메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 34, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 712-745

Latent variable modelling: A survey

Author keywords

Factor analysis; GLLAMM; Item response theory; Latent class; Latent trait; Latent variable; Measurement error; Mixed effects model; Multilevel model; Random effect; Structural equation model

Indexed keywords


EID: 36749051765     PISSN: 03036898     EISSN: 14679469     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9469.2007.00573.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (96)

References (219)
  • 1
    • 0000163176 scopus 로고
    • Note on the method of least squares
    • Adcock, R. J. (1877a). Note on the method of least squares. Analyst 4, 183 184.
    • (1877) Analyst , vol.4 , pp. 183-184
    • Adcock, R.J.1
  • 2
    • 0038100846 scopus 로고
    • A problem in least squares
    • Adcock, R. J. (1877b). A problem in least squares. Analyst 5, 53 54.
    • (1877) Analyst , vol.5 , pp. 53-54
    • Adcock, R.J.1
  • 6
    • 0001838202 scopus 로고
    • Discrete time methods for the analysis of event histories
    • In. ed. S. Leinhardt. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA.
    • Allison, P. D. (1982). Discrete time methods for the analysis of event histories. In Sociological methodology 1982 (ed. S. Leinhardt 61 98. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA.
    • (1982) Sociological Methodology 1982 , pp. 61-98
    • Allison, P.D.1
  • 7
    • 0001758835 scopus 로고
    • Asymptotic properties of conditional maximum likelihood estimators
    • Andersen, E. B. (1970). Asymptotic properties of conditional maximum likelihood estimators. J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B Statist. Methodol. 32, 283 301.
    • (1970) J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B Statist. Methodol. , vol.32 , pp. 283-301
    • Andersen, E.B.1
  • 8
    • 0002686036 scopus 로고
    • The numerical solution of a set of conditional estimation equations
    • Andersen, E. B. (1972). The numerical solution of a set of conditional estimation equations. J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B Statist. Methodol. 34, 42 54.
    • (1972) J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B Statist. Methodol. , vol.34 , pp. 42-54
    • Andersen, E.B.1
  • 10
    • 0039217797 scopus 로고
    • Comparing latent populations
    • Andersen, E. B. (1980a). Comparing latent populations. Psychometrika 45, 121 134.
    • (1980) Psychometrika , vol.45 , pp. 121-134
    • Andersen, E.B.1
  • 12
    • 0010324938 scopus 로고
    • Latent structure analysis: A survey
    • Andersen, E. B. (1982). Latent structure analysis: a survey. Scand. J. Statist. 9, 1 12.
    • (1982) Scand. J. Statist. , vol.9 , pp. 1-12
    • Andersen, E.B.1
  • 13
    • 0040143616 scopus 로고
    • Estimating the parameters of the latent population distribution
    • Andersen, E. B. Madsen, M. (1977). Estimating the parameters of the latent population distribution. Psychometrika 42, 357 374.
    • (1977) Psychometrika , vol.42 , pp. 357-374
    • Andersen, E.B.1    Madsen, M.2
  • 15
    • 34250274848 scopus 로고
    • A rating formulation for ordered response categories
    • Andrich, D. (1978). A rating formulation for ordered response categories. Psychometrika 43, 561 573.
    • (1978) Psychometrika , vol.43 , pp. 561-573
    • Andrich, D.1
  • 16
    • 0034557673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bayesian factor analysis for multilevel binary observations
    • Ansari, A. Jedidi, K. (2000). Bayesian factor analysis for multilevel binary observations. Psychometrika 65, 475 496.
    • (2000) Psychometrika , vol.65 , pp. 475-496
    • Ansari, A.1    Jedidi, K.2
  • 17
    • 0002895543 scopus 로고
    • Latent trait models with indicators of mixed measurement levels
    • In. eds. R. Langeheine. J. Rost. Plenum Press, New York.
    • Arminger, G. Küsters, U. (1988). Latent trait models with indicators of mixed measurement levels. In Latent trait and latent class models (eds R. Langeheine J. Rost 51 73. Plenum Press, New York.
    • (1988) Latent Trait and Latent Class Models , pp. 51-73
    • Arminger, G.1    Küsters, U.2
  • 18
    • 84935454180 scopus 로고
    • Construction principles for latent trait models
    • In. ed. C. C. Clogg. Blackwell, Oxford.
    • Arminger, G. Küsters, U. (1989). Construction principles for latent trait models. In Sociological methodology 1989 (ed. C. C. Clogg 369 393. Blackwell, Oxford.
    • (1989) Sociological Methodology 1989 , pp. 369-393
    • Arminger, G.1    Küsters, U.2
  • 19
    • 0032329779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Bayesian approach to nonlinear latent variable models using the Gibbs sampler and the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm
    • Arminger, G. Muthén, B. O. (1998). A Bayesian approach to nonlinear latent variable models using the Gibbs sampler and the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. Psychometrika 63, 271 300.
    • (1998) Psychometrika , vol.63 , pp. 271-300
    • Arminger, G.1    Muthén, B.O.2
  • 20
    • 0033236871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mixtures of conditional mean- and covariance-structure models
    • Arminger, G., Stein, P. Wittenberg, J. (1999). Mixtures of conditional mean- and covariance-structure models. Psychometrika 64, 475 494.
    • (1999) Psychometrika , vol.64 , pp. 475-494
    • Arminger, G.1    Stein, P.2    Wittenberg, J.3
  • 24
    • 0012504876 scopus 로고
    • Factor analysis in psychology as a statistician sees it
    • In. Almqvist and Wiksell, Stockholm.
    • Bartlett, M. S. (1953). Factor analysis in psychology as a statistician sees it. In Uppsala Symposium on Psychological Factor Analysis, 23 34. Almqvist and Wiksell, Stockholm.
    • (1953) Uppsala Symposium on Psychological Factor Analysis , pp. 23-34
    • Bartlett, M.S.1
  • 25
    • 0141852153 scopus 로고
    • Linear structural equations with latent variables
    • Bentler, P. M. Weeks, D. G. (1980). Linear structural equations with latent variables. Psychometrika 45, 289 308.
    • (1980) Psychometrika , vol.45 , pp. 289-308
    • Bentler, P.M.1    Weeks, D.G.2
  • 26
    • 84947387318 scopus 로고
    • Are there two regressions?
    • Berkson, J. (1950). Are there two regressions? J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 45, 164 180.
    • (1950) J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. , vol.45 , pp. 164-180
    • Berkson, J.1
  • 27
    • 0001670658 scopus 로고
    • Test scores, sufficient statistics, and the information structures of tests
    • In. eds. F. M. Lord. M. R. Novick. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
    • Birnbaum, A. (1968). Test scores, sufficient statistics, and the information structures of tests. In Statistical theories of mental test scores (eds F. M. Lord M. R. Novick 425 435. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
    • (1968) Statistical Theories of Mental Test Scores , pp. 425-435
    • Birnbaum, A.1
  • 29
    • 0003009098 scopus 로고
    • Estimating item parameters and latent ability when responses are scored in two or more nominal categories
    • Bock, R. D. (1972). Estimating item parameters and latent ability when responses are scored in two or more nominal categories. Psychometrika 37, 29 51.
    • (1972) Psychometrika , vol.37 , pp. 29-51
    • Bock, R.D.1
  • 30
    • 0013981085 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of covariance structures
    • Bock, R. D. Bargmann, R. E. (1966). Analysis of covariance structures. Psychometrika 31, 507 534.
    • (1966) Psychometrika , vol.31 , pp. 507-534
    • Bock, R.D.1    Bargmann, R.E.2
  • 31
    • 27644511026 scopus 로고
    • Fitting a response model for n dichotomously scored items
    • Bock, R. D. Lieberman, M. (1970). Fitting a response model for n dichotomously scored items. Psychometrika 33, 179 197.
