The negative effects of poverty & food insecurity on child development

Indian Journal of Medical Research

Volumn 126, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 262-272

  Chilton, Mariana ^a   Chyatte, Michelle ^a   Breaux, Jennifer ^a  

^a DREXEL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Capability approach; Child health development; Early childhood nutrition; Food insecurity; Human rights framework; Poverty

Indexed keywords

BRAIN DEVELOPMENT; CHILD; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; CHILD NUTRITION; COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; EDUCATION; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; FOOD DEPRIVATION; FOOD SECURITY; HUMAN; HUMAN RIGHTS; HUNGER; INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION; JUSTICE; LEGAL ASPECT; MALNUTRITION; MORALITY; MOTHER CHILD RELATION; MOTOR DEVELOPMENT; POVERTY; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; PREVALENCE; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY;

CHILD DEVELOPMENT; CHILD NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGY; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; HUMAN RIGHTS; HUMANS; HUNGER; INFANT; INFANT NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGY; INFANT, NEWBORN; POVERTY; PUBLIC POLICY;

EID: 36749080869     PISSN: 09715916     EISSN: 09715916     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (81)

1. Walker SP, Wachs TD, Meeks Gardner J, Lozoff B, Wasserman GA, Pollitt E, et al. Child development: risk factors for adverse outcomes in developing countries. Lancet 2007; 369: 145-57.
2. Grantham-McGregor S, Cheung YB, Cueto S, Glewwe P, Richter L, Strupp B. Developmental potential in the first 5 years for children in developing countries. Lancet 2007; 369: 60-70.
3. FAO. Trade reforms and food security: Conceptualizing the linkages. Rome: FAO; 2003.
4. United Nations World Food Program. Hunger and learning, World Food Program Rome: United Nations; 2006.
5. Krieger N, Davey Smith G. "Bodies count," and body counts: social epidemiology and embodying inequality. Epidemiol Rev 2004; 26: 92-103.
6. Sen AK. Development as freedom. New York: Oxford University Press; 1999.
7. Shonkoff JP. From neurons to neighborhoods: old and new challenges for developmental and behavioral pediatrics. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2003; 24: 70-6.
8. Engle P. Early child development: Should we have global indicators? In: Kolsteren P, Hoeree T, Perez-Cueto A, editors. Promoting growth and development of under fives. Proceedings of the International Colloquium. Antwerp: ITG Press; 2001 p. 23-39.
9. Grzywacz JG, Fuqua J. The social ecology of health: leverage points and linkages. Behav Med 2000; 26: 101-15.
10. Bronfenbrenner U. The ecology of human development, experiments by nature and design. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press; 1979.
11. Brooks-Gunn J, Fuligni AS, Berlin L. Early child development in the 21st century: profiles of current research initiatives. New York: Teachers College Press; 2003.
12. Shonkoff JP, Phillips DA, editors. From neurons to neighborhoods: The science of early childhood development. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press; 2000.
13. Dubbing J. The later growth of the brain and its vulnerability. Pediatrics 1974; 53: 2-6.
14. WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group. Assessment of differences in linear growth among populations in the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group. Acta Oaediatr 2006; 450 (Suppl): 55-6.
15. Victora C, Barros F, Lima RC, Behague DP, Goncalves H, Horta BL, et al. The Pelotas birth cohort study, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 1982-2001. Cad Saude Publica Rio de Janeiro 2003: 1241-56.
16. Walker S, Chang S, Powell C, Grantham-McGregor S. Effects of early childhood psychosocial stimulation and nutritional supplementation on cognition and education in growth-stunted Jamaican children: prospective cohort study. Lancet 2005; 366: 1804-7.
17. Nord M, Andrews M, Carlson S. Food insecurity in the United States, 2005: Economic Research Report No. (ERR-29), November 2006.
18. Casey PH, Szeto KL, Robbins JM, Stuff JE, Connell C, Gossett JM, et al. Child health-related quality of life and household food security. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2005; 159: 51-6.
19. Olson CM. Nutrition and health outcomes associated with food insecurity and hunger. J Nutr 1999; 129(2S Suppl): 521S-4S.
20. Whitaker RC, Phillips SM, Orzol SM. Food insecurity and the risks of depression and anxiety in mothers and behavior problems in their preschool-aged children. Pediatrics 2006; 118: 859-68.
21. Rose-Jacobs R, Cook JT, Frank DA, Heeren TC, Black MM, Berkowitz C, et al. Household food insecurity: Associations with at-risk infant and toddler development Pediatrics 2007 (in press).
22. UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre. UNICEF, Child poverty in perspective: An overview of child well-being in rich countries, Innocenti Report Card 7, 2007 Florence; 2007.
