: 9-16, 2002
152. Sramek JJ, Zarotsky V, Cutler NR: Generalized anxiety disorder. Drugs 62: 1635-1648, 2002
153. Gale C, Davidson O: Generalized anxiety disorder. BMJ 334: 579-581, 2007
154. Allgulander C, Sheehan DV: Generalized anxiety disorder: Raising the expectations of treatment. Psychopharmacol Bull 36[Suppl 2]: 68-78, 2002
155. Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams J, Monahan PO, Lowe B: Anxiety disorders in primary care: prevalence, impairment, comorbidity, and detection. Ann Intern Med 146: 317-325, 2007
156. House JS, Landis KR, Umberson D: Social relationships and health. Science 241:540-545, 1988
157. House JS. Kahn RL: Measures and concepts of social support. In: Social Support and Health, edited by Cohen S, Syme SL, London, Academic Press, 1985, pp 83-108
158. Brissette I, Cohen S, Seeman TE: Measuring social integration and social networks. In: Measuring and intervening in Social Support, edited by Cohen S, Underwood L, Gottlieb B, New York, Oxford University Press, 2000, pp 53-85
159. Cohen S, Doyle WJ, Skoner DP, Rabin BS, Gwaltney JM Jr: Social ties and susceptibility to the common cold. JAMA 277: 1940-1944, 1997
160. Christensen AJ, Smith TW, Turner CW, Holman JM Jr, Gregory MC, Rich MA: Family support, physical impairment and adherence in hemodialysis: An investigation of main and buffering effects. J Behavior Med 15: 313-325, 1992
161. Cohen SD, Sharma T, Acquaviva K, Peterson RA, Patel SS, Kimmel PL: Social support and chronic kidney disease: An update. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 14: 335-344, 2007
162. McClellan WM, Flanders WD, Gutman RA: Variable mortality rates among dialysis treatment centers. Ann Intern Med 117: 332-326, 1992
163. Uchino BN, Caccioppo JT, Kiecolt-Glaser JK: The relationship between social support and physiological processes: A review with emphasis on underlying mechanisms and implications for health. Psychol Bull 191: 488-531, 1996
164. Cohen S: Social relationships and health. Am Psychol 59: 676-684, 2004
165. Husebye DG, Westlie L, Styrvoky TJ, Kjellstrand CM: Psychological, social and somatic prognostic indicators in old patients undergoing long-term dialysis. Arch Intern Med 147: 1921-1924, 1987
166. McClellan WM, Anson C, Birkeli K, Tuttle E: Functional status and quality of life: Predictors of early mortality among patients entering treatment for end stage renal disease. J Clin Epidemiol 44: 83-89, 1991
167. McClellan WM, Stanwyck DJ, Anson CA: Social support and subsequent mortality among patients with end-stage renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 4: 1028-1034, 1993
168. Patel SS, Peterson RA, Kimmel PL: The impact of social support on end-stage renal disease. Semin Dial 18: 98-102, 2005
169. Kimmel PL, Patel SS: Quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease: Focus on end-stage renal disease treated with hemodialysis. Semin Nephrol 26: 68-79, 2006
170. Kimmel PL, Emont SL, Newmann JM, Danko H, Moss AH: ESRD patient quality of life: Symptoms, spiritual beliefs, psychosocial factors, and ethnicity. Am J Kidney Dis 42: 713-721, 2003
171. Patel SS, Shah VS, Peterson RA, Kimmel PL: Psychosocial variables, quality of life, and religious beliefs in ESRD patients treated with hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 40: 1013-1022, 2002
172. Symister P, Friend R: The influence of social support and problematic support on optimism and depression in chronic illness: A prospective study evaluating self-esteem as a mediator. Health Psychol 22: 123-129, 2003