    • (1970) Psychometrika , vol.33 , pp. 179-197
    • Bock, R.D.1    Lieberman, M.2
  • 32
    • 0035532056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mixed-effects analyses of rank-ordered data
    • Böckenholt, U. (2001). Mixed-effects analyses of rank-ordered data. Psychometrika 66, 45 62.
    • (2001) Psychometrika , vol.66 , pp. 45-62
    • Böckenholt, U.1
  • 33
    • 0011241944 scopus 로고
    • Approximate inference in generalized linear mixed models
    • Breslow, N. E. Clayton, D. G. (1993). Approximate inference in generalized linear mixed models. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 88, 9 25.
    • (1993) J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. , vol.88 , pp. 9-25
    • Breslow, N.E.1    Clayton, D.G.2
  • 35
    • 0032908940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flexible parametric measurement error models
    • Carroll, R. J., Roeder, K. Wasserman, L. (1999). Flexible parametric measurement error models. Biometrics 86, 44 54.
    • (1999) Biometrics , vol.86 , pp. 44-54
    • Carroll, R.J.1    Roeder, K.2    Wasserman, L.3
  • 37
    • 0037902272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling and prediction for multivariate spatial factor analysis
    • Christensen, W. F. Amemiya, Y. (2003). Modeling and prediction for multivariate spatial factor analysis. J. Statist. Plann. Inference 115, 543 564.
    • (2003) J. Statist. Plann. Inference , vol.115 , pp. 543-564
    • Christensen, W.F.1    Amemiya, Y.2
  • 38
    • 0002963996 scopus 로고
    • Factor analysis of dichotomized variables
    • Christofferson, A. (1975). Factor analysis of dichotomized variables. Psychometrika 40, 5 32.
    • (1975) Psychometrika , vol.40 , pp. 5-32
    • Christofferson, A.1
  • 39
    • 0023724447 scopus 로고
    • The analysis of event history data: A review of progress and outstanding problems
    • Clayton, D. G. (1988). The analysis of event history data: a review of progress and outstanding problems. Statist. Med. 7, 819 841.
    • (1988) Statist. Med. , vol.7 , pp. 819-841
    • Clayton, D.G.1
  • 40
    • 0002382817 scopus 로고
    • Models for the analysis of cohort and case-control studies with inaccurately measured exposures
    • In. eds. J. H. Dwyer, M. Feinlieb, P. Lippert. H. Hoffmeister. Oxford University Press, New York.
    • Clayton, D. G. (1992). Models for the analysis of cohort and case-control studies with inaccurately measured exposures. In Statistical models for longitudinal studies on health (eds J. H. Dwyer, M. Feinlieb, P. Lippert H. Hoffmeister 301 331. Oxford University Press, New York.
    • (1992) Statistical Models for Longitudinal Studies on Health , pp. 301-331
    • Clayton, D.G.1
  • 41
    • 0000534255 scopus 로고
    • Errors of measurement in statistics
    • Cochran, W. G. (1968). Errors of measurement in statistics. Technometrics 4, 637 666.
    • (1968) Technometrics , vol.4 , pp. 637-666
    • Cochran, W.G.1
  • 43
    • 0032946165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of mixed logit models to reflect heterogeneity in capture-recapture studies
    • Coull, B. A. Agresti, A. (1999). The use of mixed logit models to reflect heterogeneity in capture-recapture studies. Biometrics 55, 294 301.
    • (1999) Biometrics , vol.55 , pp. 294-301
    • Coull, B.A.1    Agresti, A.2
  • 45
    • 0027065554 scopus 로고
    • Smooth nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation for population pharmacokinetics, with application to quindine
    • Davidian, M. Gallant, A. R. (1992). Smooth nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation for population pharmacokinetics, with application to quindine. J. Pharmacokinetics Biopharmaceutics 20, 529 556.
    • (1992) J. Pharmacokinetics Biopharmaceutics , vol.20 , pp. 529-556
    • Davidian, M.1    Gallant, A.R.2
  • 46
    • 5444232913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear models for repeated measurement data: An overview and update
    • Davidian, M. Giltinan, D. M. (2003). Nonlinear models for repeated measurement data: an overview and update. J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Statist. 8, 387 419.
    • (2003) J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Statist. , vol.8 , pp. 387-419
    • Davidian, M.1    Giltinan, D.M.2
  • 47
  • 49
    • 4243828610 scopus 로고
    • Informative drop-out in longitudinal data analysis (with discussion)
    • Diggle, P. J. Kenward, M. G. (1994). Informative drop-out in longitudinal data analysis (with discussion). J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. C 43, 49 93.
    • (1994) J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. C , vol.43 , pp. 49-93
    • Diggle, P.J.1    Kenward, M.G.2
  • 50
    • 0032329456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fitting multivariate normal finite mixtures subject to structural equation modeling
    • Dolan, C. V. van der Maas, H. L. J. (1998). Fitting multivariate normal finite mixtures subject to structural equation modeling. Psychometrika 63, 227 253.
    • (1998) Psychometrika , vol.63 , pp. 227-253
    • Dolan, C.V.1    Van Der Maas, H.L.J.2
  • 51
    • 21644435901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bayesian latent variable models for mixed discrete outcomes
    • Dunson, D. B. Herring, A. H. (2005). Bayesian latent variable models for mixed discrete outcomes. Biostatistics 6, 11 25.
    • (2005) Biostatistics , vol.6 , pp. 11-25
    • Dunson, D.B.1    Herring, A.H.2
  • 52
    • 84858507216 scopus 로고
    • On some identification problems in ML modeling of systems with indirect observation
    • In. eds. K. G. Jöreskog. H. Wold. North-Holland, Amsterdam.
    • Dupac o ̌ vá, J Wold, H 1982). On some identification problems in ML modeling of systems with indirect observation. In Systems under indirect observation - causality structure prediction - Part II (eds K. G. Jöreskog H. Wold 293 315. North-Holland, Amsterdam.
    • (1982) Systems under Indirect Observation - Causality Structure Prediction - Part II , pp. 293-315
    • Dupacǒvá, J.1    Wold, H.2
  • 53
    • 0002668621 scopus 로고
    • Errors in variables
    • Durbin, J. (1954). Errors in variables. Int. Statist. Rev. 22, 2332.
    • (1954) Int. Statist. Rev. , vol.22 , pp. 2332
    • Durbin, J.1
  • 55
    • 84872645713 scopus 로고
    • The assumptions underling the analysis of variance
    • Eisenhart, C. (1947). The assumptions underling the analysis of variance. Biometrics 3, 1 21.
    • (1947) Biometrics , vol.3 , pp. 1-21
    • Eisenhart, C.1
  • 56
    • 0002653230 scopus 로고
    • A second generation nonlinear factor analysis
    • Etezadi-Amoli, J. McDonald, R. P. (1983). A second generation nonlinear factor analysis. Psychometrika 48, 315 342.
    • (1983) Psychometrika , vol.48 , pp. 315-342
    • Etezadi-Amoli, J.1    McDonald, R.P.2
  • 57
    • 0029763749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneously modeling censored survival data and repeatedly measured covariates: A Gibbs sampling approach
    • Faucett, C. L. Thomas, D. C. (1996). Simultaneously modeling censored survival data and repeatedly measured covariates: a Gibbs sampling approach. Statist. Med. 15, 1663 1685.
    • (1996) Statist. Med. , vol.15 , pp. 1663-1685
    • Faucett, C.L.1    Thomas, D.C.2
  • 58
    • 0015738609 scopus 로고
    • Linear logistic test model as an instrument in educational research
    • Fischer, G. H. (1973). Linear logistic test model as an instrument in educational research. Acta Psychol. 37, 359 374.