23. Kasper J. Hunger in legal immigrants in California, Texas, and Illinois. Am of Public Health 2000; 90: 1629-33.
24. Quandt SA, Shoaf JI, Tapia J, Hernandez-Pelletier M, Clark HM, Arcury TA. Experiences of Latino immigrant families in North Carolina help explain elevated levels of food insecurity and hunger. J Nutr 2006; 136: 2638-44.
25. Van Hook J, Glick JE, Bean FD. Public assistance receipt among immigrants and natives: how the unit of analysis affects research findings. Demography 1999; 36: 111-20.
26. Capps R, Fix M, Ost J, Reardon-Anderson J, Passel J. The health and wellbeing of young children of immigrants. Washington DC: The Urban Institute; 2004.
27. Borjas G. Immigration and the food stamp program. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University; 1999.
28. Chilton M, Frank D, and the C-SNAP Study Group. Well-being of citizen children of immigrants in relation to food stamps and WIC, 1998-2005. RIDGE Project Summaries, 2006. Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Innovation and Development Grants in Economics Program. United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, August 2007.
29. Leadbeater B, Bishop S. Quality of mother-toddler interactions, maternal depressive symptom and behavior problems in preschoolers of adolescent mothers. Dev Psychol 1996; 32: 280-8.
30. Chavkin W, Wise PH. The data are in: health matters in welfare policy. Am J Public Health 2002; 92: 1392-5.
31. Romero D, Chavkin W, Wise PH, Smith LA, Wood PR. Welfare to work? Impact of maternal health on employment. Am J Public Health 2002; 92: 1462-8.
32. Hall L, Farel A. Maternal stresses and depressive symptoms-correlates of behavior problems in young children. Nursing Res 1988; 37: 156-61.
33. Reis J. Correlates of depression according to maternal age. J Genet Psychol 1988; 149: 535-45.
34. Hamelin AM, Beaudry M, Habicht JP. Characterization of household food insecurity in Quebec: food and feelings. Soc Sci Med 2002; 54: 119-32.
35. Hamelin AM, Habicht JP, Beaudry M. Food insecurity: consequences for the household and broader social implications. J Nutr 1999; 129 (Suppl): 525S-8S.
36. Sheper Hughes N. Death without weeping: The violence of everyday life in Brazil. Berkeley: University of California Press; 1992.
37. Kent G. Children as victims of structural violence. Societies Without Borders 2006; 1: 53-67.
38. Magwaza AS, Killian BJ, Petersen I, Pillay Y. The effects of chronic violence on preschool children living in South African townships. Child Abuse Negl 1993; 17: 795-803.
39. Barbarin O, Richter L, deWet T. Exposure to violence, coping resources, and psychological adjustment of South African children. Am J Orthopsychiat 2001; 71: 16-25.
40. Gunnar MR, Fisher PA. Bringing basic research on early experience and stress neurobiology to bear on preventive interventions for neglected and maltreated children. Dev Psychopathol 2006; 18: 651-77.
41. Gunnar M, Quevedo K. The neurobiology of stress and development. Annu Rev Psychol 2007; 58: 145-73.
42. Perry BD, Pollard R. Homeostasis, stress, trauma, and adaptation. A neurodevelopmental view of childhood trauma. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 1998; 7: 33-51, viii.
43. Felitti VJ, Anda RF, Nordenberg D, Williamson DFI, Spitz AM, Edwards V, et al. Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. Am J Prev Med 1998; 14: 245-58.
44. McCormick MC, Brooks-Gunn J, Buka SL, Goldman J, Yu J, Salganik M, et al. Early intervention in low birth weight premature infants: results at 18 years of age for the Infant Health and Development Program. Pediatrics 2006; 117: 771-80.
45. Currie J. Early Childhood Intervention Programs: What Do We Know? JCPR Working Paper: National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA. Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto (Ontario). 2000. Report No.: JCPR-WP-169.
46. Powell C, Baker-Henningham H, Walker S, Gernay J, Grantham-McGregor S. Feasibility of integrating early stimulation into primary care for undernourished Jamaican children: cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2004; 329: 89.
47. Super CM, Herrera MG, Mora JO. Long-term effects of food supplementation and psychosocial intervention on the physical growth of Colombian infants at risk of malnutrition. Child Dev 1990; 61: 29-49.
48. Rao N. Children's rights to survival, development, and early education in India: the critical role of the integrated child development services programme. Int J Early Childhood 2005; 37: 15-31.
49. Rao N, Sharma A. The impact of the integrated child development services program on the development of young children in India, 2004.
50. Engle PL, Black MM, Behrman JR, Cabral de Mello M, Gertler PJ, Kapiriri L, et al. Strategies to avoid the loss of developmental potential in more than 200 million children in the developing world. Lancet 2007; 369: 229-42.