173. Hoth KF, Christensen AJ, Ehlers SL, Raichle KA, Lawton WJ: A longitudinal examination of social support, agreeableness and depressive symptoms in chronic kidney disease. J Behav Med 30: 69-76, 2007
174. Burman B, Margolin G: Analysis of the association between marital relationships and health problems: An interactional perspective. Psychol Bull 112: 39-63, 1992
175. Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Newton TL: Marriage and health: His and hers. Psychol Bull 127: 472-503, 2001
176. Bierman A, Fazio EM, Milkie MA: A multifaceted approach to the mental health advantage of the married: Assessing how explanations vary by outcome measure and unmarried group. Family Issues 27: 554-582, 2006
177. Robles TF, Kiecolt-Glaser JK: The physiology of marriage: Pathways to health. Physiol Behavior 79: 409-416, 2003
178. Johnson NJ, Backlund E, Sorlie PD, Loveless CA: Marital status and mortality: The National Longitudinal Mortality Study. Ann Epidemiol 10: 224-238, 2000
179. Kulik JA, Mahler HI: Marital quality predicts hospital stay following coronary artery by-pass surgery for women but not men. Soc Sci Med 63: 2031-2040, 2006
180. Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Loving TJ, Stowell JR, Malarkey WB, Lemeshow S, Dickinson SL, Glaser R: Hostile marital interactions, proinflammatory cytokine production, and wound healing. Arch Gen Psych 62: 1377-1384, 2005
181. Palmer BF: Sexual dysfunction in men and women with chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease. Adv Ren Replace Ther 10: 48-60, 2003
182. Steele TE, Wuerth D, Finkelstein S, Juergensen D, Juergensen P, Kliger AS, Finkelstein FO: Sexual experience of the chronic peritoneal dialysis patient. J Am Soc Nephrol 7: 1165-1168, 1996
183. Finkelstein FO, Finkelstein SH, Steele TE: Assesssment of marital relationships of hemodialysis patients. Am J Med Sci 271: 21-28, 1976
184. Soskolne V, De-Nour AK: Psychosocial adjustment of home hemodialysis, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and hospital dialysis patients and their spouses. Soc Sci Med 29: 497-502, 1989
185. Devins GM, Hunsley J, Mandin H, Taub KJ, Paul LC: The marital context of end-stage renal disease: Illness intrusiveness and perceived changes in the family environment. Ann Behav Med 19: 325-332, 1997
186. Daneker B, Kimmel PL, Ranich T, Peterson RA: Depression and marital dissatisfaction in patients with end-stage renal disease and in their spouses. Am J Kidney Dis 38: 839-846, 2001
187. Chowanec GD, Binik YM: End-stage renal disease and the marital dyad: An empirical investigation. Soc Sci Med 28: 971-983, 1989
188. Steele TE, Finkelstein SH, Finkelstein FO: Marital discord, sexual problems, and depression. J Nerv Ment Dis 162: 225-237, 1976
189. Rideout EM, Rodin GM, Littlefield CH: Stress, social support and symptoms of depression in spouses of the medically ill. Int J Psychiatry Med 20: 37-48, 1990
190. Boulware LE, Ratner LE, Sosa JA: Determinants of willingness to donate living related and cadaveric organs: Identifying opportunities for intervention. Transplantation 73: 1683-1691, 2002
191. Wicks MN, Milstead EJ, Hathaway DK, Cetingok M: Subjective burden and quality of life in family caregivers of patients with end-stage renal disease. ANNA J 24: 527-540, 1997
192. Lowry MR, Atcherson E: Spouse-assistants' adjustment to home hemodialysis. J Chron Dis 37: 293-300, 1984
193. Berkman AH, Katz LA, Weissman R: Sexuality and the life-style of home dialysis patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 63: 272-275, 1982
194. Moguilner ME, Bauman A, De-Nour AK: Adjustment of children and parents to chronic hemodialysis. Psychosomatics 29: 289-294, 1988
195. Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Newton T, Cacioppo JT, MacCallum RC, Glaser R, Malarkey WB: Marital conflict and endocrine function: Are men really more physiologically affected than women? J Consult Clin Psychol 64: 324-332, 1996
196. Turner-Musa J, Leidner D, Simmens S, Reiss D, Kimmel PL, Holder B: Family structure and patient survival in an African-American end-stage renal disease population: A preliminary investigation. Soc Sci Med 48: 1333-1340, 1999
197. Alleyne S, Reiss D, Leonard KJ, Turner-Musa J, Wagner B, Simmens S, Holder B, Kimmel PL, Kobrin S, Cruz I: Staff security and work pressure: Contrasting patterns of stability and change across five dialysis units. Soc Sci Med 43: 525-535, 1996
198. Kovac JA, Patel SS, Peterson RA, Kimmel PL: Patient satisfaction with care and behavioral compliance in end-stage renal disease patients treated with hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 39: 1236-1244, 2002
199. Powe NR: To have and have not: Health and health care disparities in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 64: 763-772, 2003
200. Agodoa L: Lessons from chronic renal diseases in African Americans: treatment implications. Ethn Dis 13: S118-S124, 2003
201. Norris KC, Agodoa LY: Unraveling the racial disparities associated with kidney disease. Kidney Int 68: 914-924, 2005
202. Powe NR, Melamed ML: Racial disparities in the optimal delivery of chronic kidney disease care. Med Clin North Am 89: 475-488, 2005
203. Robinson BM, Joffe MM, Pisoni RL, Port FK, Feldman HI: Revisiting survival differences by race and ethnicity among hemodialysis patients: The Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study. J Am Soc Nephrol 17: 2910-2918, 2006
204. Gornick ME, Eggers PW, Reilly TW, Mentnech RM, Fitterman LK, Kucken LE, Vladeck BC: Effects of race and income on mortality and use of sen/ices among Medicare beneficiaries N Engl J Med 335: 791-799, 1996
205. Rodriguez RA, Sen S, Mehta K, Moody-Ayers S, Bacchetti P, O'Hare AM Geography matters: Relationships among urban residential segregation, dialysis facilities, and patient outcomes. Ann Intern Med 146: 493-501, 2007
206. Kadlubek P, Thamer M, Richard C, Kimmel PL: Socioeconomic status and survival in the US ESRD program [Abtract]. J Am Soc Nephrol 10: 1244A, 1999
207. Williams DR: Race, socioeconomic status and health: The added effects of racism and discrimination. Ann N Y Acad Sci 896: 173-188, 1999
208. Cooper-Patrick L, Gallo JJ, Gonzales JJ, Vu HT, Powe NR, Nelson C, Ford DE: Race, gender, and partnership in the patient-physician relationship. JAMA 282: 583-589, 1999
209. The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation: Key Facts Race, Ethnicity and Medical Care, Washington DC, 2003
210. Sue S, Dhindsa MK: Ethnic and racial health disparities research: Issues and problems. Health Edu Behav 33: 459-469, 2006
211. Crawley LM: Racial, cultural, and ethnic factors influencing end-of-life care. J Palliat Med 8: S58-S69, 2005
212. Adler NE, Boyce T, Chesney MA, Cohen S, Folkman S, Kahn RL, Syme SL: Socioeconomic status and health: The challenge of the gradient. Am Psychol 49: 15-24, 1994
213. Wuerth D, Finkelstein SH, Finkelstein FO: The identification and treatment of depression in patients maintained on dialysis. Semin Dial 18: 142-146, 2005
214. Koo JR, Yoon JY, Joo MH, Lee HS, Oh JE, Kim SG, Seo JW, Lee YK, Kim HJ, Noh JW, Lee SK, Son BK: Treatment of depression and effect of antidepression treatment on nutritional status in chronic hemodialysis patients. Am J Med Sci 329: 1-5, 2005
215. Kurella M, Suri RS, Chertow GM: Frequent hemodialysis and psychosocial function. Semin Dial 18: 132-136, 2005