    • (1973) Acta Psychol. , vol.37 , pp. 359-374
    • Fischer, G.H.1
  • 59
    • 84971185409 scopus 로고
    • The correlation between relatives on the supposition of Mendelian inheritance
    • Fisher, R. A. (1918). The correlation between relatives on the supposition of Mendelian inheritance. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 52, 399 433.
    • (1918) Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. , vol.52 , pp. 399-433
    • Fisher, R.A.1
  • 60
    • 0037262840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mixtures of factor analysers. Bayesian estimation and inference by stochastic simulation
    • Fokoué, E. Titterington, D. M. (2003). Mixtures of factor analysers. Bayesian estimation and inference by stochastic simulation. Mach. Learn. 50, 73 94.
    • (2003) Mach. Learn. , vol.50 , pp. 73-94
    • Fokoué, E.1    Titterington, D.M.2
  • 61
    • 0009147363 scopus 로고
    • Consistent estimation in the Rasch model based on nonparametric margins
    • Follmann, D. A. (1988). Consistent estimation in the Rasch model based on nonparametric margins. Psychometrika 53, 553 562.
    • (1988) Psychometrika , vol.53 , pp. 553-562
    • Follmann, D.A.1
  • 62
    • 0029028456 scopus 로고
    • An approximate generalized linear model with random effects for informative missing data
    • Follmann, D. Wu, M. (1995). An approximate generalized linear model with random effects for informative missing data. Biometrics 51, 151 168.
    • (1995) Biometrics , vol.51 , pp. 151-168
    • Follmann, D.1    Wu, M.2
  • 63
    • 0001100456 scopus 로고
    • Linear logistic latent class analysis for polytomous data
    • Formann, A. K. (1992). Linear logistic latent class analysis for polytomous data. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 87, 476 486.
    • (1992) J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. , vol.87 , pp. 476-486
    • Formann, A.K.1
  • 64
    • 0035534930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bayesian estimation of a multilevel IRT model using Gibbs sampling
    • Fox, J. P. Glas, C. A. W. (2001). Bayesian estimation of a multilevel IRT model using Gibbs sampling. Psychometrika 66, 271 288.
    • (2001) Psychometrika , vol.66 , pp. 271-288
    • Fox, J.P.1    Glas, C.A.W.2
  • 66
    • 0002245296 scopus 로고
    • Semi-nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation
    • Gallant, A. R. Nychka, D. W. (1987). Semi-nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation. Econometrica 55, 363 390.
    • (1987) Econometrica , vol.55 , pp. 363-390
    • Gallant, A.R.1    Nychka, D.W.2
  • 67
    • 0012305994 scopus 로고
    • Three multivariate models: Factor analysis, latent structure analysis and latent profile analysis
    • Gibson, W. A. (1959). Three multivariate models: factor analysis, latent structure analysis and latent profile analysis. Psychometrika 24, 229 252.
    • (1959) Psychometrika , vol.24 , pp. 229-252
    • Gibson, W.A.1
  • 68
    • 0000424828 scopus 로고
    • The analysis of binomial data by a generalized linear mixed model
    • Gilmour, A. R., Anderson, R. D. Rae, A. L. (1985). The analysis of binomial data by a generalized linear mixed model. Biometrika 72, 593 599.
    • (1985) Biometrika , vol.72 , pp. 593-599
    • Gilmour, A.R.1    Anderson, R.D.2    Rae, A.L.3
  • 69
    • 34250465132 scopus 로고
    • Econometrics and psychometrics: A survey of communalities
    • Goldberger, A. S. (1971). Econometrics and psychometrics: a survey of communalities. Psychometrika 36, 83 107.
    • (1971) Psychometrika , vol.36 , pp. 83-107
    • Goldberger, A.S.1
  • 70
    • 0008362591 scopus 로고
    • Multilevel covariance component models
    • Goldstein, H. (1987). Multilevel covariance component models. Biometrika 74, 430 431.
    • (1987) Biometrika , vol.74 , pp. 430-431
    • Goldstein, H.1
  • 72
    • 33847304390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multilevel factor analysis models for continuous and discrete data
    • In. eds. A. Maydeu-Olivares. J. J. McArdle. Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ.
    • Goldstein, H Browne, W. J 2005). Multilevel factor analysis models for continuous and discrete data. In Contemporary psychometrics: a festschrift for Roderick P. McDonald (eds A. Maydeu-Olivares J. J. McArdle 453 475. Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ.
    • (2005) Contemporary Psychometrics: A Festschrift for Roderick P. McDonald , pp. 453-475
    • Goldstein, H.1    Browne, W.J.2
  • 73
    • 0009329815 scopus 로고
    • The analysis of systems of qualitative variables when some of the variables are unobservable. Part i - A modified latent structure approach
    • Goodman, L. A. (1974a). The analysis of systems of qualitative variables when some of the variables are unobservable. Part I - a modified latent structure approach. Amer. J. Sociol. 79, 1179 1259.
    • (1974) Amer. J. Sociol. , vol.79 , pp. 1179-1259
    • Goodman, L.A.1
  • 74
    • 85041975304 scopus 로고
    • Exploratory latent structure analysis using both identifiable and unidentifiable models
    • Goodman, L. A. (1974b). Exploratory latent structure analysis using both identifiable and unidentifiable models. Biometrika 61, 215 231.
    • (1974) Biometrika , vol.61 , pp. 215-231
    • Goodman, L.A.1
  • 75
    • 0039565109 scopus 로고
    • Latent structure analysis and its relation to factor analysis
    • Green, B. F. (1952). Latent structure analysis and its relation to factor analysis. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 47, 71 76.
    • (1952) J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. , vol.47 , pp. 71-76
    • Green, B.F.1
  • 77
    • 0002556498 scopus 로고
    • The probability approach in econometrics
    • Haavelmo, T. (1944). The probability approach in econometrics. Econometrica 12 (Suppl. 1 118.
    • (1944) Econometrica , vol.12 , pp. 1-118
    • Haavelmo, T.1
  • 79
    • 3042753562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Directed loglinear modeling with latent variables: Causal models for categorial data with nonsystematic and systematic measurements errors
    • In. eds. J. A. P. Hagenaars. A. L. McCutcheon. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • Hagenaars, J. A. P 2002). Directed loglinear modeling with latent variables: causal models for categorial data with nonsystematic and systematic measurements errors. In Applied latent class analysis (eds J. A. P. Hagenaars A. L. McCutcheon 234 286. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (2002) Applied Latent Class Analysis , pp. 234-286
    • Hagenaars, J.A.P.1
  • 80
    • 0000317021 scopus 로고
    • Extensions of the Gauss-Markov theorem to include random effects
    • Harville, D. A. (1976). Extensions of the Gauss-Markov theorem to include random effects. Ann. Statist. 2, 384 395.
    • (1976) Ann. Statist. , vol.2 , pp. 384-395
    • Harville, D.A.1
  • 81
    • 84890913931 scopus 로고
    • Maximum likelihood approaches to variance components estimation and related problems
    • Harville, D. A. (1977). Maximum likelihood approaches to variance components estimation and related problems. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 72, 320 340.
    • (1977) J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. , vol.72 , pp. 320-340
    • Harville, D.A.1
  • 82
    • 0002246647 scopus 로고
    • The treatment of unobservable variables in path analysis
    • In. ed. H. L. Costner. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA.
    • Hauser, R. M Goldberger, A. S 1971). The treatment of unobservable variables in path analysis In Sociological methodology 1971 (ed. H. L. Costner 81 117. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA.
    • (1971) Sociological Methodology 1971 , pp. 81-117
    • Hauser, R.M.1    Goldberger, A.S.2
  • 83
    • 0000599944 scopus 로고
    • Attrition bias in experimental and panel data: The Gary income maintenance experiment
    • Hausman, J. A. Wise, D. A. (1979). Attrition bias in experimental and panel data: the Gary income maintenance experiment. Econometrica 47, 455 473.