51. Gertler P, Fernald L. The medium term impact of oportunidades on child development in rural areas. Final report (fourth draft); 2004. UC-Berkeley, CA, and Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, México. Available from: http://www.sarpn.org/documents/d0001264/ index.php, accessed on August 15, 2007.
52. Heckman JJ. Skill formation and the economics of investing in disadvantaged children. Science 2006; 312: 1900-2.
53. Knudsen EI, Heckman JJ, Cameron JL, Shonkoff JP. Economic, neurobiological, and behavioral perspectives on building America's future workforce. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006; 103: 10155-62.
54. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Human Development Report, 1996. New York: Oxford University Press; 1996. Available from: http://hdr.undp.org/reports/global/1996/en/, accessed on October 9, 2007.
55. Alkire S. Subjective quantitative studies of human agency. Soc Indicators Res 2005; 74: 217-60.
56. Alkire S. Valuing freedoms: Sen's capability approach and poverty reduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2002.
57. Dréze J, Sen AK. Hunger and public action. Oxford: Clarendon Press; 1989.
58. Morland K, Wing S, Diez A. The contextual effect on local food environment on residents' diets: The atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Am J Public Health 2002; 92: 1761-8.
59. Rose D, Richards R. Food store access and household fruit and vegetable use among participants in the US Food Stamp Program. Public Health Nut 2004; 7: 1081-8.
60. Iversen V. Intra-household inequality: a challenge for the capability approach? Feminist Economics 2003; 9: 93-115.
61. Sen A. Missing women. BMJ 1992; 304: 587-8.
62. Weinreb L, Wehler C, Perloff J, Hosmer D, Sagor I, Gunderson C. Hunger: its impact on children's health and mental health. Pediatrics 2002; 110: e41.
63. Chilton M, Booth S. Hunger of the body and hunger of the mind: African American women's perceptions of food insecurity, health and violence. J Nutr Educ Behav 2007; 39: 116-25.
64. Navarro V. Development and quality of life: a critique of Amartya Sen's development as freedom. Int J Health Serv 2000; 30: 661-74.
65. Gruskin S. What are health and human rights? Lancet 2004; 363: 329.
66. (CESCR) Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment 12: The right to adequate food (Art. 11) (Twentieth session, 1999): United Nations; 1999 12/05/99.E/C.12/1999/5. Available from: http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/0/3d02758c707031d58025677 f003b73b9?Opendocument, accessed on September 10, 2007.
67. Mann J, Gruskin S. Women's health and human rights: Genesis of the health and human rights movement. Health Human Rights 1995; 1: 309-12.
68. Tarantola D, Gruskin S, Brown TM, Fee E. Jonathan Mann: founder of the health and human rights movement. Am J Public Health 2006; 96: 1942-3.
69. Gruskin S, Dickens B. Human rights and ethics in public health. Am J Public Health 2006; 96: 1903-5.
70. Hunt P. The right to health: from the margins to the mainstream. Lancet 2002; 360: 1878.
71. Hunt P. The human right to the highest attainable standard of health: new opportunities and challenges. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2006; 100: 603-7.
72. Krieger N, Gruskin S. Frameworks matter: Ecosocial and health and human rights perspectives on disparities in women's health - The case of tuberculosis. J Am Med Women Assoc 2001; 56: 137-42.
73. Brown L, Gentilini U. On the edge: The role of food-based safety nets in helping vulnerable households manage food insecurity. United Nations University. UNU-WIDER (World Institute for Development Economics Research). Research Paper No. 2006/111.
74. Frankenberger T. Chronic and transitory food insecurity. In: Key issues in emergency needs assessment, vol. II. Rome: World Food Programme; 2003 p. 21-36.
75. Ligon E, Schechter L. 'Measuring Vulnerability'. Paper presented at the Conference on risk and vulnerability: Estimation and Policy Implications. Washington, DC; 2002.
76. Kent G. Freedom from want: the human right to adequate food. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press; 2005.
77. Van Esterik P. Right to food: right to feed: right to be fed. The intersection of women's rights and the right to food. Agri Hum Values 1999; 16: 225-32.
78. Florencio CA. Rights-based food and nutrition perspective: 21st century challenge for dietetics. J Hum Nutr Diet 2001; 14: 169-83.
79. United Nations Administrative Committee on Coordination/Sub-Committee on Nutrition, Commission on the Nutrition Challenge of the 21st Century (2000). Ending malnutrition by 2020: Agenda for change in the millennium. Geneva: ACC/SCN.
80. Convention on the Rights of the Child. Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 44/25 of 20 November 1989 entry into force 2 September 1990, in accordance with article 49. Available from: http://www.ohchr.org/english/law/pdf/ crc.pdf, accessed on August 15, 2007.
81. Castro JD. The geography of hunger. Boston: Little, Brown; 1952.