    • (1979) Econometrica , vol.47 , pp. 455-473
    • Hausman, J.A.1    Wise, D.A.2
  • 84
    • 0000011585 scopus 로고
    • Dummy endogenous variables in a simultaneous equation system
    • Heckman, J. J. (1978). Dummy endogenous variables in a simultaneous equation system. Econometrica 46, 931 959.
    • (1978) Econometrica , vol.46 , pp. 931-959
    • Heckman, J.J.1
  • 85
    • 0000125534 scopus 로고
    • Sample selection bias as a specification error
    • Heckman, J. J. (1979). Sample selection bias as a specification error. Econometrica 47, 153 161.
    • (1979) Econometrica , vol.47 , pp. 153-161
    • Heckman, J.J.1
  • 86
    • 0003305583 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of a stochastic model of reproduction: An econometric approach
    • In. ed. N. Terleckyj. 99-138. National Bureau of Economic Research, New York.
    • Heckman, J. J. Willis, R. J. (1976). Estimation of a stochastic model of reproduction: an econometric approach. In Household production and consumption (ed. N. Terleckyj 99-138. National Bureau of Economic Research, New York.
    • (1976) Household Production and Consumption
    • Heckman, J.J.1    Willis, R.J.2
  • 87
    • 0031022645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Model-based approaches to analyzing incomplete repeated measures and failure time data
    • Hogan, J. W. Laird, N. M. (1997). Model-based approaches to analyzing incomplete repeated measures and failure time data. Statist. Med. 16, 259 271.
    • (1997) Statist. Med. , vol.16 , pp. 259-271
    • Hogan, J.W.1    Laird, N.M.2
  • 89
    • 0031287762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Finite-mixture structural equation models for response-based segmentation and unobserved heterogeneity
    • Jedidi, K., Jagpal, H. S. DeSarbo, W. S. (1997). Finite-mixture structural equation models for response-based segmentation and unobserved heterogeneity. Mark. Sci. 16, 39 59.
    • (1997) Mark. Sci. , vol.16 , pp. 39-59
    • Jedidi, K.1    Jagpal, H.S.2    Desarbo, W.S.3
  • 91
    • 0001766512 scopus 로고
    • Some contributions to maximum likelihood factor analysis
    • Jöreskog, K. G. (1967). Some contributions to maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika 32, 443 482.
    • (1967) Psychometrika , vol.32 , pp. 443-482
    • Jöreskog, K.G.1
  • 92
    • 34250481868 scopus 로고
    • A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis
    • Jöreskog, K. G. (1969). A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika 34, 183 202.
    • (1969) Psychometrika , vol.34 , pp. 183-202
    • Jöreskog, K.G.1
  • 93
    • 0000804180 scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous factor analysis in several populations
    • Jöreskog, K. G. (1971a). Simultaneous factor analysis in several populations. Psychometrika 36, 409 426.
    • (1971) Psychometrika , vol.36 , pp. 409-426
    • Jöreskog, K.G.1
  • 94
    • 18844440836 scopus 로고
    • Statistical analysis of sets of congeneric tests
    • Jöreskog, K. G. (1971b). Statistical analysis of sets of congeneric tests. Psychometrika 36, 109 133.
    • (1971) Psychometrika , vol.36 , pp. 109-133
    • Jöreskog, K.G.1
  • 95
    • 0003039406 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of covariance structures
    • In. Vol. III (ed. P. R. Krishnaiah. Academic Press, New York.
    • Jöreskog, K. G 1973a). Analysis of covariance structures. In Multivariate analysis, Vol. III (ed. P. R. Krishnaiah 263 285. Academic Press, New York.
    • (1973) Multivariate Analysis , pp. 263-285
    • Jöreskog, K.G.1
  • 96
    • 0002548788 scopus 로고
    • A general method for estimating a linear structural equation system
    • In. eds. A. S. Goldberger. O. D. Duncan. Seminar Press, New York.
    • Jöreskog, K. G 1973b). A general method for estimating a linear structural equation system. In Structural equation models in the social sciences (eds A. S. Goldberger O. D. Duncan 85 112. Seminar Press, New York.
    • (1973) Structural Equation Models in the Social Sciences , pp. 85-112
    • Jöreskog, K.G.1
  • 97
    • 0001907148 scopus 로고
    • Structural equation models in the social sciences: Specification, estimation and testing
    • In. ed. P. R. Krishnaiah. North-Holland, Amsterdam.
    • Jöreskog, K. G 1977). Structural equation models in the social sciences: specification, estimation and testing. In Applications of statistics (ed. P. R. Krishnaiah 265 287. North-Holland, Amsterdam.
    • (1977) Applications of Statistics , pp. 265-287
    • Jöreskog, K.G.1
  • 98
    • 0000456985 scopus 로고
    • Estimating the non-linear and interactive effects of latent variables
    • Kenny, D. A. Judd, C. M. (1984). Estimating the non-linear and interactive effects of latent variables. Psychol. Bull. 96, 201 210.
    • (1984) Psychol. Bull. , vol.96 , pp. 201-210
    • Kenny, D.A.1    Judd, C.M.2
  • 99
    • 0035649641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A shared component model for detecting joint and selective clustering of two diseases
    • Knorr-Held, L. Best, N. G. (2001). A shared component model for detecting joint and selective clustering of two diseases. J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. A 164, 73 85.
    • (2001) J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. A , vol.164 , pp. 73-85
    • Knorr-Held, L.1    Best, N.G.2
  • 100
    • 0020333131 scopus 로고
    • Random effects models for longitudinal data
    • Laird, N. M. Ware, J. H. (1982). Random effects models for longitudinal data. Biometrics 38, 963 974.
    • (1982) Biometrics , vol.38 , pp. 963-974
    • Laird, N.M.1    Ware, J.H.2
  • 101
    • 0003130097 scopus 로고
    • The estimation of factor loadings by the method of maximum likelihood
    • Lawley, D. N. (1939). The estimation of factor loadings by the method of maximum likelihood. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 60, 64 82.
    • (1939) Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. , vol.60 , pp. 64-82
    • Lawley, D.N.1
  • 102
    • 84973992894 scopus 로고
    • On problems connected with item selection and test construction
    • Lawley, D. N. (1943). On problems connected with item selection and test construction. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 61, 273 287.
    • (1943) Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. , vol.61 , pp. 273-287
    • Lawley, D.N.1
  • 104
    • 0001453756 scopus 로고
    • The logical and mathematical foundation of latent structure analysis
    • In. eds. S. A. Stouffer, L. Guttmann, E. A. Suchman, P. F. Lazarsfeld, S. A. Star. J. A. Clausen. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
    • Lazarsfeld, P. F 1950). The logical and mathematical foundation of latent structure analysis. In Studies in social psychology in World War II, vol. IV, measurement and prediction (eds S. A. Stouffer, L. Guttmann, E. A. Suchman, P. F. Lazarsfeld, S. A. Star J. A. Clausen 362 412. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
    • (1950) Studies in Social Psychology in World War II, Vol. IV, Measurement and Prediction , pp. 362-412
    • Lazarsfeld, P.F.1
  • 105
    • 0003231840 scopus 로고
    • A conceptual introduction to latent structure analysis
    • In. ed. P. F. Lazarsfeld. Free Press, Glencoe, IL.
    • Lazarsfeld, P. F 1954). A conceptual introduction to latent structure analysis. In Mathematical thinking in the social sciences (ed. P. F. Lazarsfeld 349 387. Free Press, Glencoe, IL.
    • (1954) Mathematical Thinking in the Social Sciences , pp. 349-387
    • Lazarsfeld, P.F.1
  • 109
    • 0141481031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bayesian analysis of structural equation models with dichotomous variables
    • Lee, S.-Y. Song, X.-Y. (2003). Bayesian analysis of structural equation models with dichotomous variables. Statist. Med. 22, 3073 3088.
    • (2003) Statist. Med. , vol.22 , pp. 3073-3088
    • Lee, S.-Y.1    Song, X.-Y.2
  • 110
    • 4444348036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maximum likelihood analysis of a general latent variable model with hierarchically mixed data
    • Lee, S.-Y. Song, X.-Y. (2004). Maximum likelihood analysis of a general latent variable model with hierarchically mixed data. Biometrics 60, 624 636.
    • (2004) Biometrics , vol.60 , pp. 624-636
    • Lee, S.-Y.1    Song, X.-Y.2
  • 111
    • 0035998148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maximum likelihood estimation of nonlinear structural equation models
    • Lee, S.-Y. Zhu, H. T. (2002). Maximum likelihood estimation of nonlinear structural equation models. Psychometrika 67, 189 210.
    • (2002) Psychometrika , vol.67 , pp. 189-210
    • Lee, S.-Y.1    Zhu, H.T.2
  • 113
    • 0001423343 scopus 로고
    • Maximum likelihood estimation in generalized Rasch models
    • de Leeuw, J. Verhelst, N. D. (1986). Maximum likelihood estimation in generalized Rasch models. J. Educ. Statist. 11, 183 196.
    • (1986) J. Educ. Statist. , vol.11 , pp. 183-196
    • De Leeuw, J.1    Verhelst, N.D.2
  • 114
    • 0034147039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bayesian inference for finite mixtures of generalized linear models with random effects
    • Lenk, P. J. DeSarbo, W. S. (2000). Bayesian inference for finite mixtures of generalized linear models with random effects. Psychometrika 65, 93 119.
    • (2000) Psychometrika , vol.65 , pp. 93-119
    • Lenk, P.J.1    Desarbo, W.S.2
  • 116
    • 0001918459 scopus 로고
    • Semiparametric estimation in the Rasch model and related exponential response models, including a simple latent class model for item analysis
    • Lindsay, B. G., Clogg, C. C. Grego, J. (1991). Semiparametric estimation in the Rasch model and related exponential response models, including a simple latent class model for item analysis. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 86, 96 107.
    • (1991) J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. , vol.86 , pp. 96-107
    • Lindsay, B.G.1    Clogg, C.C.2    Grego, J.3
  • 117
    • 21144483152 scopus 로고
    • Pattern-mixture models for multivariate incomplete data
    • Little, R. J. A. (1993). Pattern-mixture models for multivariate incomplete data. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 88, 125 134.
    • (1993) J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. , vol.88 , pp. 125-134
    • Little, R.J.A.1
  • 118
    • 84950452119 scopus 로고
    • Modeling the drop-out mechanism in repeated measures studies
    • Little, R. J. A. (1995). Modeling the drop-out mechanism in repeated measures studies. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 90, 1112 1121.
    • (1995) J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. , vol.90 , pp. 1112-1121
    • Little, R.J.A.1
  • 120
    • 26644457216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generalized spatial structural equation models
    • Liu, X., Wall, M. M. Hodges, J. S. (2005). Generalized spatial structural equation models. Biostatistics 6, 539 557.
    • (2005) Biostatistics , vol.6 , pp. 539-557
    • Liu, X.1    Wall, M.M.2    Hodges, J.S.3
  • 121
    • 21144481043 scopus 로고
    • Factor analysis for clustered observations
    • Longford, N. T. Muthén, B. O. (1992). Factor analysis for clustered observations. Psychometrika 57, 581 597.
    • (1992) Psychometrika , vol.57 , pp. 581-597
    • Longford, N.T.1    Muthén, B.O.2
  • 122
    • 0037964683 scopus 로고
    • Psychometric Monograph 7. Psychometric Society, Bowling Green, OH.
    • Lord, F. M. (1952). A theory of test scores. Psychometric Monograph 7. Psychometric Society, Bowling Green, OH.
    • (1952) A Theory of Test Scores.
    • Lord, F.M.1
  • 125
    • 36749002366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A smooth nonparametric estimate of a mixing distribution using mixtures of Gaussians
    • Magder, S. M. Zeger, S. L. (1996). A smooth nonparametric estimate of a mixing distribution using mixtures of Gaussians. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 11, 86 94.
    • (1996) J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. , vol.11 , pp. 86-94
    • Magder, S.M.1    Zeger, S.L.2
  • 126
    • 0035741575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Latent class factor and cluster models, bi-plots and related graphical displays
    • In. (eds M. Sobel & M. Becker), Blackwell, Boston, MA.
    • Magidson, J Vermunt, J. K. (2001). Latent class factor and cluster models, bi-plots and related graphical displays. In Sociological methodology 2001 (eds M. Sobel & M. Becker), 223 264. Blackwell, Boston, MA.
    • (2001) Sociological Methodology 2001 , pp. 223-264
    • Magidson, J.1    Vermunt, J.K.2
  • 127
    • 0012074627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Rasch hierarchical measurement model
    • Maier, K. S. (2001). A Rasch hierarchical measurement model. J. Educ. Behav. Statist. 26, 307 330.
    • (2001) J. Educ. Behav. Statist. , vol.26 , pp. 307-330
    • Maier, K.S.1
  • 128
    • 0001817555 scopus 로고
    • Contextual analysis through the multilevel linear model
    • In. ed. S. Leinhart. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA.
    • Mason, W. M., Wong, G. Y. Entwisle, B. (1983). Contextual analysis through the multilevel linear model. In Sociological methodology 1983-1984 (ed. S. Leinhart 72 103. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA.
    • (1983) Sociological Methodology 1983-1984 , pp. 72-103
    • Mason, W.M.1    Wong, G.Y.2    Entwisle, B.3
  • 129
    • 0000261668 scopus 로고
    • A Rasch model for partial credit scoring
    • Masters, G. N. (1982). A Rasch model for partial credit scoring. Psychometrika 47, 149 174.
    • (1982) Psychometrika , vol.47 , pp. 149-174
    • Masters, G.N.1
  • 130
    • 0001568978 scopus 로고
    • Dynamic but structural equation modeling with repeated measures data
    • In. Vol. II (eds. J. R. Nesselroade. R. B. Cattell. Plenum Press, New York.
    • McArdle, J. J. (1988). Dynamic but structural equation modeling with repeated measures data. In Handbook of multivariate experimental psychology, Vol. II (eds J. R. Nesselroade R. B. Cattell 561 614. Plenum Press, New York.
    • (1988) Handbook of Multivariate Experimental Psychology , pp. 561-614
    • McArdle, J.J.1
  • 131
    • 85004805728 scopus 로고
    • Some algebraic properties of the reticular action model
    • McArdle, J. J. McDonald, R. P. (1984). Some algebraic properties of the reticular action model. Br. J. Math. Statist. Psychol. 37, 234 251.
    • (1984) Br. J. Math. Statist. Psychol. , vol.37 , pp. 234-251
    • McArdle, J.J.1    McDonald, R.P.2
  • 134
    • 0037083115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discovering subpopulation structure with latent class mixed models
    • McCulloch, C. E., Lin, H., Slate, E. H. Turnbull, B. W. (2002). Discovering subpopulation structure with latent class mixed models. Statist. Med. 21, 417 429.
    • (2002) Statist. Med. , vol.21 , pp. 417-429
    • McCulloch, C.E.1    Lin, H.2    Slate, E.H.3    Turnbull, B.W.4
  • 138
    • 27344454846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • People are variables too: Multilevel structural equations modeling
    • Mehta, P. D. Neale, M. C. (2005). People are variables too: multilevel structural equations modeling. Psychol. Methods 10, 259 284.
    • (2005) Psychol. Methods , vol.10 , pp. 259-284
    • Mehta, P.D.1    Neale, M.C.2
  • 139
    • 12044256855 scopus 로고
    • Generalized linear item response theory
    • Mellenbergh, G. J. (1994). Generalized linear item response theory. Psychol. Bull. 115, 300 307.
    • (1994) Psychol. Bull. , vol.115 , pp. 300-307
    • Mellenbergh, G.J.1
  • 140
    • 0030336223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fitting full-information item factor models and an empirical investigation of bridge sampling
    • Meng, X.-L. Schilling, S. G. (1996). Fitting full-information item factor models and an empirical investigation of bridge sampling. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 91, 1254 1267.
    • (1996) J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. , vol.91 , pp. 1254-1267
    • Meng, X.-L.1    Schilling, S.G.2
  • 141
    • 34249962132 scopus 로고
    • Latent curve analysis
    • Meredith, W. Tisak, J. (1990). Latent curve analysis. Psychometrika 55, 107 122.
    • (1990) Psychometrika , vol.55 , pp. 107-122
    • Meredith, W.1    Tisak, J.2
  • 142
    • 0001562326 scopus 로고
    • Item response models for grouped data
    • Mislevy, R. J. (1983). Item response models for grouped data. J. Educ. Statist. 8, 271 288.
    • (1983) J. Educ. Statist. , vol.8 , pp. 271-288
    • Mislevy, R.J.1
  • 143
    • 0040835554 scopus 로고
    • Exploiting auxiliary information about examinees in the estimation of item parameters
    • Mislevy, R. J. (1987). Exploiting auxiliary information about examinees in the estimation of item parameters. Appl. Psychol. Meas. 11, 81 91.
    • (1987) Appl. Psychol. Meas. , vol.11 , pp. 81-91
    • Mislevy, R.J.1
  • 144
    • 0001019640 scopus 로고
    • Modeling item responses when different subjects employ different strategies
    • Mislevy, R. J. Verhelst, N. (1990). Modeling item responses when different subjects employ different strategies. Psychometrika 55, 195 215.
    • (1990) Psychometrika , vol.55 , pp. 195-215
    • Mislevy, R.J.1    Verhelst, N.2
  • 145
    • 0030493183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marginal maximum likelihood estimation for a psychometric model of discontinuous development
    • Mislevy, R. J. Wilson, M. (1996). Marginal maximum likelihood estimation for a psychometric model of discontinuous development. Psychometrika 61, 41 71.
    • (1996) Psychometrika , vol.61 , pp. 41-71
    • Mislevy, R.J.1    Wilson, M.2
  • 146
    • 0001070313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A latent trait and a latent class model for mixed observed variables
    • Moustaki, I. (1996). A latent trait and a latent class model for mixed observed variables. Br. J. Math. Statist. Psychol. 49, 313 334.
    • (1996) Br. J. Math. Statist. Psychol. , vol.49 , pp. 313-334
    • Moustaki, I.1
  • 147
    • 0000462339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Bayesian semiparametric model for case-control studies with errors in variables
    • Müller, P. Roeder, K. (1997). A Bayesian semiparametric model for case-control studies with errors in variables. Biometrika 84, 523 537.
    • (1997) Biometrika , vol.84 , pp. 523-537
    • Müller, P.1    Roeder, K.2
  • 148
    • 34250282002 scopus 로고
    • Contributions to factor analysis of dichotomous variables
    • Muthén, B. O. (1978). Contributions to factor analysis of dichotomous variables. Psychometrika 43, 551 560.
    • (1978) Psychometrika , vol.43 , pp. 551-560
    • Muthén, B.O.1
  • 149
    • 0000645585 scopus 로고
    • A structural probit model with latent variables
    • Muthén, B. O. (1979). A structural probit model with latent variables. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 74, 807 811.
    • (1979) J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. , vol.74 , pp. 807-811
    • Muthén, B.O.1
  • 150
    • 48749147366 scopus 로고
    • Latent variable structural modelling with categorical data
    • Muthén, B. O. (1983). Latent variable structural modelling with categorical data. J. Econom. 22, 43 65.
    • (1983) J. Econom. , vol.22 , pp. 43-65
    • Muthén, B.O.1
  • 151
    • 0001391849 scopus 로고
    • A general structural equation model with dichotomous, ordered categorical and continuous latent indicators
    • Muthén, B. O. (1984). A general structural equation model with dichotomous, ordered categorical and continuous latent indicators. Psychometrika 49, 115 132.
    • (1984) Psychometrika , vol.49 , pp. 115-132
    • Muthén, B.O.1
  • 152
    • 0001411838 scopus 로고
    • Latent variable modeling in heterogeneous populations
    • Muthén, B. O. (1989). Latent variable modeling in heterogeneous populations. Psychometrika 54, 557 585.
    • (1989) Psychometrika , vol.54 , pp. 557-585
    • Muthén, B.O.1
  • 153
    • 84965569319 scopus 로고
    • Multilevel covariance structure analysis
    • Muthén, B. O. (1994). Multilevel covariance structure analysis. Sociol. Methods Res. 22, 376 398.
    • (1994) Sociol. Methods Res. , vol.22 , pp. 376-398
    • Muthén, B.O.1
  • 154
    • 0013297364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond SEM: General latent variable modeling
    • Muthén, B. O. (2002). Beyond SEM: general latent variable modeling. Behaviormetrika 29, 81 117.
    • (2002) Behaviormetrika , vol.29 , pp. 81-117
    • Muthén, B.O.1
  • 155
    • 21844493442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical aspects of Muthén's LISCOMP approach to estimation of latent variable relations with a comprehensive measurement model
    • Muthén, B. O. Satorra, A. (1996). Technical aspects of Muthén's LISCOMP approach to estimation of latent variable relations with a comprehensive measurement model. Psychometrika 60, 489 503.
    • (1996) Psychometrika , vol.60 , pp. 489-503
    • Muthén, B.O.1    Satorra, A.2
  • 157
    • 21144468543 scopus 로고
    • Age, criminal careers, and population heterogeneity: Specification and estimation of a nonparametric mixed Poisson model
    • Nagin, D. S. Land, K. C. (1993). Age, criminal careers, and population heterogeneity: specification and estimation of a nonparametric mixed Poisson model. Criminology 31, 327 362.
    • (1993) Criminology , vol.31 , pp. 327-362
    • Nagin, D.S.1    Land, K.C.2
  • 159
    • 0001831031 scopus 로고
    • Consistent estimates based on partially consistent observations
    • Neyman, J. Scott, E. L. (1948). Consistent estimates based on partially consistent observations. Econometrica 16, 1 32.
    • (1948) Econometrica , vol.16 , pp. 1-32
    • Neyman, J.1    Scott, E.L.2
  • 160
    • 0002100868 scopus 로고
    • Contributions to the mathematical theory of evolution
    • Pearson, K. (1894). Contributions to the mathematical theory of evolution. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. A 185, 71 110.
    • (1894) Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. A , vol.185 , pp. 71-110
    • Pearson, K.1
  • 161
    • 0001100430 scopus 로고
    • The numerical measure of success of predictions
    • Peirce, C. S. (1884). The numerical measure of success of predictions. Science 4, 453 454.
    • (1884) Science , vol.4 , pp. 453-454
    • Peirce, C.S.1
  • 162
    • 0035632583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficient algorithms for robust estimation in linear mixed-effects models using the multivariate t-distribution
    • Pinheiro, J. C., Liu, C. Wu, Y. (2001). Efficient algorithms for robust estimation in linear mixed-effects models using the multivariate t-distribution. J. Comput. Graph. Statist. 10, 249 276.
    • (2001) J. Comput. Graph. Statist. , vol.10 , pp. 249-276
    • Pinheiro, J.C.1    Liu, C.2    Wu, Y.3
  • 163
    • 38249012115 scopus 로고
    • Maximum likelihood and generalized least squares analyses of two-level structural equation models
    • Poon, W.-Y. Lee, S.-Y. (1992). Maximum likelihood and generalized least squares analyses of two-level structural equation models. Statist. Probab. Lett. 14, 25 30.
    • (1992) Statist. Probab. Lett. , vol.14 , pp. 25-30
    • Poon, W.-Y.1    Lee, S.-Y.2
  • 164
    • 0029795558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Random effects models in latent class analysis for evaluating accuracy of diagnostic tests
    • Qu, Y., Tan, M. Kutner, M. H. (1996). Random effects models in latent class analysis for evaluating accuracy of diagnostic tests. Biometrics 52, 797 810.
    • (1996) Biometrics , vol.52 , pp. 797-810
    • Qu, Y.1    Tan, M.2    Kutner, M.H.3
  • 165
    • 84931762625 scopus 로고
    • A new approach to estimating switching regressions
    • Quandt, R. E. (1972). A new approach to estimating switching regressions. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 67, 306 310.
    • (1972) J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. , vol.67 , pp. 306-310
    • Quandt, R.E.1
  • 166
    • 0035180893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parameterization of multivariate random effects models for categorical data
    • Rabe-Hesketh, S. Skrondal, A. (2001). Parameterization of multivariate random effects models for categorical data. Biometrics 57, 1256 1264.
    • (2001) Biometrics , vol.57 , pp. 1256-1264
    • Rabe-Hesketh, S.1    Skrondal, A.2
  • 167
    • 36749004045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multilevel and latent variable modeling with composite links and exploded likelihoods
    • Rabe-Hesketh, S. Skrondal, A. (2007). Multilevel and latent variable modeling with composite links and exploded likelihoods. Psychometrika 72, 123 140.
    • (2007) Psychometrika , vol.72 , pp. 123-140
    • Rabe-Hesketh, S.1    Skrondal, A.2
  • 168
    • 10044290370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generalized multilevel structural equation modeling
    • Rabe-Hesketh, S., Skrondal, A. Pickles, A. (2004). Generalized multilevel structural equation modeling. Psychometrika 69, 167 190.
    • (2004) Psychometrika , vol.69 , pp. 167-190
    • Rabe-Hesketh, S.1    Skrondal, A.2    Pickles, A.3
  • 169
    • 24144482731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maximum likelihood estimation of limited and discrete dependent variable models with nested random effects
    • Rabe-Hesketh, S., Skrondal, A. Pickles, A. (2005). Maximum likelihood estimation of limited and discrete dependent variable models with nested random effects. J. Econom. 128, 301 323.
    • (2005) J. Econom. , vol.128 , pp. 301-323
    • Rabe-Hesketh, S.1    Skrondal, A.2    Pickles, A.3
  • 171
    • 0002553181 scopus 로고
    • Estimation and tests of significance in factor analysis
    • Rao, C. R. (1955). Estimation and tests of significance in factor analysis. Psychometrika 20, 93 111.
    • (1955) Psychometrika , vol.20 , pp. 93-111
    • Rao, C.R.1
  • 172
    • 0002289285 scopus 로고
    • Some statistical methods for comparison of growth curves
    • Rao, C. R. (1958). Some statistical methods for comparison of growth curves. Biometrics 14, 1 17.
    • (1958) Biometrics , vol.14 , pp. 1-17
    • Rao, C.R.1
  • 174
    • 0000387583 scopus 로고
    • On general laws and the meaning of measurement in psychology
    • In. ed. J. Neymann. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.
    • Rasch, G 1961). On general laws and the meaning of measurement in psychology. In Proceedings of the Fourth Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability (ed. J. Neymann 321 333. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.
    • (1961) Proceedings of the Fourth Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability , pp. 321-333
    • Rasch, G.1
  • 175
    • 0033426640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecometrics: Toward a science of assessing ecological settings, with application to the systematic social observation of neighborhoods
    • In. ed. P. V. Marsden. Blackwell, Oxford.
    • Raudenbush, S. W. Sampson, R. (1999). Ecometrics: toward a science of assessing ecological settings, with application to the systematic social observation of neighborhoods. In Sociological methodology 1999 (ed. P. V. Marsden 1 41. Blackwell, Oxford.
    • (1999) Sociological Methodology 1999 , pp. 1-41
    • Raudenbush, S.W.1    Sampson, R.2
  • 176
    • 0038200625 scopus 로고
    • Confluence analysis by means of instrumental sets of variables
    • Reiersøl, O. (1945). Confluence analysis by means of instrumental sets of variables. Arkiv for Mathematik, Astronomi och Fysik 32A, 1 119.
    • (1945) Arkiv for Mathematik, Astronomi Och Fysik , vol.32 , pp. 1-119
    • Reiersøl, O.1
  • 177
    • 0036420728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mixture models in measurement error problems, with reference to epidemiological studies
    • Richardson, S., Leblond, L., Jaussent, I. Green, P. (2002). Mixture models in measurement error problems, with reference to epidemiological studies. J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. A 165, 549 556.
    • (2002) J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. A , vol.165 , pp. 549-556
    • Richardson, S.1    Leblond, L.2    Jaussent, I.3    Green, P.4
  • 178
    • 0036375390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The random weights linear logistic test model
    • Rijmen, F. De Boeck, P. (2002). The random weights linear logistic test model. Appl. Psychol. Meas. 26, 271 285.
    • (2002) Appl. Psychol. Meas. , vol.26 , pp. 271-285
    • Rijmen, F.1    De Boeck, P.2
  • 179
    • 0022617922 scopus 로고
    • The value of latent class analysis in medical diagnosis
    • Rindskopf, D. Rindskopf, W. (1986). The value of latent class analysis in medical diagnosis. Statist. Med. 5, 21 27.
    • (1986) Statist. Med. , vol.5 , pp. 21-27
    • Rindskopf, D.1    Rindskopf, W.2
  • 180
    • 84970751365 scopus 로고
    • Rasch models in latent classes: An integration of two approaches to item analysis
    • Rost, J. (1990). Rasch models in latent classes: an integration of two approaches to item analysis. Appl. Psychol. Meas. 14, 271 282.
    • (1990) Appl. Psychol. Meas. , vol.14 , pp. 271-282
    • Rost, J.1
  • 181
    • 0017133178 scopus 로고
    • Inference and missing data
    • Rubin, D. B. (1976). Inference and missing data. Biometrika 63, 581 592.
    • (1976) Biometrika , vol.63 , pp. 581-592
    • Rubin, D.B.1
  • 185
    • 0042332230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multilevel logistic regression for polytomous data and rankings
    • Skrondal, A. Rabe-Hesketh, S. (2003). Multilevel logistic regression for polytomous data and rankings. Psychometrika 68, 267 287.
    • (2003) Psychometrika , vol.68 , pp. 267-287
    • Skrondal, A.1    Rabe-Hesketh, S.2
  • 187
    • 0000600340 scopus 로고
    • General intelligence, objectively determined and measured
    • Spearman, C. (1904). General intelligence, objectively determined and measured. Amer. J. Psychol. 15, 201 293.
    • (1904) Amer. J. Psychol. , vol.15 , pp. 201-293
    • Spearman, C.1
  • 188
    • 33745863518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multilevel factor model for mixed binary and ordinal indicators of women's status
    • Steele, F. Goldstein, H. (2006). A multilevel factor model for mixed binary and ordinal indicators of women's status. Sociol. Methods Res. 35, 137 153.
    • (2006) Sociol. Methods Res. , vol.35 , pp. 137-153
    • Steele, F.1    Goldstein, H.2
  • 190
    • 0001523790 scopus 로고
    • Efficient inference in a random coefficient regression model
    • Swamy, P. A. V. B. (1970). Efficient inference in a random coefficient regression model. Econometrica 38, 311 323.
    • (1970) Econometrica , vol.38 , pp. 311-323
    • Swamy, P.A.V.B.1
  • 192
    • 0000563849 scopus 로고
    • On the relationship between item response theory and factor analysis of discretized variables
    • Takane, Y. de Leeuw, J. (1987). On the relationship between item response theory and factor analysis of discretized variables. Psychometrika 52, 393 408.
    • (1987) Psychometrika , vol.52 , pp. 393-408
    • Takane, Y.1    De Leeuw, J.2
  • 193
    • 0034018654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mixed effects logistic regression models for longitudinal ordinal functional response data with multiple cause drop-out from the longitudinal study of aging
    • Ten Have, T. R., Miller, M. E., Reboussin, B. A. James, M. K. (2000). Mixed effects logistic regression models for longitudinal ordinal functional response data with multiple cause drop-out from the longitudinal study of aging. Biometrics 56, 279 287.
    • (2000) Biometrics , vol.56 , pp. 279-287
    • Ten Have, T.R.1    Miller, M.E.2    Reboussin, B.A.3    James, M.K.4
  • 194
    • 0001054763 scopus 로고
    • Composite link functions in generalized linear models
    • Thompson, R. Baker, R. J. (1981). Composite link functions in generalized linear models. J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. C 30, 125 131.
    • (1981) J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. C , vol.30 , pp. 125-131
    • Thompson, R.1    Baker, R.J.2
  • 196
    • 0000296415 scopus 로고
    • Multiple factor analysis
    • Thurstone, L. L. (1931). Multiple factor analysis. Psychol. Rev. 38, 406 427.
    • (1931) Psychol. Rev. , vol.38 , pp. 406-427
    • Thurstone, L.L.1
  • 197
    • 0004128596 scopus 로고
    • University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
    • Thurstone, L. L. (1935). The vectors of mind. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
    • (1935) The Vectors of Mind.
    • Thurstone, L.L.1
  • 199
    • 0003157493 scopus 로고
    • A connection between Rasch's item analysis model and a multiplicative Poisson model
    • Tjur, T. (1982). A connection between Rasch's item analysis model and a multiplicative Poisson model. Scand. J. Statist. 9, 23 30.
    • (1982) Scand. J. Statist. , vol.9 , pp. 23-30
    • Tjur, T.1
  • 201
    • 21144474819 scopus 로고
    • Statistical modeling of expert ratings on medical treatment appropriateness
    • Uebersax, J. S. (1993). Statistical modeling of expert ratings on medical treatment appropriateness. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 88, 421 427.
    • (1993) J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. , vol.88 , pp. 421-427
    • Uebersax, J.S.1
  • 202
    • 0027440317 scopus 로고
    • A latent trait finite mixture model for the analysis of rating agreement
    • Uebersax, J. S. Grove, W. M. (1993). A latent trait finite mixture model for the analysis of rating agreement. Biometrics 49, 823 835.
    • (1993) Biometrics , vol.49 , pp. 823-835
    • Uebersax, J.S.1    Grove, W.M.2
  • 203
    • 0000569928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A linear mixed-effects model with heterogeneity in the random-effects population
    • Verbeke, G. Lesaffre, E. (1996). A linear mixed-effects model with heterogeneity in the random-effects population. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 91, 217 221.
    • (1996) J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. , vol.91 , pp. 217-221
    • Verbeke, G.1    Lesaffre, E.2
  • 206
    • 9144238101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multilevel latent class models
    • In. ed. R. M. Stolzenberg. Blackwell, Oxford.
    • Vermunt, J. K 2003). Multilevel latent class models. In Sociological methodology 2003 (ed. R. M. Stolzenberg 213 239. Blackwell, Oxford.
    • (2003) Sociological Methodology 2003 , pp. 213-239
    • Vermunt, J.K.1
  • 207
    • 36749017004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Latent class and finite mixture models for multilevel data sets
    • in press.
    • Vermunt, J. K. (2008). Latent class and finite mixture models for multilevel data sets. Statist. Methods Med. Res. 16, in press.
    • (2008) Statist. Methods Med. Res. , vol.16
    • Vermunt, J.K.1
  • 208
    • 2242446338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation for polynomial structural equation models
    • Wall, M. M. Amemiya, Y. (2000). Estimation for polynomial structural equation models. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 95, 929 940.
    • (2000) J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. , vol.95 , pp. 929-940
    • Wall, M.M.1    Amemiya, Y.2
  • 209
    • 36749027359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear structural equation modeling as a statistical method
    • In. ed. S. Y. Lee. 321-343. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
    • Wall, M. M Amemiya, Y 2007). Nonlinear structural equation modeling as a statistical method. In Handbook of latent variable and related models (ed. S. Y. Lee 321-343. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
    • (2007) Handbook of Latent Variable and Related Models
    • Wall, M.M.1    Amemiya, Y.2
  • 211
    • 0035543522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factor analysis with (mixed) observed and latent variables
    • Wedel, M. Kamakura, W. A. (2001). Factor analysis with (mixed) observed and latent variables. Psychometrika 66, 515 530.
    • (2001) Psychometrika , vol.66 , pp. 515-530
    • Wedel, M.1    Kamakura, W.A.2
  • 212
    • 0002864926 scopus 로고
    • On the nature of size factors
    • Wright, S. (1918). On the nature of size factors. Genetics 3, 367 374.
    • (1918) Genetics , vol.3 , pp. 367-374
    • Wright, S.1
  • 213
    • 0023921412 scopus 로고
    • Estimation and comparison of change in the presence of informative right censoring by modeling the censoring process
    • Wu, M. C. Carroll, R. J. (1988). Estimation and comparison of change in the presence of informative right censoring by modeling the censoring process. Biometrics 44, 175 188.
    • (1988) Biometrics , vol.44 , pp. 175-188
    • Wu, M.C.1    Carroll, R.J.2
  • 214
    • 0035650134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Joint analysis of longitudinal data comprising repeated measures and times to events
    • Xu, J. Zeger, S. L. (2001). Joint analysis of longitudinal data comprising repeated measures and times to events. J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. C 50, 375 387.
    • (2001) J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. C , vol.50 , pp. 375-387
    • Xu, J.1    Zeger, S.L.2
  • 215
    • 0043195269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear factor analysis as a statistical method
    • Yalcin, I. Amemiya, Y. (2001). Nonlinear factor analysis as a statistical method. Statist. Sci. 16, 275 294.
    • (2001) Statist. Sci. , vol.16 , pp. 275-294
    • Yalcin, I.1    Amemiya, Y.2
  • 216
    • 0031488140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Finite mixtures in confirmatory factor-analysis models
    • Yung, Y.-F. (1997). Finite mixtures in confirmatory factor-analysis models. Psychometrika 62, 297 330.
    • (1997) Psychometrika , vol.62 , pp. 297-330
    • Yung, Y.-F.1
  • 217
    • 84910906566 scopus 로고
    • Generalized linear models with random effects: A Gibbs sampling approach
    • Zeger, S. L. Karim, M. R. (1991). Generalized linear models with random effects: a Gibbs sampling approach. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 86, 79 86.
    • (1991) J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. , vol.86 , pp. 79-86
    • Zeger, S.L.1    Karim, M.R.2
  • 218
    • 0001075024 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of regression relationships containing unobservable variables
    • Zellner, A. (1970). Estimation of regression relationships containing unobservable variables. Int. Econom. Rev. 11, 441 454.
    • (1970) Int. Econom. Rev. , vol.11 , pp. 441-454
    • Zellner, A.1
  • 219
    • 0000992537 scopus 로고
    • A generalized Rasch model for manifest predictors
    • Zwinderman, A. H. (1991). A generalized Rasch model for manifest predictors. Psychometrika 56, 589 600.
    • (1991) Psychometrika , vol.56 , pp. 589-600
    • Zwinderman, A.H.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.